1930s

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Millennia: 2nd millennium
Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century
Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s - 1930s - 1940s 1950s 1960s
Years: 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934
1935 1936 1937 1938 1939
Categories: Births - Deaths - Architecture
Establishments - Disestablishments

The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. In East Asia, the rise of militarism occurred.

In Western Europe, Australia and the United States, more progressive reforms occurred as opposed to the extreme measures sought elsewhere. Roosevelt's New Deal attempted to use government spending to combat large-scale unemployment and severely negative growth. In Europe, multiple countries turn to authoritarian, nationalist, and fascist governments such as in Austria, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Portugal, and Spain. Multiple countries in Europe reject the borders established after the Treaty of Versailles such as Germany, Hungary, Italy, and the Soviet Union which sought expanding their territories in the decade. In Africa, the last non-colonized country, Ethiopia is occupied by Italian military forces. Entities in the British Empire experience an increase in power being decentralized by the United Kingdom to them in 1931 with the Statute of Westminster, while Mohandas Gandhi continues his peaceful protests to demand independence for India from British colonial rule. East Asia has a number of major conflicts, including civil war in China between communists and nationalists, the invasion and occupation of Manchuria by Japan, and war between China and Japan.

Contents

[edit] Technology

Many technological advances occurred in the 1930s, including:

1931: Empire State Building is opened.
1931: Empire State Building is opened.

[edit] International issues

[edit] Africa

[edit] Americas

Emblem of the National Recovery Administration (NRA) of the United States, an organization created as part the "New Deal".
Emblem of the National Recovery Administration (NRA) of the United States, an organization created as part the "New Deal".

[edit] Asia

Mohandas Gandhi on the Salt March in 1930.
Mohandas Gandhi on the Salt March in 1930.
Japanese marines at Guangdong in the Battle of Wuhan in 1938 during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Japanese marines at Guangdong in the Battle of Wuhan in 1938 during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

[edit] Europe

German dictator Adolf Hitler (right) and Italian dictator Benito Mussolini (left) pursue agendas of territorial expansion for their countries in the 1930s eventually leading to the outbreak of World War II in 1939.
German dictator Adolf Hitler (right) and Italian dictator Benito Mussolini (left) pursue agendas of territorial expansion for their countries in the 1930s eventually leading to the outbreak of World War II in 1939.

[edit] Oceania

[edit] Economics

  • The Great Depression occurred during the 1930s.
  • Economic interventionist policies increase in popularity as a result of the Great Depression in both authoritarian and democratic countries. In the western world, Keynesianism replaces classical economic theory.
  • Rapid industrialization takes place in the Soviet Union.

[edit] Literature and Art

[edit] Popular culture

Pablo Picasso's famous painting Guernica (1937).
Pablo Picasso's famous painting Guernica (1937).
  • Radio becomes dominant mass media in industrial nations
  • First intercontinental commercial airline flights
  • Height of the Art Deco movement in North America and western Europe.
  • Major international media attention follows Mohandas Gandhi's peaceful resistance movement against British colonial rule in India.
  • The U.S. film The Wizard of Oz is the first colour film and is enormously popular.
  • "Swing" music starts becoming popular (from 1935 onward). It gradually replaces the sweet form of Jazz that had been popular for the first half of the decade.
  • Triumph of the Will - Leni Riefenstahl's ground-breaking Nazi propaganda film.
  • The 1937 World's Fair in Paris, France displays the growing political tensions in Europe. The pavilions of the rival countries of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union face each other. Germany at the time was internationally condemned for its air forces bombing of the Basque town of Guernica in Spain during the Spanish Civil War, which Spanish artist Pablo Picasso depicted in his masterpiece painting Guernica at the World Fair, which was a surrealist depiction of the horror of the bombing.

[edit] Disasters

The German dirigible airship Hindenburg exploding in 1937.
The German dirigible airship Hindenburg exploding in 1937.

[edit] Others

Military Enigma machine
Military Enigma machine

[edit] People

[edit] World leaders

Adolf Hitler forms a totalitarian regime and dictatorship in Germany whose expansionist ambitions lead to the outbreak of World War II in Europe.
Adolf Hitler forms a totalitarian regime and dictatorship in Germany whose expansionist ambitions lead to the outbreak of World War II in Europe.
Mahatma Gandhi Spearheaded Non Violent Movement against foreign oppression
Mahatma Gandhi Spearheaded Non Violent Movement against foreign oppression
Franklin D. Roosevelt, as President of the United States initiates major economic reform in the United States.
Franklin D. Roosevelt, as President of the United States initiates major economic reform in the United States.
Hailie Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia faces his country being invaded and occupied by Italy and is forced into exile.
Hailie Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia faces his country being invaded and occupied by Italy and is forced into exile.

[edit] Sports figures

[edit] British Commonwealth

[edit] United States

[edit] References

  1. ^ A. L. Unger (January 1969). "Stalin's Renewal of the Leading Stratum: A Note on the Great Purge". Soviet Studies 20 (3): 321–330. Retrieved on 2007-05-29. 

[edit] External links

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930s"
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