Launceston, Tasmania

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Launceston Tasmania
Launceston City
Population:	99,675 [1] (17th)
Established:	1806
Postcode:	7250
Coordinates:	41°26′31″S 147°8′42″E / -41.44194, 147.145Coordinates: 41°26′31″S 147°8′42″E / -41.44194, 147.145
Time zone:  • Summer (DST)	AEST (UTC+10) AEDT (UTC+11)
Mayor:	Albert Van Zetten
Location:	198 km (123 mi) from Hobart 101 km (63 mi) from Devonport 63 km (39 mi) from Scottsdale
LGA:	City of Launceston
Land District:	Cornwall
Federal Division:	Bass Lyons
Mean Max Temp Mean Min Temp Annual Rainfall 18.4 °C 65 °F 7.2 °C 45 °F 668.4 mm 26.3 in
Localities around Launceston: Exeter Weymouth Lilydale Deloraine Launceston Mount Barrow Great Lake Longford Campbell Town

Launceston (pronounced /ˈlɔnsəstən/, often mispronounced /ˈlɔːnsəstən/)^[2][3] is a city in the north of the state of Tasmania, Australia, with a population (greater urban and statistical sub division) of 99,675, ^[1] located at the juncture of the North Esk, South Esk, and Tamar rivers. It is the second largest city in Tasmania after the state capital Hobart.^[4]

Settled by Europeans in March 1806, Launceston is one of Australia's oldest cities and is home to the largest selection of 19th century buildings in Australia.^[5][6] Like many Australian places, it was named after a town in the United Kingdom — in this case, Launceston, Cornwall.^[7]

Launceston has also been home to several firsts such as the first use of anaesthetic in the Southern Hemisphere, the first Australian city to have underground sewers and the first Australian city to be lit by hydroelectricity. ^[8]

Contents 1 History 2 Suburbs 3 Government and politics 3.1 Local government 3.2 Flag 4 Economy 4.1 Tourism 5 Architecture 6 Transport 7 Geography 7.1 Levee System 7.2 Climate 8 Demographics 9 Culture 9.1 Music 9.2 Sport 9.3 Inveresk cultural precinct 10 Other facilities 11 Education 12 Media 12.1 Newspapers 12.2 Television 12.3 Radio 13 Sister cities 14 Notable people 15 See also 16 References 17 External links

[edit] History

In 1798, George Bass and Matthew Flinders were sent to explore the possibility that there was a strait between Australia and Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania). They named their landing place Port Dalrymple, now George Town, 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the north-west. ^[8]

The first significant colonial settlement in the region began in 1804 when the commandant of the British garrison Lt. Col. William Paterson and his men set up a camp where George Town now stands. A few weeks later, the settlement was moved across the river to York Town and a year later they finally settled in Launceston.^[9]

Initially the settlement was called Patersonia. Paterson later changed it to Launceston in honour of New South Wales Governor Captain Philip Gidley King who was born in the Cornish township of Launceston.^[10] The name has survived in the tiny hamlet of Patersonia 18 kilometres (11 mi) north-west of Launceston. Paterson became Lieutenant-Governor of northern Van Diemen's Land from 1804 to 1808. ^[8]

By 1827, Launceston's population had climbed to 2,000 and the town had become an export centre, mainly for the colony's northern pastoral industry. ^[8] Tin was discovered at Mount Bischoff in 1871 in north western Tasmania starting a minerals boom. Gold mining commenced about 50km away in Beaconsfield in 1877.^[8]

During the following two decades Launceston grew from a small town into an urban centre. Launceston was declared Tasmania's second city after the state capital Hobart in 1889. ^[11]

[edit] Suburbs

Launceston urban areas consist of mainly smaller suburbs distributed throughout the city. Invermay in close to the city centre and is served by many small shops along Invermay Road, and is home of Aurora Stadium and the Inveresk Precinct.^[12]

King's Meadows is one of Launceston's southernmost suburbs, with more shops than any other suburb in Launceston. It is also home to the largest shopping centre in Launceston, housing 37 shops.^[13] Prospect is in close proximity to Kings Meadows, being host to the Country Club Casino and many new property developments.

About 4km north of the city centre is Launceston's largest suburb Riverside, which is home to the Launceston Football Club and also Riverside Blues, a Grade cricket team. Both these teams play there home matches at Windsor Park.

Suburb	Population[14]
Blackstone Heights	1,293
East Launceston	2,249
Hadspen	1,928
Invermay	3,117
Kings Meadows	3,430
Launceston	2,900
Legana	2,971
Mayfield	1,514
Mowbray	3,240
Newnham	5,387
Newstead	4,717
Norwood	3,763
Prospect	1,550
Prospect Vale	4,624
Punchbowl	412
Ravenswood	4,145
Riverside	5,760
Rocherlea	1,126
South Launceston	4,257
St Leonards	1,629
Summerhill	2,944
Travellers Rest	378
Trevallyn	4,440
Waverley	1,557
West Launceston	4,127
Youngtown	3,682

[edit] Government and politics

Federally, Launceston falls within the Division of Bass with the sitting member being Jodie Campbell for the Australian Labor Party.

The state seat Lower House seat is also called the Division of Bass and is one of the 5 electorates in the Tasmanian House of Assembly. Both federal and state seats share common boundaries. State Upper House seats which incorporate parts of Launceston are the Electoral Divisions of Paterson, Windermere and Rosevears.

[edit] Local government

A large portion of the city is part of the City of Launceston Local Government Area. Some outer suburbs are part of adjacent council districts; Riverside and Legana are part of the West Tamar Council; Prospect Vale and Blackstone Heights are part of the Meander Valley Council. Launceston's current mayor is Albert Van Zetten, who was elected in 2007.

In 2002 Janie Dickenson became the youngest female elected mayor in Australia.

[edit] Flag

The Launceston flag design is based on the city's Coat of Arms granted by the College of Arms, London on 11 June 1957.^[15] The flag is not notably recognised throughout the city as only the Tasmanian and Australian flags are regularly used. The three intersecting lines in the flag represent the city's three rivers (North Esk, South Esk and Tamar) and the two rectangles in the lines represent tin ingots. The strip across the top with the jagged edge is green to represent the city's parks, gardens and surrounding countryside. Waratah flowers at the top symbolise all flowers and similar beauties of nature. The ingots are included because Launceston used to be a big tin smelting centre. The little circle at the river junction is Launceston.

[edit] Economy

Launceston is a major service centre for the north of the island of Tasmania.^{[citation needed]} Launceston is also a major retail centre, with an average of 75% of market share in surrounding local councils.^[16] The city is home to a campus of the University of Tasmania including the Australian Maritime College. It also has a fairly large minerals and manufacturing base, although this has been in decline, and the city is no longer the "mill town" it was fifty years ago.^{[citation needed]}

It is also a hub for a major agricultural and pastoral region. Historically this was mainly concerned with the growing of apples — in recent years the stress has moved to viticulture. Superfine wool remains an important part of the rural economy of North-East Tasmania, and wool sales in Launceston attract many international buyers.^[17]

[edit] Tourism

Launceston serves as the commercial hub for the north of the state and, like many parts of Tasmania, is become a major tourist centre. Visitors to the city have jumped immensely over the past few years. During 2004 Launceston attracted 412,800 visitors, up 51% from 2001. The United Kingdom is home to 25% of all international visitors to the city, meanwhile 17% are from the USA. ^[18][19]

The Cataract Gorge, a natural wonder of Tasmania and only five minutes walk from the city is Launceston's largest tourist attraction. It's home to the longest single span chairlift in the world, stretching 308m from Basin 1 all the way to Basin 2.^{[20] [21]} Launceston has many parks throughout the city, one of the most popular is the City Park, which is located next to the city centre and is home to the Albert Hall. The park also has a large enclosure for Japanese Macaque monkeys, which is a gift from sister-city Ikeda, Japan.^[22] The Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery is the largest museum and art gallery in Australia located outside a capital city. Situated at two sites; near Royal Park and at Inveresk, it includes the preserved interior of a Chinese Temple that once served the Chinese mining community and a Planetarium. Many people in Launceston will be used to the GPO clock chime, as it chimes ring every quarter hour. The building dates back to the 1880s, with a clock tower added in the early years of the twentieth century.^[23]

[edit] Architecture

Launceston has many well-preserved Victorian and Georgian buildings and has the largest collection of 19th century buildings in Australia. It also has a diverse collection of art-deco architecture that includes the dominant art-deco landmark, Holyman House^[24] Launceston synagogue, is also a rare example of the Egyptian Revival style.

Unlike many cities in Australia, Launceston does not have any high rise buildings. The average building is just 2-3 stories high throughout the CBD, while a few reach up to 4-5 stories. Launceston's tallest building is often incorrectly stated to be the Myer building located in the Brisbane Street Mall. In reality, this honour goes to the Telstra exchange building in St John Street.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Transport

Launceston has a public bus service operated by the Tasmanian government owned company Metro Tasmania. Redline offers school services and also travels to many destinations across Tasmania using it's 5-star motor coaches.^[25]

Being fairly centrally located Launceston is the hub of five of the state's major highways. The Midland Highway, the primary route to Hobart, The Bass Highway, the primary route to Devonport and Burnie. The Tasman Highway, the alternate scenic route to Hobart via Scottsdale and the East Coast, the West Tamar Highway and East Tamar Highway, on either side of the Tamar River, joining the city to its port and seaside satellite towns.

The city is served by the small curfew-free Launceston Airport, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south-east of the city. Hobart International Airport and Launceston Airport are the only two airports in Tasmania to reach one million passenger movements per year. It's currently under re-development, and when complete the terminal size will be doubled. Jetstar, Virgin Blue, Tiger Airways and Qantaslink are the current commercial airlines to use the airport. There are currently direct flights to and from Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane.

Although the passenger rail system in Tasmania was closed some years ago, the main freight rail route links Burnie through Launceston (and up to Bell Bay) to Hobart.

Like many of the larger cities in Australia, Launceston operated a tramway system between 1911 and 1952, which consisted of 29 trams and was first planned in 1909 after observations of efficiently working systems in Melbourne and Adelaide.^{[citation needed]} For a decade before the tram system was abandoned, Launceston had begun converting to trolleybuses, especially for the hilly routes and operated one of the most extensive trolleybus networks in Australia. The network was finally ripped up in 1952 to make way for cars and buses and a single tramway museum in Inveresk is all that remains. Launceston's streets, most of which were planned in very early years of the nineteenth century, were probably always too narrow for trams to be fully successful, in many cases little of the roadway remained for other forms of transport.^[26]

Launceston has been built around the merger of the Tamar River and it's tributary's; the South Esk River and less renowned North Esk Rivers. The Tamar River is a navigable estuary and is still used for tourist cruises. For many years ocean going shipping used the river to obtain access to the Port of Launceston located in the city centre. The Port of Launceston is now located at Bell Bay, some 40km by road from the city, on the east bank of the Tamar estuary, close to its mouth. The South Esk River is the longest river in Tasmania. It starts in the mountains of Fingal and flows through Avoca, Evandale, Longford, Hadspen and then Launceston. The river is dammed at Lake Trevallyn although some water flows into the Cataract Gorge and eventually merges with the Tamar River. The North Esk River starts in the mountains in the Tasmania's North East and winds it's way to Launceston.

[edit] Geography

Launceston is located in Northern Tasmania about 45km south of Bass Strait. Devonport is the closest city, located about 101km north-west. Hobart, Tasmania's state capital is located about 200km south. Most of Launceston is very swampy because it was built around the Tamar River. Launceston combines steep (originally heavily wooded) ridges and low-lying areas (originally wetlands — in fact parts of the suburbs of Inveresk and Invermay are below high-tide level). As a result, parts of Launceston are subject to landslip problems, while others are liable to poor drainage — not to mention periodic flooding.^{[citation needed]}

The topography of the area, and of the Tamar Valley generally, are not conducive to the easy dispersion of airborne pollution, due to the phenomenon of thermal inversion. ^[27] During recent years the air quality has improved dramatically. Studies indicate that 73% per cent of air pollution in Launceston and surrounding areas during the winter period is caused by wood smoke, meanwhile about 8% is from motor vehicle pollution. During the early 1990s about 60% per cent of households used wood heaters but just 25-30% of households used wood heating.^[28][29]

In 1997 there were 51 days when the air quality exceeded 50g/m3. This figure dropped to just 10 in 2004. Although these figures could have been influenced by abnormally windy conditions. The 2008 winter was the first time Launceston's air quality didn't exceedd PM10, since air quality monitoring began in 1997.^[30]

[edit] Levee System

Some areas of Launceston are protected by a series of levees which reach up to 4 metres and were built in the 1960s. Most of Invermay and some of Newstead sit within a flood plain. This is because many areas of Launceston are susceptible to flooding. Ground level in Invermay and parts of Newstead lies below the level of high tide. The last major flood occurred in 1929, when Invermay was completely devastated. More than 4,000 people were left homeless after just one night of flooding. Since then there have been minor floods but nothing as devastating. ^[31]

Work is currently underway on a $39 million flood levee upgrade, that is expected to take 5-6 years to construct. The council has acquired land used by 18 businesses on the south side of Lindsay Street in Invermay. The businesses have until July 2009 to leave. ^[32]

[edit] Climate

Launceston has a mild temperate climate, with four distinct seasons. The highest recorded temperature in Launceston was 37.3°C at Launceston Airport on the 28 January 1943 and the lowest temperature was again recorded at Launceston Airport, with the temperature dropping as low as -7.1°C, also at Launceston Airport on 24 June 1972.^[33] Launceston has a yearly average of 7.0 hours of sunshine a day compared with Tasmanians capital Hobart which has 5.9. Although the mountains around Launceston regularly receive snow during the winter months, the Launceston area rarely receives snow. Along with Hobart, Launceston is one of the driest areas in Tasmania averaging a low of 31 mm of rain in February and a high of 85 mm of rain in August. During February 2003, no rain fell at all. The most rain Launceston has received in a year was 829.6 mm in 1992, while the driest year was in 2006, when just 394.8 mm fell. Averages suggest that it rains 89 days a year. Winter months are typically cool with an average of 16 frosts during this period, out of an average total of 26 in a year. There are around 50 clear days each year. ^[33]

Because of low minimum temperatures, mornings can be rather cool with the average 9am temperature in July averaging just 5.2°C. While January mornings are the warmest, averaging 16.6°C.^[33]

The lowest Launceston maximum temperature was a 5.9°C on the 19 June 1992.^[34] There is an average of 50 clear days and 164 cloudy days each year for Launceston. ^[35] During 2006 and 2007, Launceston was the warmest town or city in Tasmania. Throughout 2007 the average maximum temperature was a record 19.2°C, the yearly minimum temperature was also a record 8.1°C.^[36][37]

Being located in a valley, the hilly topography of Launceston can have a considerable influence on its weather, with more hills and even a few mountains laying to the south of the city.^[38]

Weather averages for Launceston
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	35.4 (96)	34.4 (94)	32.9 (91)	27.7 (82)	22.0 (72)	18.4 (65)	17.6 (64)	20.3 (69)	24.8 (77)	28.7 (84)	30.7 (87)	33.8 (93)	35.4 (96)
Average high °C (°F)	24.1 (75)	24.4 (76)	22.4 (72)	18.8 (66)	15.8 (60)	13.0 (55)	12.5 (55)	13.7 (57)	15.5 (60)	17.9 (64)	20.3 (69)	22.4 (72)	18.4 (65)
Average low °C (°F)	12.2 (54)	12.0 (54)	10.0 (50)	7.4 (45)	5.1 (41)	2.8 (37)	2.2 (36)	3.6 (38)	5.1 (41)	6.9 (44)	8.8 (48)	10.6 (51)	7.2 (45)
Record low °C (°F)	2.5 (37)	3.4 (38)	0.5 (33)	-1.5 (29)	-3.0 (27)	-4.9 (23)	-5.2 (23)	-3.5 (26)	-2.4 (28)	-1.4 (29)	-2.0 (28)	2.0 (36)	-5.2 (23)
Precipitation mm (inches)	47.6 (1.87)	30.7 (1.21)	32.8 (1.29)	50.7 (2)	64.0 (2.52)	65.5 (2.58)	75.8 (2.98)	84.8 (3.34)	65.8 (2.59)	53.3 (2.1)	47.9 (1.89)	46.0 (1.81)	666.4 (26.24)
Source: Bureau of Meteorology [39] 16.08.2008

[edit] Demographics

Year	Population	Projected[40]
1991	65,370
1994	64,333
1995	64,133
1996	63,896
1997	63,514
1998	63,030
1999	62,720
2000	62,530
2001	62,335
2002	62,417
2003	63,389
2004	64,057
2005	65,021
2009		65,212
2014		66,516
2019		67,797
2024		68,878

Launceston had 65,051 living in its municipality according to the 2006 census. This was a little below the peak of 65,370 which occurred in 1991 and after which the population began a steady decline, falling to around 62,335 in 2001. Growth resumed between 2002 and 2003 at an estimated 1.3 per cent for the year, and a further 1.1 per cent between 2003 and 2004. This recent growth compares with 1 per cent at both junctures for Tasmania as a whole.

Most people living in Launceston were either born in Australia, with England and Ireland being the main places of migration. ^[41]

These figures only include the Local government Area (Further Information: Local Government Areas of Australia) , which doesn't include Launceston suburbs, located just out of the city, which are; Blackstone Heights, Hadspen, Legana, Prospect Vale, Riverside and Travellers Rest, along with Greater Launceston suburbs and towns.

[edit] Culture

Australia's oldest bookshop. A.W. Birchall & Sons (Birchalls) opened its doors in November 1844 at its current site in Brisbane Street.^[42]

[edit] Music

From 1999 to 2003, Launceston was the home of three of the four Gone South music festivals. Since 2006 it has also been the host of MS Fest, a music festival held at the Inveresk Show grounds to raise funds for multiple sclerosis research.^[43]

[edit] Sport

As with the majority of areas in Australia; the majority of Launceston people are passionate about sport, with Cricket and Australian rules football being the most popular.

Launceston has produced two of the most iconic Australian cricketers in the modern era, the current Australian cricket captain Ricky Ponting and former retired star and current Australian selector David Boon.

Launceston is the home of York Park (Aurora Stadium), which is the state's only first-class sports ground equipped with lights for evening games. The Melbourne team Hawthorn (and previously St Kilda) have played a small number of AFL (Australian football) games there each year. The state government has signed a $15 million deal with Hawthorn, to get them to play four AFL matches and one NAB Cup matches a year at Aurora Stadium until at least 2011.^[44] Launceston holds the record attendance for a VFL/AFL crowd in Tasmania (20,961) set on 18 June 2006 when Hawthorn played Richmond Football Club.^[45][46]

The first first-class cricket match played in Australia was played at the Northern Tasmania Cricket Association Ground between the Melbourne Cricket Club and the Launceston Cricket Club in 1851. See Intercolonial cricket in Australia ^[47]

The city was also one of the venues for the 2003 Rugby World Cup, attracting a record crowd of 15,891 for the sport of rugby union in Tasmania to a game between Romania and Namibia at York Park.^[48]

Launceston is the only city in Tasmania to have hosted national association football (soccer) matches. A National Soccer League game was held at Aurora Stadium in 2002 between Perth Glory and Melbourne Knights, attracting 5,324 fans.^[49] A-League pre-season cup games have been held at the same venue between Melbourne Victory and Adelaide United each year since 2006. The record crowd is 8,061.^[50]

Since 2004, the V8 Supercars (Tasmanian Challenge) has been annually held at the recently re-developed Symmons Plains Raceway.^[51]

[edit] Inveresk cultural precinct

The Inveresk Cultural Precinet, on the grounds of the former railway station and rail yards, hosts the newer part of the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery in buildings largely converted from the former Railway Workshops.^[52]

The latest addition to the precinct is the new Launceston Tramway Museum. Included in the museum is the fully restored No. 29 tram, the fully restored 'Mary St' shelter shed and a host of memorabilia. The restoration has taken place over a number of years and the museum is run entirely by volunteers. Tram No 29 Inveresk 2004

The state's largest preservation railway, Don River Railway, has a carriage rebuilding workshop on the site.

An Australian Technical College is being built at the site at a cost of about $8 million and expected to be completed by December 2008. The completed building will be 2300sq m. It will be the main campus for the state along with a new satellite campus in Burnie.^{[53] [54]}

[edit] Other facilities

Launceston General Hospital is the major public hospital in the city, with St Lukes Private Hospital and St Vincent's Hospital being the major private facilities. Launceston also had the first use of anaesthesia in the Southern Hemisphere.

Launceston is also the hub for the state's medical retrieval service. The Royal Flying Doctor Service is serviced by the state's ambulance service, and doctors from the Launceston General Hospital. It flies to all airports throughout Australia. ^[55]

Just out of the CBD, the Launceston Aquatic Centre is being built, replacing the old Launceston Swimming pool at a cost of $26.3 million. The new building area is set to span approximately 6000m2 and approximately 450m2 of the existing Launceston Swimming Pool Building, will be renovated. The project is expected to be completed in March 2009.^[56]

For cycling events, major sales and other events, the Silverdome was originally an indoor sporting and entertainment venue that was completed in 1984. It was originally built in Prospect for use as a cycling track. ^[57]

The Country Club Casino is a hotel, casino and golf course complex, and is also located in the southern suburb of Prospect. It was the second casino to be built in Tasmania. It recently won the the Best Entertainment Venue in Australia at the 2008 Australian Hotel Association National Awards.^[58]

[edit] Education

The education system in Launceston comprises of two tertiary education institutions; the government runs a Kindergarten to grade 12 schooling system, and there are also numerous religious based private schools and colleges. Launceston is home to the campus of the University of Tasmania, situated in Newnham. Launceston's colleges are; Launceston College, Newstead College, St Patrick's College and Scotch Oakburn College.

With numbers at the University of Tasmania growing rapidly, a new $42 million Uni Village will be built next to the site. ^{[59] [60]}

Main article: Education in Tasmania

[edit] Media

[edit] Newspapers

Launceston's major local newspaper is The Examiner, which was founded by James Aikenhead in 1842 and has been continually published ever since. The state's other newspapers are the The Advocate on the North West Coast and The Mercury from Hobart are also popular, as with all of Tasmania, Launceston receives some mainland papers.

[edit] Television

Five free-to-air television channels service Launceston. Commercial television channels are provided by Southern Cross Tasmania, Tasmanian Digital Television (TDT) and WIN Television. Other stations include ABC1 and SBS TV. There is also free to air digital ABC2.

All stations commenced digital broadcasting during 2003, and in December 2003, a fifth station, TDT, began broadcasting. TDT is a joint venture between Southern Cross and WIN. Many programs that Channel 10 on the mainland show, are shown on TDT. In March 2005, ABC2 came on-line. As with all Australian cities, pay TV services are broadcasted by Austar and Select TV.

[edit] Radio

Radio stations aired around Launceston are; 7LA - Grant Broadcasters, TOTE Sport Radio (7EX) - Racing Radio, Triple J - ABC, ABC Northern Tasmania - ABC, ABC NewsRadio - ABC, ABC Classic FM - ABC, Radio National - ABC, City Park Radio - Community Radio, SBS Radio - SBS, Way FM — Christian Radio and 7RPH which is a relay of 864am from Hobart

[edit] Sister cities

Launceston has four sister cities, listed by year of pairing.

• Ikeda, Japan, 1965
• Seremban, Malyasia, 1976
• Napa, United States, 1988
• Taiyuan, China, 1995 ^[61]

[edit] Notable people

Notable people from Launceston.

Marcos Ambrose (racing car driver) Simon Baker (actor) David Boon (cricket player) Hudson Fysh (aviator) Daniel Geale (boxer) Tim Lane (sports commentator) Graeme Murphy (choreographer) Peter Sculthorpe (composer)

Ricky Ponting (cricket player) Allan Stone (tennis player) Rachael Taylor (actress) Allan Salisbury (cartoonist best known for Snake Tales) Andrew Dunkley (Sydney Swans AFL player) Tom Bellchambers (Essendon Bombers AFL player) Brad Green (Melbourne Demons AFL player) Sam Lonergan (Essendon Bombers AFL player)

[edit] See also

• List of Mayors of Launceston

v • d • e Launceston landmarks Buildings & Structures: Boag's Brewery · Albert Hall · Country Club Casino Entertainment: Inveresk and York Park Precinct · Princess Theatre Sports: Aurora Stadium · Launceston Aquatic Centre · NTCA Ground · Elphin Sports Centre Transportation: Launceston Airport · Metro (bus company) Nature and Parks: City Park · Cataract Gorge

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Launceston City Council