1913
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| Centuries: | 19th century - 20th century - 21st century |
| Decades: | 1880s 1890s 1900s - 1910s - 1920s 1930s 1940s |
| Years: | 1910 1911 1912 - 1913 - 1914 1915 1916 |
| 1913 by topic: |
| Subject: Archaeology - Architecture - Art |
| Aviation - Film - Literature (Poetry) Meteorology - Music (Country) Rail transport - Radio - Science |
| Sports - Television |
| Countries: Australia - Canada - India - Ireland - Malaysia - New Zealand - Norway - Singapore South Africa - Soviet Union - UK - Zimbabwe |
| Leaders: Sovereign states - State leaders |
| Religious leaders - Law |
| Categories: Births - Deaths - Works - Introductions |
| Establishments - Disestablishments - Awards |
Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar).
| Contents: |
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[edit] Events of 1913
[edit] January
- January 13
- Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Incorporated, a Social Sorority, is founded on the campus of Howard University by twenty-two collegiate women.
- The Irish Ulster Volunteers are reoganized into the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) by the Ulster Unionist Party, with the intention of defending Ulster against Home Rule.
- January 23 - Coup of 1913 in the Ottoman Empire, lead by Enver Pasha; the CUP overthrew the Liberal Union coalition and introduced a military dictatorship.
- January 30 - House of Lords rejects third Irish Home Rule Bill.
[edit] February
- February 1 - New York City's Grand Central Terminal, having been rebuilt, reopens as the world's largest train station.
- February 3 - The 16th Amendment to the US Constitution is ratified, authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect income taxes.
- February 4 - Trial of the remnants of the Bonnot gang begins.
- February 9 - "The Great Fireball Procession": a chain of slow, large meteors moving from northwest to southeast is sighted over North America, particularly in Canada.
- February 17 - The Armory Show opens in New York City. It displays works of artists who are to become some of the most influential painters of the early 20th century.
[edit] March
- March 3 - The First Women's Suffrage March.
- March - Outpouring of monarchist sentiment in Russia when the House of Romanov celebrates the 300th anniversary of their succession to the throne.
- March 4
- Woodrow Wilson succeeds William Howard Taft as the 28th President of the United States.
- The US Department of Commerce and US Department of Labor are established by splitting the duties of the 10-year-old Department of Commerce and Labor.
- The first U.S. law regulating the shooting of migratory birds passed.
- March 7 - British freighter Alum Chine carrying 343 tons of dynamite explodes in Baltimore harbour.[1]
- March 10 - Civil Rights activist Harriet Tubman dies of pneumonia.
- March 12 - Australia begins building the new federal capital of Canberra.
- March 13 - Mexican Revolution - Pancho Villa returns to Mexico from his self-imposed exile in USA.
- March 18 - King George I of Greece is assassinated.
- March 20 - Sung Chiao-jen, a founder of the Chinese nationalist party (KMT) is wounded in an assassination attempt and dies 2 days after.
- March 25
- Venustiano Carranza announces his Plan of Guadalupe and begins his rebellion against Victoriano Huerta's government as the head of "Constitutionals."
- 2 days of rain in the Miami Valley flood the region and mark the worst natural disaster in Ohio's recorded history. Dayton is especially devastated in this great flood.
- March 26 - Balkan War: Bulgarian forces take Adrianople.
[edit] April
- April 8 - Passing of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, dictating the direct election of senators.
- April 24 - Woolworth Building opening ceremony.
[edit] May
- May - The painting September Morn creates a national sensation in the USA and results in a court case.
- May 13 - Igor Sikorsky becomes the first person to pilot a four engine aircraft.
- May 14 - New York Governor William Sulzer approves the charter for the Rockefeller Foundation which begins operations with a $100,000,000 donation from John D. Rockefeller.
- May 29 - Igor Stravinsky's ballet score The Rite of Spring is premiered in Paris causing a riot that very night.
- May 30 - First Balkan War: A peace treaty is signed in London ending the war.
[edit] June
- June - First edition of the Christian Esoteric magazine Rays from the Rose Cross in the United States; still issued bimonthly till today.
- June 4 - Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of the king's horse, Anmer, at the Epsom Derby. She was trampled and died four days later in the hospital, never having regained consciousness.
- June 13 - Great Gorge and International Railway trolley and passengers are buried under the contents of an overhead garbage chute that broke in Niagara Falls, New York.
- June 15 - Bud Bagsak Massacre: US troops under General John 'Black Jack' Pershing kill at least 2,000 civilians, Bud Bagsak, Philippines. (Disputed: First Battle of Bud Dajo)
- June 24 - Joseph Cook becomes the 6th Prime Minister of Australia.
[edit] July
- July 3 - Commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg draws thousands of American Civil War veterans and their families to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
- July 10 - Death Valley, California hits 134 °F (~56.7 °C) which is the highest temperature recorded in the United States (as of 2004).
[edit] August
- August 4 - In China, province of Chungking declares independence. Chinese Republican forces crush the rebellion in a couple of weeks
- August 10 - Division of Macedonia after the second Balkan War, according to the Treaty of Bucharest
- August 13 - Invention of stainless steel by Harry Brearley in Sheffield.
- August 15 - Start of Dublin Strike & Lockout, all trade union members dismissed
- August 20 - 700 feet above Buc, France, parachutist Adolphe Pegond jumps from an airplane and lands safely.
[edit] September
- September 19 - Francis Ouimet wins the U.S. Open by five strokes to become the first amateur to ever win the event
- September 23 - French aviator Roland Garros flies over the Mediterranean
- September 29
- Rudolf Diesel disappears en route to Britain
- Pancho Villa is elected commander of the "Northern Division" of the Constitutionals
[edit] October
- October 1 - Pancho Villa's troops take Torreón after a three-day battle when government troops retreat
- October 3 - The United States Revenue Act of 1913 re-imposes the federal income tax and lowers basic tariff rates from 40% to 25%.
- October 10 - US President Woodrow Wilson triggers the explosion of the Gamboa Dike, ending construction on the Panama Canal.
- October 19 - Founding of the DLRG (German Life Saving Society)
- October 31 - Dedication of the Lincoln Highway, the first automobile road across America.
[edit] November
- November 1st - 56,654: Highest number of Panama Canal employees recorded since construction began in 1904.
- November 5 - The insane king Otto of Bavaria is deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumed the title Ludwig III.
- November 6 - Mohandas Gandhi is arrested while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.
- November 7-11 - The Great Lakes Storm of 1913 kills more than 250.
[edit] December
- December 1
- Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving assembly line, reducing chassis assembly time from 12½ hours in October to 2 hours, 40 minutes (although Ford was not the first to use an assembly line, his successful adoption of one did spark an era of mass production).
- Crete, having obtained self rule from Turkey after the first Balkan war, is annexed by Greece.
- December 12
- Emperor of Ethiopia Menelik II dies and is succeeded by his grandson Iyasu V of Ethiopia.
- Vincenzo Perugia tries to sell Mona Lisa in Florence and is arrested.
- December 21 - Arthur Wynne's "word-cross", the first crossword puzzle, is published in the New York World.
- December 23 - The Federal Reserve is created by Woodrow Wilson.
- December 30 - Italy returns Mona Lisa to France.
- December - Gateway of India constructed at Mumbai to commemorate first entry of Queen Victoria to India.
[edit] Undated
- Female suffrage in Norway
- British steamship Calvadas disappears in the Marmara Sea with 200 hands on board.
- de Sitter: shows speed of light is independent of speed of source.
- Sagnac: shows speed of light depends on speed of rotating platform.
- Camel cigarettes are introduced.
- First publication of Journal of Ecology.
- National Temperance Council founded to promote the temperance movement.
- United States Soccer Federation is formed.
- The modern zipper is invented.
- The cities of Winston, North Carolina and Salem, North Carolina officially merged to become Winston-Salem.
- End of Portuguese immigration to the Hawaiian Islands (1878-1913).
- The value of world trade roughly $38 billion.
- Schools founded: The Hockaday School, Crescent School.
[edit] Ongoing
[edit] Births
| Gregorian calendar | 1913 MCMXIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2666 |
| Armenian calendar | 1362 ԹՎ ՌՅԿԲ |
| Bahá'í calendar | 69 – 70 |
| Berber calendar | 2863 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2457 |
| Burmese calendar | 1275 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7421 – 7422 |
| Chinese calendar | 壬子年十一月廿四日 (4549/4609-11-24) — to —
癸丑年十二月初五日(4550/4610-12-5) |
| Coptic calendar | 1629 – 1630 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1905 – 1906 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5673 – 5674 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1968 – 1969 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1835 – 1836 |
| - Kali Yuga | 5014 – 5015 |
| Holocene calendar | 11913 |
| Iranian calendar | 1291 – 1292 |
| Islamic calendar | 1331 – 1332 |
| Japanese calendar | Taishō 2 (大正2年) |
| Korean calendar | 4246 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2456 |
[edit] January-February
- January 2 - Anna Lee, English actress (d. 2004)
- January 5 - Jack Haig, English actor (d. 1989)
- January 6 - Edward Gierek, Polish politician (d. 2001)
- January 6 - Loretta Young, American actress (d. 2000)
- January 9 - Richard M. Nixon, President of the United States (d. 1994)
- January 10 - Gustáv Husák, Slovak politician (d. 1991)
- January 15 - Lloyd Bridges, American actor (d. 1998)
- January 15 - Alexander Marinesko,captain of the S-13 submarine, which sank the German ship Wilhelm Gustloff, when 10,000 died while the ship sank.(d. 1963)
- January 18 - Danny Kaye, American actor (d. 1987)
- January 18 - George Unwin, British fighter ace WWII (d. 2006)
- January 22 - William Cardinal Conway, Irish clergyman (d. 1977)
- January 22 - Carl F. H. Henry, American theologian and publisher (d. 2003)
- January 24 - Norman Dello Joio, American composer (d. 2008)
- January 25 - Witold Lutosławski, Polish composer (d. 1994)
- January 26 - Jimmy Van Heusen, American composer (d. 1990)
- January 28 - Wally Parks, Founder of the NHRA {d. 2007)
- January 29 - Peter von Zahn, German journalist and writer (d. 2001)
- February 2 - Poul Reichhardt, Danish actor (d. 1985)
- February 4 - Rosa Parks, American civil rights activist (d. 2005)
- February 6 - Mary Leakey, British anthropologist (d. 1996)
- February 13 - George Barker, British poet (d. 1991)
- February 14 - Mel Allen, American sports reporter (d. 1996)
- February 14 - Jimmy Hoffa, American labor leader (disappeared 1975)
- February 14 - Woody Hayes, National Football League Coach (d. March 12, 1987)
- February 25 - Jim Backus, American actor (d. 1989)
- February 25 - Gert Fröbe, German actor (d. 1988)
- February 27 - T. B. Ilangaratne, Sri Lankan author, dramatist, actor and politician (d. 1992)
- February 27 - Paul Ricoeur, French philosopher (d. 2005)
- February 27 - Irwin Shaw, American writer (d. 1984)
- February 27 - Kazimierz Sabbat, Polish president (d. 1989)
[edit] March-April
- March 1 - Richard S.R. Fitter, British writer (d. 2005)
- March 2 - Godfried Bomans, Dutch writer (d. 1971)
- March 4 - John Garfield, American actor (d. 1952)
- March 13 - William Casey, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. 1987)
- March 13 - Smoky Dawson, Australian singer (d. 2008)
- March 13 - Sergey Mikhalkov, Russian writer and lyricist
- March 18 - René Clément, French film director (d. 1996)
- March 21 - George Abecassis, English race car driver (d. 1991)
- March 26 - Paul Erdős, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1996)
- March 26 - Jacqueline de Romilly, French philologist
- March 29 - R. S. Thomas, Welsh poet (d. 2000)
- March 30 - Richard Helms, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. 2002)
- March 30 - Frankie Laine, American singer (d. 2007)
- March 30 - Ċensu Tabone, Maltese politician
- March 31 - Etta Baker, American musician (d. 2006)
- April 3 - Per Borten, Premier of Norway (d. 2005)
- April 7 - Charles Vanik, American politician (d. 2007)
- April 11 - Oleg Cassini, American fashion designer (d. 2006)
- April 14 - Jean Fournet, French conductor
- April 27 - Philip Hauge Abelson, American physicist, writer, and editor (d. 2004)
[edit] May-June
- May 1 - Louis Nye, American comedian and actor (d. 2005)
- May 1 - Walter Susskind, Czech conductor (d. 1980)
- May 5 - Tyrone Power, American actor (d. 1958)
- May 8 - Saima Harmaja, Finnish poet (d. 1937)
- May 11 - Robert Jungk, Austrian journalist (d. 1994)
- May 13 - William R. Tolbert, Jr., President of Liberia (d. 1980)
- May 16 - Woody Herman, American musician and band leader (d. 1987)
- May 20 - William Hewlett, American businessman (d. 2001)
- May 26 - Peter Cushing, English actor (d. 1994)
- May 29 - Tony Zale, American boxer (d. 1997)
- June 6 - Carlo L. Golino, American scholar (d. 1991)
- June 10 - Tikhon Khrennikov, Russian composer (d. 2007)
- June 11 - Vince Lombardi, American football coach (d. 1970)
- June 11 - Risë Stevens, American mezzosoprano
- June 18 - Robert Mondavi, American winemaker (d. 2008)
- June 18 - Sylvia Field Porter, American economist and journalist (d. 1991)
- June 25 - Cyril Fletcher, British comedian (d. 2005)
- June 26 - Aimé Césaire, French Martinican poet and politician (d. 2008)
- June 28 - Franz Antel, Austrian filmmaker (d. 2007)
- June 30 - Alfonso López Michelsen, President of Colombia (d. 2007)
[edit] July-August
- July 3 - Dorothy Kilgallen, American newspaper columnist (d. 1965)
- July 12 - Philip Mayer Kaiser, American diplomat (d. 2007)
- July 12 - Willis Lamb, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2008)
- July 14 - Gerald Ford, 38th President of the United States (d. 2006)
- July 17 - Roger Garaudy, French Holocaust denier
- July 18 - Red Skelton, American comedian (d. 1997)
- July 22 - Gorni Kramer, Italian bandleader and songwriter (d. 1995)
- July 22 - Licia Albanese, Italian-born soprano
- July 23 - Michael Foot, British politician
- August 8 - John Facenda, American sports announcer (d. 1984)
- August 8 - Robert Stafford, Governor of Vermont, U.S Representative and U.S. Senator. (d. 2006)
- August 10 - Wolfgang Pauli, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
- August 13 - Fred Davis, English snooker and billiards player (d. 1998)
- August 13 - Makarios III, Archbishop and first President of Cyprus (d.1977)
- August 16 - Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1992)
- August 17 - W. Mark Felt, American Federal Bureau of Investigation Associate Director and Deep Throat Watergate informant
- August 17 - Rudy York, baseball player (d. 1970)
- August 19 - Richard Simmons, American actor (d. 2003)
- August 20 - Roger Wolcott Sperry, American neurobiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1994)
- August 27 - Nina Schenk von Stauffenberg, German wife of freedom fighter Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg (d. 2006)
- August 28 - Robertson Davies, Canadian novelist (d. 1995)
- August 28 - Richard Tucker, American tenor (d. 1975)
- August 29 - Jan Ekier, Polish pianist and composer
- August 30 - Richard Stone, British economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
- August 31 - Helen Levitt, American photographer
[edit] September-October
- September 1 - Ludwig Merwart, Austrian painter and graphic artist (1979)
- September 2 - Israel Gelfand, Russian mathematician
- September 4
- Stanford Moore, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1982)
- Boone Guyton, American test pilot (d. 1996)
- September 11 - Paul "Bear" Bryant, American football coach (d. 1983)
- September 12 - Jesse Owens, American athlete (d. 1980)
- September 14 - Jacobo Arbenz, President of Guatemala (d. 1971)
- September 15 - John N. Mitchell, United States Attorney General and convicted Watergate criminal (d. 1988)
- September 19 - Frances Farmer, American actress (d. 1970)
- September 24 - Wilson Rawls, American Author (d. 1984)
- September 28 - Warja Honegger-Lavater, Swiss artist and illustrator (d. 2007)
- September 29
- Trevor Howard, English actor (d. 1988)
- Stanley Kramer, American film producer, director, and writer (d. 2001)
- Silvio Piola, Italian footballer (d. 1996)
- September 30 - Bill Walsh, American movie producer and writer (d. 1975)
- October 10 - Claude Simon, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
- October 18 - Evelyn Venable, American actress (d. 1993)
- October 22 - Robert Capa, Hungarian-born photojournalist (d. 1954)
- October 22 - Tamara Desni, German-born British actress (d. 2008)
[edit] November-December
- November 2 - Burt Lancaster, American actor (d. 1994)
- November 5 - Vivien Leigh, British actress (d. 1967)
- November 7 - Albert Camus, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1960)
- November 7 - Elizabeth Bradford Holbrook, Canadian sculptor
- November 9 - Hedy Lamarr, Austrian actress (d. 2000)
- November 10 - Álvaro Cunhal, Portuguese politician (d. 2005)
- November 13 - Alexander Scourby, American actor (d. 1985)
- November 15 - Arthur Haulot, Belgian journalist (d. 2005)
- November 21
- John Boulting, English film director (d.1985)
- Roy Boulting, English film director and producer (d. 2001)
- November 22
- Benjamin Britten, English composer (d. 1976)
- Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, first female Philippine Supreme Court Justice (d. 2006)
- November 23 - Michael Gough, English actor
- November 25 - Lewis Thomas, American physician and essayist (d. 1993)
- December 6
- Nikolai Amosov, Ukrainian heart surgeon, inventor, best-selling author, and exercise enthusiast (d. 2002)
- Eleanor Holm, American swimmer (d. 2004)
- December 8 - Delmore Schwartz, American poet (d. 1966)
- December 9 - Frances Reid, American actress
- December 10
- Morton Gould, American composer (d. 1996)
- Harry Locke, British character actor (d. 1987)
- December 13 - Arnold Brown, Salvation Army general (d. 2002)
- December 15 - Muriel Rukeyser, American poet (d. 1980)
- December 16 - George Ignatieff, a Canadian diplomat was the recipient of the 1984 Pearson Medal of Peace. (d. 1989)
- December 18
- Alfred Bester, American author (d. 1987)
- Willy Brandt, Chancellor of Germany, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1992)
- December 21 - Arnold Friberg, American artist
- December 30 - Elyne Mitchell, Australian author (d. 2002)
[edit] Deaths
[edit] January - June
- January 2 - Léon Teisserenc de Bort, French meteorologist (b. 1855)
- January 4 - Alfred von Schlieffen, German field marshal (b. 1833)
- February 22 - Francisco I. Madero, President of Mexico (b. 1873)
- February 26 - Felix Draeseke, German composer (b. 1835)
- March 10 - Harriet Tubman, American abolitionist (b. 1820)
- March 11 - John Shaw Billings, American military and medical leader (b. 1838)
- March 18 - King George I of Greece (b. 1845)
- March 22 - Sung Chiao-jen, Chinese revolutionary (b. 1882)
- March 31 - J.P.Morgan, American financier and banker (b. 1837)
- May 1 - John Barclay Armstrong, Texas Ranger and U.S. Marshal (b. 1850)
- May 16 - Louis Perrier, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1849)
- June 5 - Chris von der Ahe, German-born brewer and baseball owner
- June 8 - Emily Davison, British suffragette (b. 1872)
- June 28 - Manoel Ferraz de Campos Salles, Brazilian president (b.1841)
[edit] July - December
- July 3 - Horatio Nelson Young, American naval hero (b. 1845)
- July 13 - Edward Burd Grubb, American Civil War Union Brevet Brigadier General (b. 1841)
- July 19 - Clímaco Calderón, President of Colombia (b. 1852)
- July 29 - Tobias Michael Carel Asser, Dutch jurist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1838)
- September 30 - Rudolf Diesel, German engine inventor (b. 1858)
- October 5 - Hans von Bartels, German painter (b. 1856)
- November 7 - Alfred Russel Wallace, Welsh biologist (b. 1823)
- November 22 - Tokugawa Yoshinobu, Japanese shogun (b. 1837)
- December 7 - Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano, Italian Catholic churchman and last surviving cardinal of Pius IX (b. 1828)
- December 12 - Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1844)
[edit] Nobel prizes
- Physics - Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes
- Chemistry - Alfred Werner
- Medicine - Charles Robert Richet
- Literature - Rabindranath Tagore
- Peace - Henri La Fontaine
[edit] Ship events
- List of ship launches in 1913
- List of ship commissionings in 1913
- List of ship decommissionings in 1913
[edit] External links
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