Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha

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Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
Princess of Wales
Portrait by Charles Philips, 1736
Spouse	Frederick, Prince of Wales
Issue
Princess Augusta Charlotte of Wales George III Edward, Duke of York Princess Elizabeth Caroline of Wales William, Duke of Gloucester Henry, Duke of Cumberland Princess Louisa Anne of Wales Prince Frederick William of Wales Caroline Matilda of Wales
Detail Titles and styles
HRH The Dowager Princess of Wales HRH The Princess of Wales HSH Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
Royal house	House of Hanover House of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
Father	Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
Mother	Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst
Born	30 November 1719(1719-11-30) Gotha, Germany
Died	8 February 1772 (aged 52) Carlton House, London
Burial	February 15, 1772 Westminster Abbey, London

Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha (30 November 1719 – 8 February 1772) was Princess of Wales between 1736 and 1751, and Dowager Princess of Wales thereafter. She was one of only three holders of the title who never became queen. Princess Augusta's eldest son succeeded as George III of the United Kingdom in 1760, as her husband, Frederick, Prince of Wales, had died nine years earlier.

Contents 1 Early life 2 Marriage 3 Kew Gardens 4 Titles, styles, honours and arms 4.1 Titles and styles 5 Issue 6 Legacy 7 External links 8 References

[edit] Early life

Princess Augusta was born in Gotha to Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1676-1732) and Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst (1676-1740). Her paternal grandfather was Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, eldest surviving son of Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Altenburg.

[edit] Marriage

At age 16 and speaking virtually no English, she arrived in Great Britain for a wedding ceremony which took place almost immediately, on 17 April 1736, at the Chapel Royal in St James's Palace, London. Despite a twelve-year age difference, the marriage seems to have been a happy one. They had nine children, the last born after Frederick's death. The birth of their first daughter, Princess Augusta Charlotte of Wales, on 31 August 1737, took place at St James's after Princess Augusta was forced by Frederick to travel from Hampton Court Palace while in labour, simply to prevent his hated parents, George II and Queen Caroline, from being present at the birth.

Throughout their marriage, Princess Augusta went along with her husband's wishes in the feud with his parents. Following the Prince of Wales' death, her role as mother of the heir-apparent to the throne became a more important one, and she was named prospective regent, which caused a political controversy. Shortly afterwards, she began to be influenced by John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, her son's tutor, and rumours spread that they were having an affair. This was due to her being adamant that Bute was visiting her, and not her son, during his back door visits to tutor the prince. Both were pilloried in the press. Even after George III's accession, Princess Augusta suffered widespread hostility from the public. After she died of cancer of the throat at age 52 at Carlton House, her funeral procession attracted troublemakers who followed the coffin to the grave shouting insults.

[edit] Kew Gardens

Princess Augusta enlarged and greatly extended Kew Gardens after her husband's death. Sir William Chambers built several garden structures for her. One of these, the lofty Chinese pagoda built in 1761, still remains.^[1]

[edit] Titles, styles, honours and arms

[edit] Titles and styles

• 30 November 1719 – 17 April 1736: Her Ducal Serene Highness Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
• 17 April 1736 – 30 March 1751: Her Royal Highness The Princess of Wales
• 31 March 1751–8 February 1772: Her Royal Highness The Dowager Princess of Wales

[edit] Issue

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
HRH Princess Augusta Charlotte of Wales	31 August 1737	31 March 1813	married 1764, Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick; had issue
HM George III	4 June 1738	29 January 1820	married 1761, Charlotte-Sophia, Duchess of Mecklenburg; had issue
HRH Edward, Duke of York	14 March 1739	17 September 1767
HRH Princess Elizabeth Caroline of Wales	30 December 1740	4 September 1759
HRH William, Duke of Gloucester	14 November 1743	25 August 1805	married 1766, Maria Waldegrave, Countess Waldegrave; had issue
HRH Henry, Duke of Cumberland	27 November 1745	18 September 1790	(an alleged marriage to Olive Wilmot in 1767 did not occur) married 1771, The Hon. Lady Anne Luttrell; no issue
HRH Princess Louisa Anne of Wales	8 March 1749	13 May 1768
HRH Prince Frederick William of Wales	13 May 1750	29 December 1765
HRH Princess Caroline Matilda of Wales	11 July 1751	10 May 1775	married 1766, Christian VII, King of Denmark, had issue

[edit] Legacy

• In the 1730s the settlement of Augusta, in the then-British colony of Georgia, was named in her honour.
• Augusta County, Virginia was also named in her honor.

[edit] External links

• A short profile of Augusta alongside other influential women of her time

[edit] References

1. ^ Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Augusta, Princess of Wales. Retrieved October 6, 2005.

• Henry Churchyard "Royal Genealogies, Part 10"
• Sam Sloan "Big Combined Family Trees (pafg733)"

Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha House of Wettin Born: 30 November 1719 Died: 8 February 1772
Peerage of Great Britain
Vacant Title last held by Caroline of Ansbach	Princess of Wales 1736 – 1751	Vacant Title next held by Caroline of Brunswick

v • d • e British princesses by marriage 1st generation Caroline, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland 2nd generation Augusta, Dowager Princess of Wales 3rd generation Maria, Duchess of Gloucester* · Anne, Duchess of Cumberland* 4th generation Caroline, Queen of the United Kingdom · Frederica Charlotte, Duchess of York · Adelaide, Queen of the United Kingdom · Victoria, Duchess of Kent · Frederica, Queen of Hanover · Augusta, Duchess of Cambridge 5th generation Marie, Queen of Hanover 6th generation Alexandra, Queen of the United Kingdom · Maria Alexandrovna, Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha · Louise Margaret, Duchess of Connaught · Helena, Duchess of Albany · Thyra, Crown Princess of Hanover 7th generation Mary, Queen of the United Kingdom · Victoria Adelaide, Duchess of Albany · Victoria Louise, Duchess of Brunswick 8th generation Elizabeth, Queen of the United Kingdom* · Alice, Duchess of Gloucester* · Marina, Duchess of Kent · Ortrud, Princess of Hanover · Monika, Princess of Hanover · Sophie, Princess George William of Hanover 9th generation Birgitte, Duchess of Gloucester* · Katharine, Duchess of Kent* · Marie-Christine, Princess Michael of Kent 10th generation Diana, Princess of Wales* · Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall* · Sarah, Duchess of York* · Sophie, Countess of Wessex* · *did not have a royal or noble title by birth

v • d • e Princesses of Wales Camilla (styled Duchess of Cornwall) Diana Spencer (1981–1996) · Mary of Teck (1901–1910) · Alexandra of Denmark (1863–1901) · Caroline of Brunswick (1795–1820) · Augusta of Saxe-Gotha (1736–1751) · Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1714–1727) · Catherine of Aragon (1501–1502) · Anne Neville (1470–1471) · Joan of Kent (1361–1376)