Lufthansa

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Lufthansa
IATA LH	ICAO DLH	Callsign LUFTHANSA
Founded		1926 (as Deutsche Luft Hansa Aktiengesellschaft), refounded 1954
Hubs		Frankfurt International Airport Munich Airport
Focus cities		Düsseldorf International Airport Hamburg International Airport
Frequent flyer program		Miles & More
Member lounge		HON / Senator Lounge
Alliance		Star Alliance
Fleet size		276 (+ 166 orders + 90 options); Lufthansa AG including subsidiaries: 531
Destinations		209 in 81 countries (by June 2008)
Company slogan		There's no better way to fly.
Headquarters		Cologne, Germany
Key people		Jürgen Weber (Head of Supervisory Board and former CEO), Wolfgang Mayrhuber(CEO), Stefan Lauer (), Stephan Gemkow (CFO)
Website: http://www.lufthansa.de/

Deutsche Lufthansa AG (ISIN: DE0008232125) (pronounced [ˈdɔɪtʃə ˈlʊfthanza]) is the largest airline in Europe in terms of overall passengers carried (second is Air France – KLM), and the flag carrier of Germany. The name of the company is derived from Luft (the German word for "air"), and Hansa (after Hanseatic League, the powerful medieval trading group).

The airline is the world's fifth largest airline in terms of overall passengers carried, operating services to 209 destinations in 81 countries. Together with its partners Lufthansa services over 410 destinations.^[1] It has the sixth-largest passenger airline fleet in the world, when combined with Lufthansa CityLine, Air Dolomiti, Eurowings, Germanwings, Augsburg Airways, Contact Air, and SWISS, operating 531 aircraft.

Lufthansa corporate headquarters is in Cologne, whereas its main base and primary traffic hub is at Frankfurt International Airport in Frankfurt am Main with a second hub at Munich International Airport.^[1]

Lufthansa is a founding member of Star Alliance, the world's largest airline alliance. Star Alliance was formed in 1997 together with Thai Airways, United Airlines, Air Canada and Scandinavian Airlines System. Star Alliance has now 20 member airlines and 3 regional members. The Lufthansa Group operates more than 500 aircraft and employs worldwide 105,261 people of 146 nationalities (31 December 2007). In 2007, 83.1 million passengers flew with Lufthansa including all subsidiaries.

Contents 1 History 2 Subsidiaries 3 History of the brand 4 Destinations 5 Fleet 6 Lufthansa's Vintage Aircraft Restoration 7 Cabin 7.1 Intercontinental 7.2 European Domestic 8 Lounges 8.1 First Class Terminal 9 Miles & More 10 Codeshare agreements 11 Accidents and incidents 12 Accessibility 13 See also 14 References 15 External links

[edit] History

The company was founded on 6 January 1926 in Berlin, following a merger between "Deutsche Aero Lloyd" (DAL) and "Junkers Luftverkehr".^[2] The company's original name was Deutsche Luft Hansa Aktiengesellschaft. Lufthansa in one word has been used since 1933. On December 9, 1927, Deutsche Luft Hansa, on behalf of the German government, established an agreement with the Spanish government authorizing an air service between the two countries. This included a capital investment to establish an air company that would eventually become Iberia.

In the years prior to World War II, the company pioneered routes to the Far East and across the North Atlantic and the South Atlantic, using a large fleet of mostly Dornier, Junkers, Heinkel, Focke-Wulf and other German-designed aircraft. After the outbreak of war in 1939, Lufthansa was only able to maintain service to neutral countries. Early in the war, along with the Italian Transcontinental Airline (Linee Aeree Transcontinentali Italiane, or LATI), the company competed vigorously in South America.^[3] However, all service was suspended by Lufthansa following Germany's defeat in 1945.

Lufthansa was recreated on 6 January 1953 as Aktiengesellschaft für Luftverkehrsbedarf (Luftag) and was renamed Deutsche Lufthansa Aktiengesellschaft on August 6, 1954. The "new" Lufthansa of 1953 is not the legal successor of the Lufthansa founded in 1926 and which existed during and before World War II. On 1 April 1955 Lufthansa resumed scheduled service within Germany. International operations started on 15 May 1955, with flights to points in Europe, followed by service to New York on 8 June using Lockheed Super Constellations. South Atlantic routes were resumed in August 1956.

East Germany attempted to establish its own airline in the 1950s using the Lufthansa name, but this resulted in a dispute with West Germany, where the airline was already in operation. East Germany renamed its national airline to Interflug, which ceased operations in 1991. Lufthansa was banned from flying into West Berlin until the demise of the SED regime.

In 1958, Lufthansa placed an order for four Boeing 707s, used to start jet services from Frankfurt to New York in March 1960. Boeing 720s were later bought to back up the 707 fleet. In February 1961, Far East routes were extended beyond Bangkok, Thailand to Hong Kong and Tokyo. The cities of Lagos, Nigeria and Johannesburg, South Africa were added in 1962.

Lufthansa introduced the Boeing 727 into service in 1964 and in May of that same year they began the Polar route from Frankfurt to Tokyo. In February 1965, the company placed an order for twenty-one Boeing 737 medium-haul jets, which were introduced into service in 1968.

Lufthansa was the first customer to purchase and also bought the largest number of Boeing 737 aircraft, and was one of only four buyers of the new 737-100s (the others were NASA, Malaysia-Singapore Airlines and Avianca – while the NASA airframe was technically the first constructed, it was the last delivered and originally intended for delivery to Lufthansa). In doing so, Lufthansa became the first foreign launch customer for a Boeing commercial plane.

The beginning of the wide-body era for Lufthansa was marked with the inaugural Boeing 747 flight on April 26, 1970. In 1971 Lufthansa began service to South America. In 1979, Lufthansa and Swissair were launch customers for the advanced new Airbus A310, with an order for twenty-five aircraft.

The company's major fleet renovation and modernization programme for the 1990s began on June 29, 1985 with an order for fifteen Airbus A320s and seven Airbus A300-600s. Ten Boeing 737-300s were ordered a few days later. All of the aircraft were delivered between 1987 and 1992. Lufthansa also bought Airbus A321, Airbus A340 and the Boeing 747-400.

Lufthansa headquarters in Cologne, Germany

Boeing 747-400

Airbus A340-600

Airbus A300-600

Airbus A319

Airbus A320

Airbus A321

Boeing 737-500

Avro RJ85

Bombardier CRJ200

Lufthansa adopted a new corporate identity in 1988. The fleet was given a new livery while cabins, city offices and airport lounges were redesigned.

On 28 October 1990, 25 days after reunification, Berlin became a Lufthansa destination again. On 18 May 1997 Lufthansa, Air Canada, Scandinavian Airlines, Thai Airways and United Airlines formed the Star Alliance, the world's first multilateral airline alliance.

In 2000 Air One became partner airline of Lufthansa and nearly all Air One flights are code-shared with Lufthansa. In June 2003, Lufthansa opened Terminal 2 at Munich's Franz Josef Strauß International Airport to relieve its main hub, Frankfurt, which was suffering from capacity constraints. It is one of the first terminals in Europe partially owned by an airline.

On 17 May 2004, Lufthansa became the launch customer for the Connexion by Boeing in-flight online connectivity service.

On 22 March 2005 SWISS merged with Lufthansa Airlines. The merger included the provision that the majority shareholders (the Swiss government and large Swiss companies) be offered payment if Lufthansa's share price outperforms an airline index during the years following the merger. The two companies will continue to be run separately.

On 6 December 2006, Lufthansa placed an order for 20 Boeing 747-8 airliners, becoming the launch customer of the type. The airline will also be the first European airline to operate the Airbus A380, expected in service in 2009.

Lufthansa is owned by private investors (88.52%), MGL Gesellschaft für Luftverkehrswerte (10.05%), Deutsche Postbank (1.03%) and Deutsche Bank (0.4%) and has 37,042 employees (at March 2007).^[1]

On December 14th Lufthansa and American low-cost airline Jetblue announced the beginning of a partnership initiated through the 19% stake purchase in Jetblue shares by Lufthansa. This is the first major ownership investment by a European carrier in an American carrier since the EU-US openskies agreement was announced last year and could trigger further investment by European airlines in the troubled US airline industry.

Lufthansa is a major advocate of consolidation in the European avaiation sector and apart from being the preferred partner for purchasing the Austrian governments majority stake in Austrian Airlines, it is also scheduled to take over BMI.

On August 28 2008 Lufthansa announced the intetention to aqcuire a 45% stake in Brussels Airlines. Two years later Lufthansa will have the option to acquire the remaining 55% of Brussels Airlines ^[4]

[edit] Subsidiaries

In addition to its main operation, Lufthansa has subsidiaries. The most important are:

• SunExpress, Airline based in Antalya, Turkey; 50% owned by Lufthansa (50% Turkish Airlines)
• Swiss International Air Lines, an airline based in Zurich, Switzerland owned by Lufthansa
• Lufthansa Cargo, flight logistics company
• Lufthansa Technik, aircraft maintenance providers
• Lufthansa Systems, largest European aviation IT provider
• Lufthansa Regional, a brand operated by an alliance of several small regional airlines, including Lufthansa CityLine
• Lufthansa CityLine, a regional carrier, wholly owned by Lufthansa
• Air Dolomiti, an airline based in Trieste, Italy
• Delvag, an insurance company specializing in air transport
• LSG Sky Chefs, the world's largest airline caterer, which accounts for one third of the world's airline meals
• Lufthansa Flight Training, a provider of flight crew training services to various airlines and the main training arm for the Airline's own pilots
• Condor, a charter carrier, of which Lufthansa holds 24.9%
• Lufthansa holds 13% of Luxair.
• 49% of Eurowings a regional carrier, which in turn has a full stake in Germanwings, a low-cost subsidiary operating short-haul point-to-point flights from a number of bases in Germany
• 30%, minus 1 share, of BMI, a UK airline
• Lufthansa has a 19% stake in JetBlue.^[5]
• Lufthansa Commercial Holding, containing over 400 service and finance companies of which Lufthansa holds shares

[edit] History of the brand

The Lufthansa logo, an encircled crane in flight, was created in 1918. It was part of the livery of the first German airline, Deutsche Luftreederei GmbH (DLR), which began air service on 5 February 1919. The stylised crane was designed by Professor Otto Firle. In 1926 Lufthansa adopted this symbol from Aero Lloyd AG, which merged with DLR in 1923. The original creator of the name Lufthansa is believed to be F.A. Fischer von Puturzyn. In 1925 he published a book entitled "Luft-Hansa" which examined the options open to aviation policymakers at the time. Luft Hansa was the name given to the new airline which resulted from the merger of Junkers Luftverkehr AG and Deutscher Aero Lloyd^[2].

[edit] Destinations

Further information: Lufthansa destinations

[edit] Fleet

Lufthansa Short Haul Fleet

Aircraft	Total	Passengers	Notes
Airbus A319	20 (11 orders)	126
Airbus A320	36 (14 orders)	142
Airbus A321	32 (30 orders)	182	Largest operator of the Airbus A321
Boeing 737-300	33	127	Exit from service: 2012
Boeing 737-500	30	111	Exit from service: 2010
Embraer 190	(30 orders)	About 100	Entry into service: 2009

Lufthansa Long Haul Fleet

Aircraft	Total	Passengers	Notes
Airbus A300-600	13	280
Airbus A330-300	14 (3 orders)	221
Airbus A340-300	28	247	Largest operator of the Airbus A340-300
Airbus A340-600	20 (4 orders)	306	Largest operator of the Airbus A340-600
Airbus A380-800	(15 orders) (10 options)	555	Entry into service: 2009
Boeing 747-400	30	344	Exit from Service: 2010-2012 Replacement aircraft: Boeing 747-8 Airbus A340-600 Airbus A380
Boeing 747-8	(20 orders) (20 options)	About 540	Launch customer Entry into service: 2010

Lufthansa Cityline Fleet

Aircraft	Total	Passengers
Avro RJ85	18	93
Bombardier CRJ100		50
Bombardier CRJ200		50
Bombardier CRJ700	20	70
Bombardier CRJ900	12 (15 orders)	84

Lufthansa Cargo Fleet

Aircraft	Total
McDonnell Douglas MD-11F	19

[edit] Lufthansa's Vintage Aircraft Restoration

Because Lufthansa has been consistently profitable, the company has been able to fund the restoration of its antique passenger planes. Decades ago, many airlines maintained a few examples of their antiques for marketing and public relations purposes, but years of losses forced them to abandon this activity, leaving it to luxury goods makers such as Breitling, or caffeine drink purveyor Red Bull, to restore aircraft as flying billboards.

Lufthansa Technik, the airline's maintenance arm, restored a Junkers JU-52 originally built in 1936, to airworthiness; this aircraft was a Lufthansa workhorse on the 10-hour Berlin to Rome route, across the Alps, in the 1930s. Lufthansa is now restoring a Lockheed Super Constellation,using parts from three such aircraft bought at auction. Lufthansa's Super Constellation "Starliners" used to serve routes such as Hamburg-Madrid-Dakar-Caracas-Santiago. Lufthansa Technik recruits retired employees and volunteers for skilled labor.^[6][7]Lufthansa sells air buffs rides on the restored airplanes. (See also List of airworthy Ju 52)

[edit] Cabin

[edit] Intercontinental

First Class: Lufthansa First Class is offered on Boeing 747, Airbus A330 and A340 aircraft. Each seat converts to a two meter bed, includes laptop power outlets, as well as entertainment facilities. Meals are available on demand. Lufthansa offers dedicated First Class check in counters at most airports, and offers dedicated First Class lounges in Frankfurt and Munich, as well as a dedicated First Class Terminal in Frankfurt.

Business Class: Lufthansa's long-haul Business Class is offered on all long-haul aircraft. Each seat converts to a two meter lie-flat bed, includes laptop power outlets and entertainment facilities. Lufthansa offers dedicated Business Class check in counters at all airports, as well as dedicated Business Class lounges at most airports, or contract lounges at other airports.

Economy Class: Lufthansa's long-haul Economy Class is offered on all long haul aircraft. Passengers receive meals, as well as complimentary beverages. In 2007, Lufthansa began installing personal Audio-Video-On-Demand (AVOD) screens in Economy Class. All A330-300 and A340-600 aircraft have been refitted, and the remaining long-haul A340-300 and 747-400 are slated for refitting beginning in October, 2008.

[edit] European Domestic

Business Class: Lufthansa's short-haul Business Class is offered on all A300, A319, A320, A321 and B737 aircraft. Passengers receive meals and beverages, as well as access to dedicated Business Class check-in counters, and Lufthansa Business Class lounges. Selected A300-600 aircraft have been refitted with older long-haul Business Class seats. These aircraft are used on selected medium-haul flights. Inflight entertainment is not offered on any short-haul flights.

Economy Class: Lufthansa's short-haul Economy Class is offered on all A300, A319, A320, A321 and B737 aircraft. Passengers receive complimentary beverages and snacks, or meals depending on flight time. Inflight entertainment is not offered on any short-haul flights.

[edit] Lounges

Lounge	Access - Class	Access - Status	Notes	Number on Network
First Class Terminal	First Class	HON Circle	FRA Only	1
First Class Lounge	First Class	HON Circle	FRA and MUC Only	3
Senator Lounge	First Class	Senator (or higher) Star Alliance Gold		30
Business Lounge	Business Class (or higher)	Frequent Traveler (or higher)		26

Lufthansa operates three types of lounges: First Class, Senator and Business Lounges. Each lounge is accessible both through travel class, or Miles and More / Star Alliance status.

[edit] First Class Terminal

Lufthansa operates a First Class Terminal at Frankfurt Airport. The first terminal of its kind, access is limited only to departing Lufthansa First Class, and HON Circle members. Approximately 200 staff care for approximately 300 passengers per day in the terminal, which features a full-service restaurant, full bar, cigar lounge, relaxation rooms and offices, as well as bath facilities. Guests are driven directly to their departing flight by Mercedes S-class, or Porsche Cayenne.

[edit] Miles & More

Lufthansa's Frequent Flier Program is called Miles & More, and is shared among several European airlines, including Austrian Airlines, LOT Polish Airlines, and Swiss International Air Lines. Miles & More members may earn miles on Lufthansa flights and Star Alliance partner flights, as well as through Lufthansa credit cards, and purchases made through the Lufthansa shops. Status within Miles & More is determined by miles flown during one calendar year, with varying status levels and varying privileges. Membership levels include Basic (no minimal threshold), Frequent Traveler (Silver, 35,000 mile threshold), Senator (Gold, 100,000 mile threshold, 130,000 for German residents), and HON Circle (Black, 600,000 mile threshold). All Miles & More status levels (excluding basic) permit lounge access and bonus miles, with the higher levels offering more exclusive benefits.

[edit] Codeshare agreements

Lufthansa has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:^[8]

Adria Airways* Aegean Airlines Air Astana Air Canada * Air China* Air India Air Malta Air New Zealand* All Nippon Airways* Air One Asiana Airlines*

Austrian Airlines* Blue1* BMI British Midland* Cimber Air Cirrus Airlines Condor Airlines Croatia Airlines* EgyptAir* Ethiopian Airlines Jat Airways

Jet Airways LOT Polish Airlines* Luxair Mexicana Qatar Airways Scandinavian Airlines System* Shanghai Airlines* Singapore Airlines* South African Airways* Spanair*

Swiss International Air Lines* TAM Airlines TAP Portugal* Thai Airways* Turkish Airlines* United Airlines* US Airways*

• *Star Alliance member

[edit] Accidents and incidents

• Hull-loss Accidents: 61 with a total of 282 fatalities^[9]
  • 11 January 1959 – a Lockheed L-1049G Super Constellation enroute from Hamburg, Germany crashed into the beach in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil while descending in heavy rain. 36 people died, 3 survived.
  • 28 January 1966 – Lufthansa Flight 005, a Convair CV 440 crashed on landing after an approach in bad weather and low visibility in Bremen, Germany. All 46 passengers and crew on board lost their lives.
  • 20 November 1974 – Lufthansa Flight 540, a Boeing 747-130 crashed shortly after take-off in Nairobi. 59 of 157 on board lost their lives. It was the first crash of a Boeing 747.
  • 26 July 1979 – Lufthansa Cargo Flight 527, a Boeing 707-330C crashed after take-off in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, killing 3 crew members.
  • 14 September 1993 – Lufthansa Flight 2904, an Airbus A320 coming from Frankfurt am Main to Warsaw, Poland with 70 people, overran ruway 11 and crashed into an earth embankment located 90 m beyond the end of the runway. The copilot and a passenger died. [2]
• Hijackings
  • 13 October 1977 – Lufthansa Flight 181, a Boeing 737, was hijacked and the captain murdered, but all other crew members and all the passengers were freed safely when a German counter-terrorism force (GSG 9) stormed the aircraft in Mogadishu, Somalia.
  • 13 February 1993 – A Lufthansa flight from Frankfurt to Cairo was hijacked by a 20-year old Ethiopian man who diverted it to the United States. The hijacker, who was allegedly seeking political asylum, surrendered to authorities upon arrival at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City.
• Other occurrences
  • 25 March 2007 – Lufthansa Flight 584, (SK3585/UA8910) enroute Frankfurt – Cairo made an emergency landing in Belgrade, Serbia due to smoke coming from one of the onboard cabin systems. 213 passengers and 11 crew were onboard the Airbus A300-600 aircraft with only one passenger needing to be treated for smoke inhalation and breathing difficulties.
  • 1 March 2008 – Lufthansa Flight 44, an Airbus A320 coming from Munich, while on final approach at Hamburg Airport was hit by strong crosswinds due to Storm Emma, causing the left wing tip to touch the runway. The pilots made a go around, and the plane landed safely on second approach on a different runway. None of the 131 passengers were injured. [3] ^[10]

[edit] Accessibility

Organisations for people with handicaps blame the Deutsche Lufthansa not to care enough for persons with reduced mobility. On European flights the Deutsche Lufthansa AG does not provide on-board wheelchairs in order to enable PRM's the transfer to the toilets. Neither can the toilets be reached, nor can they be accessed due to narrow toilet cabins. ^[11]

The company points out that they would be better equipped than competitors. Economical reasons cause airlines not to make toilets accessible says the speaker of the Deutsche Lufthansa Jan Bärwalde. ^[12]

[edit] See also

• Amadeus IT Group
• Air Dolomiti
• Augsburg Airways
• Brussels Airlines
• Contact Air
• Eurowings
• Lufthansa Cargo
• Lufthansa CityLine
• Interflug
• JetBlue Airways
• Lufthansa Heist
• SWISS
• Swissair
• Crossair
• History of Iberia Airlines
• Air Berlin
• SunExpress

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Lufthansa
• Lufthansa USA
• [http://online.wsj.com/article/SB121357457537975947.html?mod=hps_us_inside_today Lufthansa's Labor of Love: Restoring Some Really Old Junkers, Wall Street Journal, June 16, 2008
• [http://online.wsj.com/article/SB121319460970364371.html?mod=A-hed Engineering Veteran Plays a Vital Role In Plane's Rebirth, Wall Street Journal, June 16, 2008

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