Bagasse
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Bagasse (sometimes spelt bagass) is the biomass remaining after sugarcane or sorghum stalks are crushed to extract their juice [1] and is currently used as a renewable resource in the manufacture of paper and Celotex wall insulation.
Agave bagasse is a similar material which consists of the tissue of the blue agave after extraction of the sap.
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[edit] Production
A sugar factory produces nearly 30% of bagasse out of its total crushing.
[edit] Use
Many research efforts have attempted to use bagasse as a renewable feedstock for power generation and for the production of bio-based materials. One successful example has been to cultivate edible mushrooms, such as oyster or shiitake, on blocks or bags of chopped up bagasse.
[edit] Fuel
Bagasse is often used as a primary fuel source for sugar mills[2]; when burned in quantity, it produces sufficient heat energy to supply all the needs of a typical sugar mill, with energy to spare. To this end, a secondary use for this waste product is in cogeneration, the use of a fuel source to provide both heat energy, used in the mill, and electricity, which is typically sold on to the consumer electricity grid.
The resulting CO2 emissions are equal to the amount of CO2 that the sugarcane plant absorbed from the atmosphere during its growing phase, which makes the process of cogeneration greenhouse gas-neutral. Florida Crystals Corporation, one of America's largest sugar companies, owns and operates the largest biomass power plant in North America. The 140 MW facility uses bagasse and urban wood waste as fuel to generate enough energy to power its large milling and refining operations as well as supply enough renewable electricity for nearly 60,000 homes. The facility reduces dependence on oil by more than one million barrels per year.
Ethanol produced from the sugar in sugarcane is a popular fuel in Brazil. The cellulose rich bagasse is now being tested for production of commercial quantities of cellulosic ethanol. Verenium Corporation (VRNM) is currently building a cellulosic ethanol plant based on cellulosic by-products like bagasse in Jennings, Louisiana. They are using a biotech approach to improve ethanol production above and beyond the midwest corn based ethanol production method. This will allow regional cellulosic ethanol production getting around the problem of ethanol transportation. The Verenium approach will get ethanol and E85 fuel to the important markets in California and the Northeast.
[edit] Paper
Bagasse is also used as a tree-free alternative for making paper. This process requires no bleaching, is more biodegradable, easier to recycle, and overall has less impact on the environment.[citation needed] The Tamil Nadu Paper Mills at Pugalur, Trichy is the 2nd largest manufacturer out of bagasse in the world.
As in sugar production, the sludge left over after removing the cellulose fibers, is used to power the paper-mills. A number of commercial sites advertise such uses.[3][4][5][6]
[edit] Food containers
Bagasse is used to make insulated disposable food containers, replacing materials such as styrofoam, which are increasingly regarded as environmentally unacceptable (see styrofoam bans). Insulated disposable food containers made of bagasse are commercially available.[7].[8]
[edit] Medical problems
Workplace exposure to dusts from the processing of Bagasse can cause the chronic lung condition pulmonary fibrosis.
[edit] References
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- The Potential of Bagasse-Based Cogeneration in the US, Kevin Ho, Columbia University, 2006.
- Florida Crystals Biomass Power Plant
