The Walt Disney Company

The Walt Disney Company
Type	Public (NYSE: DIS)
Founded	Hollywood, California, USA; (October 16, 1923)
Founder	Walt and Roy Disney
Headquarters	The Walt Disney Studios; Burbank, California, USA
Key people	John E. Pepper, Jr. (Chairman); Robert Iger (CEO) & (President); Anne Sweeney (President, Disney-ABC Television Group and Co-Chair, Disney Media Networks)
Industry	Media and Entertainment
Market cap	US$ 57 billion (2008)
Revenue	▲ US$ 35.51 Billion (2007)
Operating income	▲ US$ 7.827 billion (2007)
Net income	▲ US$ 3.832 billion (2007)
Employees	137,000 (2008)
Divisions	ABC, ABC Family, ABC Kids, Walt Disney Distribution, Walt Disney Motion Pictures Group, Disney Channel, ESPN, Jetix, Walt Disney Studios, Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, Walt Disney Television Animation, Walt Disney Records, Walt Disney Pictures, Touchstone Pictures, Miramax Films, ABC Studios, Playhouse Disney, Disney Consumer Products, Pixar, Soapnet, Disney Interactive Studios, Muppets Holding Company, Disney Store, Toon Disney, New Horizon Interactive, and Hollywood Records
Website	Disney.com

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For other uses, see Disney (disambiguation).

The Walt Disney Company (NYSE: DIS) is the largest media and entertainment corporations in the world. Founded on October 16, 1923, by brothers Walt and Roy Disney as an animation studio, it has become one of the biggest Hollywood studios, and owner and licensor of eleven theme parks and several television networks, including ABC and ESPN. Disney's corporate headquarters and primary production facilities are located at The Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. The company is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.

[edit] Subsidiaries

See also: List of assets owned by Disney

See also: List of channels owned by Disney

[edit] Consumer products

[edit] Disney parks

The Walt Disney Company owns and operates a series of resorts around the world including the Walt Disney World Resort, the largest vacation resort in the world. These resorts are managed by the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts division. These are:

Tokyo Disney Resort is owned and operated by the Oriental Land Company with a license from The Walt Disney Company.

[edit] Timeline

[edit] Founding and early success (1922–1966)

Year	Notable Business Events	Notable Releases (See List of Disney feature films for complete film listing)
1923	Walt Disney signed a contract with M.J. Winkler to produce a series of Alice Comedies, beginning the Disney company under its original name Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, with brothers Walt and Roy Disney, as equal partners.^[1]
1924		First Alice comedy, Alice's Day at Sea, released.
1926	Company changed name to The Walt Disney Studio shortly after moving into the new studio on Hyperion Avenue in the Silver Lake district.
1927		Oswald the Lucky Rabbit debuts
1928	Walt loses the Oswald series contract	Mickey Mouse debuts in Plane Crazy Steamboat Willie
1929	On December 16, the original partnership formed in 1923 is replaced by Walt Disney Productions, Ltd. Three other companies, Walt Disney Enterprises, Disney Film Recording Company, and Liled Realty and Investment Company, are also formed.	The Skeleton Dance, the first Silly Symphony
1932		Flowers and Trees, first three-strip Technicolor short
1937		Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
1938	On September 29, Walt Disney Enterprises, Disney Film Recording Company, and Liled Realty and Investment Company are merged into Walt Disney Productions.
1940	Studio moves to Burbank, California	Pinocchio Fantasia
1941	A bitter animators' strike occurs The studio begins making morale-boosting propaganda films for the United States during World War II	Dumbo
1942		Bambi
1943		Saludos Amigos
1944	The company is short on money; a theatrical re-release of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs generates much-needed revenue and begins a reissue pattern for the animated feature films.
1945		The Three Caballeros
1946		Song of the South
1947	Signs their first independent studio, The Byrnest Studio in Orlando^{[citation needed]}
1949	The studio begins production on its first all-live action feature, Treasure Island	The True-Life Adventures series begins
1950		Cinderella
1951		Alice in Wonderland
1952	WED Enterprises is formed to design theme park
1953	Retlaw Enterprises is formed to control the rights to "Disney". It will later own and operate several attractions inside Disneyland, including the Monorail and the Disneyland Railroad. The studio founds Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures to distribute its feature films.	Peter Pan
1954	Beginning of the Wonderful World of Disney TV program
1955	Disneyland opens	Lady and the Tramp
1957	Walt Disney Productions goes public
1959		Sleeping Beauty
1961		One Hundred and One Dalmatians
1963		The Sword in the Stone
1964		Mary Poppins
1966	Walt Disney dies of lung cancer

[edit] After Walt Disney's death (1967-1983)

Year	Notable Business Events	Notable Releases (See List of Disney feature films for complete film listing)
1967	Construction begins on Walt Disney World Resort near Orlando, Florida; the underlying governmental structure, called the Reedy Creek Improvement District, is signed into law.	The Jungle Book
1968	The name Walt Disney Productions changed to Walt Disney Enterprises
1970		The Aristocats
1971	The Walt Disney World Resort opens Roy Oliver Disney dies; Donn Tatum becomes chairman and Card Walker becomes president	The Cat in the Hat Bedknobs and Broomsticks
1973		Robin Hood
1977	Walt's nephew Roy Edward Disney, resigns from the company citing a decline in overall product quality and issues with management.	The Rescuers
1980	The home video division is created. Disney's first co-production, with Paramount Pictures, is Popeye
1981	Plans for a cable network are announced. Dumbo is Disney's first animated feature released on video.	The Fox and the Hound
1982	Experimental Prototype Community Of Tomorrow (EPCOT) Center opens at Walt Disney World Resort Walt's son-in-law Ron W. Miller succeeds Card Walker as CEO.	Tron
1983	Disney Channel begins Tokyo Disneyland opens in Japan

[edit] Eisner era (1984–2004)

Year	Notable Business Events	Notable Releases (See List of Disney feature films for complete listing)
1984	Touchstone Films is created after the studio narrowly escapes a buyout attempt by Saul Steinberg, and releases its first film Splash. Roy Edward Disney and his business partner, Stanley Gold, remove Ron W. Miller as CEO and president, replacing him with Michael Eisner and Frank Wells. The Walt Disney Classics video collection starts up.
1985	The studio begins making cartoons for television beginning with Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears and The Wuzzles. The home video release of Pinocchio becomes a best-seller.	The Black Cauldron (Disney's first PG-rated animated film) Return To Oz
1986	The company's name is changed on February 6 from Walt Disney Productions to The Walt Disney Company. Disney's first R-rated film, Down and Out in Beverly Hills, is released under the Touchstone banner.	The Great Mouse Detective
1987	First Disney Store opens in Glendale, California. The company and the French government sign an agreement for the creation of the first Disney Resort in Europe: the Euro Disney project starts. The company opens up a Hall of Fame called Disney Legends with Fred MacMurray as the first induction.	The Brave Little Toaster
1988		Who Framed Roger Rabbit, from Touchstone Pictures and Amblin Entertainment Oliver & Company
1989	Disney offers a deal to buy Jim Henson's Muppets and have the famed puppeteer work with Disney resources. Disney-MGM Studios opens at Walt Disney World.	The Little Mermaid
1990	Jim Henson's death sours the deal to buy his holdings. The anthology series is canceled for the second time. The Disney Afternoon block debuts.	Dick Tracy, from Touchstone Pictures The Rescuers Down Under
1991		Beauty and the Beast, the only animated film nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.
1992	Euro Disney Resort opens outside Paris. The company is granted permission for a National Hockey League expansion franchise. The team is named the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim to coincide with the release of The Mighty Ducks.	Newsies Aladdin
1993	Disney acquires independent film distributor Miramax Films. Winnie the Pooh merchandise outsells Mickey Mouse merchandise for the first time. The policy of periodic theatrical re-issues ends with this year's re-issue of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, but is augmented for video.	The Nightmare Before Christmas
1994	Frank Wells is killed in a helicopter crash. Beauty and the Beast opens on broadway. Jeffrey Katzenberg resigns to co-found his own studio, DreamWorks SKG. Plans for Disney's America, a historical theme park in Haymarket, Virginia, are abruptly dropped. Euro Disneyland is renamed Disneyland Paris. The Classics video line is unofficially canceled and replaced with the Masterpiece Collection.	The Lion King^[4]
1995	In October, the company hires Hollywood super agent Michael Ovitz to be president. Disney purchases DiC Entertainment, and owned rights to shows, including Inspector Gadget (which eventually would be made into a live-action film in 1999) and dubbing of the first two seasons of Sailor Moon.	Toy Story (the first computer-animated feature film produced by Pixar Animation Studios) Pocahontas
1996	The company takes on the Disney Enterprises name and acquires the Capital Cities/ABC group, renaming it ABC, Inc. To celebrate the pairing, ABC's first Super Soap Weekend is held at Walt Disney World. Disney makes deal with Tokuma Shoten for dubbing and releasing of Studio Ghibli films in the U.S. In December, Michael Ovitz, president of the company, leaves "by mutual consent".	The Hunchback of Notre Dame
1997	The anthology series is revived again. The home video division releases its first DVDs. Disney takes control of the Major League Baseball franchise the California Angels of the American League, renaming the team the Anaheim Angels in order to coincide with Disney's hockey team the Mighty Ducks and to draw more tourism to Anaheim and nearby Disneyland.	Hercules
1998	Disney's Animal Kingdom opens. Kiki's Delivery Service is released on video. Disney Cruise Line sets sail with its first ship, the Disney Magic. Toon Disney begins.	Mulan A Bug's Life
1999	Disney Cruise Line ship Disney Wonder sets sail.	Tarzan Toy Story 2
2000	Robert Iger becomes president. Disney-owned TV channels are pulled from Time Warner Cable briefly during a dispute over carriage fees. Disney begins its Gold Classic Collection DVD line.	Fantasia 2000, released to IMAX theaters Dinosaur The Emperor's New Groove
2001	Disney's California Adventure and Tokyo DisneySea open to the public. Disney buys Fox Family Network for $3 billion in July, giving Disney programming and cable network reaching 81 million homes. Disney changes Fox Family Network to ABC Family. Fort Worth billionaire Sid Bass is forced to sell his Disney holdings due to a margin call caused partially by the stock market fall that followed the 9/11 attacks. The fact that Bass had bought his shares on margin was a shock when it was revealed. Losing Bass was a blow to Eisner; Bass was one of his major backers and had recruited Eisner to Disney. Disney begins its Platinum Edition DVD line with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, as well as the Walt Disney Treasures DVD box set line for the collector's market.	Atlantis: The Lost Empire Monsters, Inc.
2002	Walt Disney Studios Park opens near Disneyland Paris (renamed Disneyland Park). The entire area is now called Disneyland Resort Paris. Disney finishes negotiations to acquire Saban Entertainment, owner of children's entertainment juggernaut Power Rangers. Miramax acquires the USA rights to the Pokémon movies starting with the fourth movie. Disney teams up with famous video game company Squaresoft (later known as Square-Enix) to release their first ever role-playing game with various Disney characters, Kingdom Hearts. Disney releases Spirited Away in the United States, which goes on to be the first anime film to win an Oscar for Best Animated Film. Disney begins joint venture business with Sanrio for Sanrio's greeting cards.	Lilo & Stitch Treasure Planet
2003	Roy E. Disney resigns as the chairman of Feature Animation and from the board of directors, citing similar reasons to those that drove him off 26 years earlier. Fellow director Stanley Gold resigns with him. They establish a group called "Save Disney" to apply public pressure to oust Michael Eisner. Pixar ends distribution agreement with Disney.^[5] Disney buys the Power Ranger franchise from Saban.	Brother Bear Finding Nemo Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (the first film released under the Disney label with a PG-13 rating)
2004	Comcast makes an unsuccessful hostile bid for the company. Eisner is replaced by George J. Mitchell as chairman of the board after a 43% vote of no confidence. Disney turns down distributing controversial documentary film Fahrenheit 9/11, which ends up making $100 million. On February 17, Disney buys the Muppets, excluding the Sesame Street characters. Disney creates Jetix the children's block that mainly consists of Fox Kids shows and original programming on ABC Family and Toon Disney. Disney Store chain licensed to The Children's Place.	Home on the Range (Disney's last traditionally animated film) National Treasure The Incredibles Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories

[edit] Iger era (2005–Present)

Year	Notable Business Events	Notable Releases (See List of Disney feature films for complete listing)
2005	Disney sells the Anaheim Mighty Ducks to Henry Samueli of Broadcom On July 8, Roy E. Disney rejoins the company as a consultant with the title of Director Emeritus. Disneyland celebrates its 50th anniversary on July 17. Hong Kong Disneyland officially opens on September 12. Bob Iger replaces Michael Eisner as CEO.	Chicken Little The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
2006	Pixar is purchased Rights to Oswald the Lucky Rabbit are re-obtained from NBC Universal	High School Musical Hannah Montana Kingdom Hearts II Cars Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest
2007	Acquires Club Penguin	High School Musical 2 Meet the Robinsons Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End Ratatouille Enchanted National Treasure: Book of Secrets
2008	Disney Store chain is reacquired from The Children's Place	The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian WALL-E Camp Rock Hannah Montana & Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert

[edit] Senior Executive Management

Robert Iger (President and CEO)
Roy E. Disney (Consultant and Director)
Thomas O. Staggs (Senior Executive Vice President and CFO)
Alan N. Braverman (Senior Executive Vice President, General Counsel)
Dennis W. Shuler (Executive Vice President, Chief Human Resources Officer)
John Lasseter (Chief Creative Officer of Walt Disney Animation Studios and Pixar Animation Studios)
Zenia Mucha (Executive Vice President, Corporate Communications)

[edit] Current board of directors

Susan Arneld
John Bryson
John S. Chen
Judith Estrin
Robert Iger (CEO)
Steve Jobs
Fred Langhammer
Aylwin Lewis
Mónica Lozano
Robert Matschullat
John E. Pepper, Jr. (Chairman)
Orin C. Smith
Roy E. Disney (non-Voting Director Emeritus)

[edit] Chairmen of the Board

1945-1960: Walt Disney
1945-1971: Roy O. Disney (Co-Chair 1945-1960)
1971-1980: Donn Tatum
1980-1983: Card Walker
1983-1984: Raymond Watson
1984-2004: Michael Eisner
2004-2006: George J. Mitchell
2007-present: John E. Pepper, Jr.

[edit] Vice Chairman of the Board

1984-2003: Roy E. Disney
1999-2000: Sanford Litvack (Co-Vice Chair)

[edit] Chief Executive Officers

1968-1971: Roy O. Disney
1971-1976: Donn Tatum
1976-1983: Card Walker
1983-1984: Ron W. Miller
1984-2005: Michael Eisner
2005-present: Robert Iger

[edit] Criticism & conflict

Disney's media releases and company practices, have prompted action, including from activists, artists and causes around the world.

Religious groups, such as the Catholic League, have spoken out against the release of material which they and others found offensive, including vehement protests of the Miramax Films features Priest (1994) and Dogma (1999).^[6] Disney pushed back the release date for Dogma due to the controversy surrounding the movie, and eventually sold the distribution rights to Lions Gate Films. The ABC show Nothing Sacred, about a Jesuit priest, a children's book called Growing Up Gay (published by Disney-owned Hyperion Press), the annual Gay and Lesbian Days at Disney theme parks, and similar issues spurred boycotts of Disney and its advertisers by the Catholic League, the Assemblies of God, and other conservative groups.^[7]^[6]^[8]

The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) and the American Family Association voted to boycott Disney over opposition to the latter offering domestic partnership benefits to gay employees, the ABC show Ellen, in which Ellen DeGeneres' character came out as a lesbian, Disney ignored the boycotts, which failed. Both were withdrawn in 2005.^[9]^[10]

In 1995 an anti-abortion group, American Life League (ALL), alleged that several Disney films, including The Lion King, The Little Mermaid, and Aladdin, contained subliminal messages and sexual imagery.^[11]^[12] The latter allegation was later denied by Tom Sito, a Disney animator and a writer for The Lion King, said that the letters written in the dust were actually "S.F.X". It was intended to be an easter egg signature from the animation department, and that the controversy that followed was entirely unintentional.^[13]

Disney is one among several American companies lobbying for more stringent enforcement of intellectual property around the world and continued copyright term extensions, posing a perceived threat to the existence of the public domain.

The company has been accused of human rights violations regarding the working conditions in factories that produce their merchandise.^[14]^[15] It has been criticized also by animal welfare groups, for their care of and procedures for wild animals at Disney's Animal Kingdom theme park.^[16] and for using purebred dogs in movies such as 101 Dalmatians. Animal rights groups claim movies with purebreds create an artificial demand for purebreds from people who may not be prepared or temperamentally suited for the animals, many of whom end up abandoned or surrendered to shelters or rescue groups.^[17]

An environmental management plan for a zone of Great Guana Cay, in the Abaco Islands, criticized Disney for poor management of a 90-acre (36.4 ha) tract of the island. Disney partially developed but then abandoned the place, which was to have been a cruise ship resort called Treasure Island. The report, by the University of Miami and the College of the Bahamas, blames Disney for leaving hazardous materials, electrical transformers, and fuel tanks, and for introducing invasive alien plants and insects that threaten the natural flora and fauna of the island.^[18]

[edit] References

^ ^a ^b "Company History". Corporate Information. The Walt Disney Company. Retrieved on 2008-08-30.
^ "Company Profile for The Walt Disney Co (DIS)". Retrieved on 2008-09-30.
^ ^a ^b ^c "The Walt Disney Company 2007 Annual Report". The Walt Disney Company. Retrieved on 2008-08-30.
^ "Top 100 Animated Films @ Box Office". boxofficemojo.com. Retrieved on 2008-08-30.
^ "Pixar dumps Disney". CNN (2004-01-30). Retrieved on 2008-08-30.
^ ^a ^b "75 Organizations Asked To Join Showtime Boycott". Catalyst Online. Catholic League (2001-05-29). Retrieved on 2008-08-29.
^ "Disney Boycott Expands". Catalyst. Catholic League (October 1996). Retrieved on 2008-08-29.
^ "Petitions and Boycott Stir Disney". Catalyst Online. Catholic League (October 1997). Retrieved on 2008-08-29.
^ "Southern Baptists drop Disney boycott". Gay.com. PlanetOut Inc. (2005-06-22). Retrieved on 2008-08-29.
^ "Christian group calls off Disney boycott". Gay.com. PlanetOut Inc. (2005-05-24). Retrieved on 2008-08-29.
^ Ostman, Ronald E. (1996), "Disney and Its Conservative Critics: Images versus Realities", Journal of Popular Film and Television 24(2): 82
^ Smith, Leef (1995-09-01). "Disney's Loin King? Group Sees Dirt in the Dust", Washington Post. Retrieved on 2008-08-30.
^ Pinsky, Mark. The Gospel According to Disney: Faith, Trust, and Pixie Dust. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 0664225918.
^ "Beware of Mickey: Disney's Sweatshop in South China". Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations (2007-02-10). Archived from the original on 2007-02-10. Retrieved on 2008-08-30.
^ Staff writer (2001-06-20). "source Disney's duds are tops in sweatshop labour, Oxfam", CBC.com. Retrieved on 2008-08-30.
^ Drummond, Tammerlin (1998-04-20). "Caution: Live Animals", TIME. Retrieved on 2008-08-30.
^ Walton, Marsha (2003-06-30). "'Nemo' fans net fish warning". CNN.com. Retrieved on 2008-08-30.
^ Sullivan-Sealey, K; Cushion, N., Semon, K., Constantine, S. (2005). "Environmental Management Program for Baker’s Bay Club. Great Guana Cay, Abaco, Bahamas" (PDF). University of Miami. Retrieved on 2008-08-30.

[edit] See also

[edit] Books

Walt Disney: An American Original, Bob Thomas, 1976, revised 1994
The Story of Walt Disney, Diane Disney Miller & Pete Martin, 1957
Cult of the Mouse: Can We Stop Corporate Greed from Killing Innovation in America?, Henry M. Caroselli, 2004, Ten Speed Press, ISBN
The Disney Version: The Life, Times, Art and Commerce of Walt Disney, Richard Schickel, 1968, revised 1997, ISBN
The Man Behind the Magic; the Story of Walt Disney, Katherine & Richard Greene, 1991, revised 1998
Disney: The Mouse Betrayed, Peter Schweizer
Storming the Magic Kingdom: Wall Street, the raiders, and the battle for Disney, John Taylor, 1987, [1], [2], ISBN ISBN
Building a Company: Roy O. Disney and the Creation of an Entertainment Empire, Bob Thomas, 1998, ISBN
How to Read Donald Duck: Imperialist Ideology in the Disney Comic ISBN 0-88477-023-0 (Anti-Disney Marxist Critique) Ariel Dorfman, Armand Mattelart, David Kunzle
Donald Duck Joins Up; the Walt Disney Studio During World War II, Richard Shale, 1982
The Keys to the Kingdom: How Michael Eisner Lost His Grip, Kim Masters, 20, ISBN
Building a Dream; The Art of Disney Architecture, Beth Dunlop, 1996
Disneyization of Society: Alan Bryman, 2004, ISBN
DisneyWar, James B. Stewart, 2005, ISBN, ISBN
Married to the Mouse, Richard E. Foglesorg, Yale University Press.
Mouse Tracks: The Story of Walt Disney Records, Tim Hollis and Greg Ehrbar, 2006, ISBN
Mouse Tales: A Behind-the-Ears Look at Disneyland, David Koenig, 1994, revised 2005, ISBN 0-9640605-4-X
Inside the Dream: The Personal Story of Walt Disney, Katherine Greene & Richard Greene, 2001, ISBN
Team Rodent, Carl Hiassen.
Disneyana: Walt Disney Collectibles, Cecil Munsey, 1974

[edit] External links

Companies portal

[autogenerated1-0] "Company History". Corporate Information. The Walt Disney Company. Retrieved on 2008-08-30.

[zenobank-1] "Company Profile for The Walt Disney Co (DIS)". Retrieved on 2008-09-30.

[autogenerated2-2] "The Walt Disney Company 2007 Annual Report". The Walt Disney Company. Retrieved on 2008-08-30.

[3] "Top 100 Animated Films @ Box Office". boxofficemojo.com. Retrieved on 2008-08-30.

[4] "Pixar dumps Disney". CNN (2004-01-30). Retrieved on 2008-08-30.

[CL2001-5] "75 Organizations Asked To Join Showtime Boycott". Catalyst Online. Catholic League (2001-05-29). Retrieved on 2008-08-29.

[CL1996-6] "Disney Boycott Expands". Catalyst. Catholic League (October 1996). Retrieved on 2008-08-29.

[CL1997-7] "Petitions and Boycott Stir Disney". Catalyst Online. Catholic League (October 1997). Retrieved on 2008-08-29.

[8] "Southern Baptists drop Disney boycott". Gay.com. PlanetOut Inc. (2005-06-22). Retrieved on 2008-08-29.

[9] "Christian group calls off Disney boycott". Gay.com. PlanetOut Inc. (2005-05-24). Retrieved on 2008-08-29.

[ost-10] Ostman, Ronald E. (1996), "Disney and Its Conservative Critics: Images versus Realities", Journal of Popular Film and Television 24(2): 82

[post-11] Smith, Leef (1995-09-01). "Disney's Loin King? Group Sees Dirt in the Dust", Washington Post. Retrieved on 2008-08-30.

[12] Pinsky, Mark. The Gospel According to Disney: Faith, Trust, and Pixie Dust. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 0664225918.

[13] "Beware of Mickey: Disney's Sweatshop in South China". Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations (2007-02-10). Archived from the original on 2007-02-10. Retrieved on 2008-08-30.

[14] Staff writer (2001-06-20). "source Disney's duds are tops in sweatshop labour, Oxfam", CBC.com. Retrieved on 2008-08-30.

[15] Drummond, Tammerlin (1998-04-20). "Caution: Live Animals", TIME. Retrieved on 2008-08-30.

[16] Walton, Marsha (2003-06-30). "'Nemo' fans net fish warning". CNN.com. Retrieved on 2008-08-30.

[17] Sullivan-Sealey, K; Cushion, N., Semon, K., Constantine, S. (2005). "Environmental Management Program for Baker’s Bay Club. Great Guana Cay, Abaco, Bahamas" (PDF). University of Miami. Retrieved on 2008-08-30.

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