Mohamed ElBaradei

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Mohamed ElBaradei
محمد البرادعي
Mohamed ElBaradei
4th Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency
In office
December 1, 1997 – present
Preceded by Hans Blix
Born June 17, 1942 (1942-06-17) (age 66)
Cairo, Egypt
Nationality Egyptian
Alma mater University of Cairo
New York University School of Law
Religion Islam

Dr.Mohamed Mostafa El-Baradei (Arabic: محمد البرادعي, transliteration: Muḥammad al-Barādaʿī) (born June 17, 1942, in Cairo, Egypt) is the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), an inter-governmental organization under the auspices of the United Nations. ElBaradei and the IAEA were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005.

Contents

[edit] Early career

ElBaradei earned a Bachelor's degree in law from the University of Cairo in 1962, followed by a DEA degree in International Law at the Graduate Institute of International Studies HEI in Geneva and a Ph. D in International Law at the New York University School of Law in 1974. His diplomatic career began in 1964 in the Egyptian Ministry of External affairs, where he served in the Permanent Missions of Egypt to the United Nations in New York and in Geneva, in charge of political, legal, and arms control issues. From 1974 to 1978, he was a special assistant to the Egyptian Foreign Minister. In 1980, he became a senior fellow in charge of the international law program at the United Nations Institute for Training and Research. From 1981 to 1987, he was also an Adjunct Professor of International Law at New York University School of Law.

In 1984, ElBaradei became a senior staff member of the IAEA Secretariat, serving as the Agency's legal adviser (1984 to 1993) and Assistant Director General for External Relations (1993 to 1997).

ElBaradei is also a member of the International Law Association and the American Society of International Law. He is married to Aida Elkachef, an early childhood teacher. They have a daughter, Laila, a lawyer who lives in London with her husband, Neil Pizey, an investment banker. Mohamed and Aida also have a son, Mostafa, an IT manager based in Cairo.

[edit] Views and controversies

Dr. Mohamed ElBaradei with US Secretary of State Colin Powell on January 10, 2003.
Dr. Mohamed ElBaradei with US Secretary of State Colin Powell on January 10, 2003.

ElBaradei began serving as Director General of the IAEA on December 1, 1997. Controversy surrounded his election to a third four-year term in 2005, which was opposed primarily by the United States. ElBaradei had disputed the US rationale for the 2003 invasion of Iraq from the time of the 2002 Iraq disarmament crisis, when he, along with Hans Blix, led a team of UN weapons inspectors in Iraq. ElBaradei told the UN Security Council in March 2003 that documents purporting to show that Iraq had tried to acquire uranium from Niger were not authentic. The US failed to win enough support from other countries to oust ElBaradei. On 9 June, after a meeting between US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and ElBaradei, the US dropped its objections, and ElBaradei was unanimously re-appointed by the IAEA Board on 13 June.[1]

The US has also accused ElBaradei of having a lenient approach to Iran's nuclear program[2] after revelations that Iran had covered up substantial aspects of its nuclear program for nearly two decades and was continuing to develop a uranium enrichment capability. ElBaradei's response is that he works strictly within the mandate given to him by Member States. ElBaradei and the IAEA have also been criticized for failing to detect the activities of Pakistani scientist A Q Khan.[2]

On May 23, 2007, the IAEA issued a report, timed to coincide with the expiration of a Security Council deadline for Tehran, that Iran continued to defy UN Security Council demands to halt uranium enrichment and had in fact expanded such work. [3] The IAEA added that the UN nuclear agency's ability to monitor nuclear activities in Iran had declined due to lack of access to sites.

In November 2007, Israeli Deputy Prime Minister Shaul Mofaz called for ElBaradei to be sacked, saying "The policies followed by ElBaradei endanger world peace. His irresponsible attitude of sticking his head in the sand over Iran's nuclear programme should lead to his impeachment."[4]

In December 2007, a new US National Intelligence Estimate concluded that there had been no on-going nuclear weapons program in Iran since the fall of 2003. ElBaradei noted that the Estimate tallied with the Agency's consistent statements over the last few years. Although Iran still needed to clarify some important aspects of its past and present nuclear activities, the Agency had no concrete evidence of an ongoing nuclear weapons program or undeclared nuclear facilities in Iran, he added.[5]

In February 2008, after the Agency's latest report on Iran's nuclear programme, commentators Ray Takeyh and Joseph Cirincione wrote in the Financial Times: "The point that Mr ElBaradei's critics miss is that he is judiciously achieving the goals that they seemingly desire - the disarmament of the Islamic Republic."[6]

They added: "Instead of sanctions, the west should appreciate that a nuanced diplomacy of reconciliation could both regulate Iran's nuclear programme and help stabilise the Middle East. It is the much maligned Mr ElBaradei that has paved the way for success."[6]

However, that same month a Wall Street Journal editorial accused ElBaradei of being "a deeply political figure, animated by antipathy for the West and for Israel on what has increasingly become a single-minded crusade to rescue favored regimes from charges of proliferation," and repeated claims from earlier press reports that Elbaradei has repeatedly attempted to remove content harmful to Iran from his reports and pressured IAEA officials to follow suit.[7]

In a statement to the IAEA's Board of Governors on 2 June 2008, ElBaradei noted that the Agency had now been engaged in the "intensive phase" of verifying Iran's nuclear programme for more than five years. "While substantial progress has been made in clarifying many of its aspects, particularly with regard to Iran's enrichment programme, it is essential that the Agency be able to reach a conclusion regarding the nature of Iran's programme at the earliest possible date. This depends primarily on Iran demonstrating the necessary transparency and providing full disclosure. I again urge Iran to be fully forthcoming in this regard." [8]

ElBaradei said it was "regrettable that we have not made the progress we had hoped for with respect to the one remaining major issue, namely clarification of the cluster of allegations and Secretariat questions relevant to possible military dimensions to Iran's nuclear programme. The so-called alleged studies remain a matter of serious concern."[8] Iran had not provided all the access to documents and individuals which the Agency had requested and had not provided the substantive explanations required to support its statements, the Director General said. He added: "Let me emphasize that the Agency currently has no information — apart from the uranium metal document — on the actual design or manufacture by Iran of nuclear material components, or of other key components, of a nuclear weapon. Likewise, the Agency has not seen indications of the actual use of nuclear material in connection with the alleged studies." [8]

[edit] Response to Kouchner statement on Iran

Responding to French Foreign Minister Bernard Kouchner warnings that the world had to be prepared for the possibility of war if Iran acquired atomic weapons, he characterized talk of attacking Iran as "hype", saying: "I would not talk about any use of force. There are rules on how to use force, and I would hope that everybody would have gotten the lesson after the Iraq situation, where 70,000 innocent civilians have lost their lives on the suspicion that a country has nuclear weapons." "We need to be cool," he said, adding: "We need not to hype the issue."[9] He further added "I do not believe at this stage that we are facing a clear and present danger that requires we go beyond diplomacy."[10]

[edit] 2005 Nobel Peace Prize

On October 7, 2005, ElBaradei and the IAEA itself were announced as joint recipients of the Nobel Peace Prize for their "efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way". ElBaradei donated all his winnings to building orphanages in his home city of Cairo. The IAEA's winnings are being spent on training scientists from developing countries to use nuclear techniques in combating cancer and malnutrition.

[edit] Other awards

ElBaradei has received many awards for his work as an international civil servant. These include:

ElBaradei has also received honorary doctoral degrees from: New York University; the University of Maryland; the American University in Cairo; the Free Mediterranean University (LUM) in Bari, Italy; Soka University of Japan; Tsinghua University of Beijing, the Polytechnic University of Bucharest, the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Konkuk University in Seoul, the University of Florence, the University of Buenos Aires, the National University of Cuyo in Argentina, Amherst College and Cairo University.

[edit] Quotes

In an op-ed piece on the dangers of nuclear proliferation, in the New York Times (February 12, 2004), ElBaradei stated:

"We must abandon the unworkable notion that it is morally reprehensible for some countries to pursue weapons of mass destruction, yet morally acceptable for others to rely on them for security - and indeed to continue to refine their capacities and postulate plans for their use."[11]

In the same article, ElBaradei stated:

"If the world does not change course, we risk self-destruction."[11]

In an interview with CNN in May 2007, Dr ElBaradei gave one of his sternest warnings against using military action against Iran -a state signatory to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Referring to "the extreme people who have extreme views" he said:

"...You do not want to give additional argument to some of the 'new crazies' who want to say let us go and bomb Iran"

[12]

In other comments on Iran, in an Oct. 22nd, 2007 interview with French newspaper Le Monde, ElBaradei said:

"I want to get people away from the idea that Iran will be a threat from tomorrow, and that we are faced right now with the issue of whether Iran should be bombed or allowed to have the bomb. We are not at all in that situation. Iraq is a glaring example of how, in many cases, the use of force exacerbates the problem rather than solving it."[13]

[edit] References

  1. ^ "US agrees to back UN nuclear head", BBC News (9 June 2005). Retrieved on 2008-06-21. 
  2. ^ a b Maddox, Bronwen (October 8, 2005). "Gong for dubious level of achievement", The Times. Retrieved on 2008-06-21. 
  3. ^ http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2005/8/19C76894-2A3A-49D7-96A5-02039F66FD20.html
  4. ^ "Israel minister: Sack ElBaradei", BBC News (8 November 2007). Retrieved on 2008-06-21. 
  5. ^ ElBaradei, Mohamed. "Statement by IAEA Director General on New U.S. Intelligence Estimate on Iran" (in 4 December 2007). IAEA Press Releases. Retrieved on 2008-06-21.
  6. ^ a b "ElBaradei is quietly managing to disarm Iran", Financial Times (February 27 2008). Retrieved on 2008-06-21. 
  7. ^ "ElBaradei's Real Agenda", Wall Street Journal (February 25, 2008). Retrieved on 2008-06-21. 
  8. ^ a b c ElBaradei, Mohamed (2 June 2008). "Introductory Statement to the Board of Governors". IAEA Statements of the Director General. Retrieved on 2008-06-21.
  9. ^ IAEA boss warns against Iran attack UK Press Google, accessed September 22, 2007.
  10. ^ ElBaradei concerned over Iran row, BBC News, Sep. 17, 2007
  11. ^ a b ElBaradei, Mohamed (2004-12-02). "Saving Ourselves from Self Destruction". IAEA. Retrieved on 2008-06-21.
  12. ^ "Transcript of Interview with IAEA Director General Mohamed ElBaradei". CNN Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer (28 October 2007). Retrieved on 2008-06-21.
  13. ^ Boyle, Jon (October 22, 2007). "Iran seen to need 3-8 yrs to produce bomb", Reuters. Retrieved on 2008-06-21. 

[edit] External links

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Preceded by
Hans Blix		 Director General of the IAEA
1997 – present		 Incumbent
v • d • e
Nobel Peace Prize laureates
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Persondata
NAME ElBaradei, Mohamed
ALTERNATIVE NAMES محمد البرادعي (Arabic)
SHORT DESCRIPTION Egyptian diplomat and the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency
DATE OF BIRTH June 17, 1942
PLACE OF BIRTH Egypt
DATE OF DEATH living
PLACE OF DEATH
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei"
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