Howard Deering Johnson
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Howard Deering Johnson (February 2, 1897 – June 20, 1972) was an entrepreneur, businessman, and the founder of an American chain of restaurants and motels under one company of the same name, Howard Johnson's.
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[edit] Early life
Howard Johnson was born in Boston, Massachusetts and only finished elementary school because he began to work in his father's cigar business. He served during World War I in the American Expeditionary Force in France. His father died and left him a business that was in debt. He ran the cigar store until 1924 when he liquidated it, but he could not erase the US$10,000 debt. He entered the restaurant industry in order to pay off what remained after he sold the cigar venture.[1]
In 1925, he bought a small soda shop in the Wollaston neighborhood of Quincy, Massachusetts. He enhanced the quality of the ice cream by buying a recipe from a pushcart vendor for $300. It doubled the butterfat of the product and used only natural flavorings. He used hand-cranked makers in his basement and by 1928 was grossing about $240,000 from ice cream sold in the store and nearby beaches.[2]
Johnson expanded operations by opening more stores and started selling food items such as hamburgers and frankfurters at his original store. In 1929, he opened a second restaurant in Quincy. This sit-down outlet had a broader menu and laid the groundwork for future expansion.
In 1935, Howard Johnson teamed up with a local businessman, Reginald Sprague, and created the first modern restaurant franchise. The idea was new in that day - let an operator use the name, food, supplies, and logo, in exchange for a fee. The business of "HoJo" chain restaurants rapidly expanded and he also entered the lodging industry.
Howard Johnson had his two children also begin working in the business. His son (Howard Brennan Johnson) and daughter (Dorothy Johnson) beamed down together from highway billboards proclaiming that "We love our daddy's ice cream" at the time when they were six and eight years old respectively.[3]
[edit] Later life
Howard Johnson was married four times, enjoyed a 60 foot (18 m) yacht, and collected paintings. His hobby was "to talk and eat food." His favorite food was ice cream, which he stoutly - he was 205 pounds (93 kg) - maintained was "not fattening." He ate at least a cone a day, kept ten flavors in the freezers of his seven-room Manhattan penthouse and at his home in Milton, Massachusetts.[4]
He recalled that he had no interest or time for anything but building his business. “I think that [building the business] was my only form of recreation. I never played golf. I never played tennis. I never did anything after I left school. I ate, slept, and thought of nothing but the business.” [5]
Howard Johnson retired in 1959, leaving the company to his son, Howard Brennan ("Bud") Johnson. The older Johnson continued to monitor his restaurants for cleanliness and proper food preparation. He would be chauffeured in a black Cadillac bearing the license plate "HJ-28" (twenty-eight ice cream flavors) while performing unannounced inspections of the restaurants.[6]
Howard Johnson died in 1972, at age seventy-six, and the company he founded soon entered a rapidly changing marketplace and new competitors.
[edit] Legacy
His contribution to the restaurant industry was the idea of centralized buying and a commissary system to prepare menu items for distribution to his restaurants. This helped to insure a uniform consistency and quality, as well as lower costs. His company was at one time the largest commercial food supplier in the United States.
In 1999, Howard Johnson was inducted to the Hospitality Industry Hall of Honor, which recognizes the world’s most successful hospitality interests and most recognizable brands.[7]
[edit] Business
Please see Howard Johnson's for the history of the business.
[edit] References
- ^ Boyett, Joseph H. (2001) The Guru Guide to Entrepreneurship: A Concise Guide to the Best Ideas from ... John Wiley and Sons, page 274.
- ^ Boyett, Joseph H. (2001) The Guru Guide to Entrepreneurship: A Concise Guide to the Best Ideas from ... John Wiley and Sons, page 275.
- ^ "Personalities" Time Magazine, April 03, 1964, retrieved on October 19, 2007.
- ^ Host of the Highways" Time Magazine September 5, 1960, retrieved on October 19, 2007.
- ^ Boyett, Joseph H. (2001) The Guru Guide to Entrepreneurship: A Concise Guide to the Best Ideas from ... John Wiley and Sons, page 24.
- ^ Host of the Highways" Time Magazine September 5, 1960, retrieved on October 19, 2007.
- ^ Howard Dearing Johnson page at the Conrad N. Hilton College at the University of Houston, retrieved on October 19, 2007.
- William “Rick” Crandall, Christopher Ziemnowicz, and John A. Parnell, "The Growth and Demise of the Howard Johnson’s Restaurant Chain: A Schumpeterian Perspective", Published in the Proceedings of the Southern Management Association Meeting, Charleston, SC., November 2005.
- Brian Miller, "Profile of Howard Deering Johnson: The Man Under the Orange Roof", Published by the International Council on Hotel, Restaurant and Institutional Education, 2810 North Parham, Suite 230, Richmond, Virginia USA 23294.
[edit] External links
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Johnson, Howard Deering |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | entrepreneur, restaurant and hotel industry executive |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 2, 1897 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Boston, Massachusetts |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 20, 1972 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Milton, Massachusetts |
