1854

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Centuries:	18th century - 19th century - 20th century
Decades:	1820s  1830s  1840s  - 1850s -  1860s  1870s  1880s
Years:	1851 1852 1853 - 1854 - 1855 1856 1857

1854 in topic:

Subjects:     Archaeology - Architecture -

Art - Literature (Poetry) - Music - Science

Sports - Rail Transport

Countries:     Australia - Canada - France - Germany - Ireland - Mexico - New Zealand - Norway - South Africa - UK - USA

Leaders:   State leaders - Colonial governors

Category: Establishments - Disestablishments

Births - Deaths - Works v • d • e

Year 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).

Contents 1 Events of 1854 1.1 January - June 1.2 July - December 1.3 Undated 1.4 Ongoing events 2 Births 2.1 January - June 2.2 July - December 3 Deaths 3.1 January - June

[edit] Events of 1854

[edit] January - June

• January 21 - The RMS Tayleur is lost; 380 drown (a disaster later dubbed "the first Titanic").
• January 3 - Charles Dickens commences writing the novel Hard Times.
• February 11 - Major streets are lit by coal gas for the first time.
• February 13 - Mexican troops force William Walker and his troops to retreat to Sonora.
• February 14 - Texas is linked by telegraph with the rest of the United States, when a connection between New Orleans and Marshall, Texas is completed.
• February 17 - The British recognize the independence of the Orange Free State; its official independence is declared 6 days later.
• February 27 - Britain sends Russia an ultimatum to withdraw from two Ottoman provinces it had conquered, Moldavia and Wallachia.
• February 28 - The Republican Party (United States) is founded in Ripon, Wisconsin.
• March 1 - German psychologist Friedrich Eduard Beneke disappears; 2 years later his remains are found in the canal near Charlottenburg.
• March 3 - Australia's first telegraph line, linking Melbourne and Williamstown, opens.
• March 11- A Royal Navy fleet sails from Britain under Vice Admiral Sir Charles Napier.
• March 20 - The Boston Public Library opens to the public.
• March 27 - Crimean War: The United Kingdom declares war on Russia.
• March 28 - France declares war on Russia.
• March 31 - Commodore Matthew Perry of the U.S. Navy signs the Treaty/Convention of Kanagawa with the Japanese government (the Tokugawa Shogunate), opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade (see History of Japan).
• April 1 - Hard Times begins serialisation in Charles Dickens' magazine, Household Words.
• May 18 - The Catholic University of Ireland (forerunner of University College Dublin) is founded.
• May 27 - Taiping Rebellion: United States minister Robert McLane arrives at the Heavenly Capital aboard the USS Susquehanna.
• May 30 - The Kansas-Nebraska Act becomes law, rescinding the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and creating the Kansas Territory and Nebraska Territory. A provision that settlers will vote on slavery in the new territories leads to Bleeding Kansas violence, beginning the next year.
• June - The Grand Excursion takes prominent Eastern United States inhabitants from Chicago, Illinois to Rock Island, Illinois by railroad, then up the Mississippi River to St. Paul, Minnesota by steamboat.
• June 10 - The first class of the United States Naval Academy graduates at Annapolis, Maryland.
• June 21 - Battle of Bomarsund in Åland: Royal Navy mate Charles D. Lucas throws a live Russian artillery shell overboard by hand before it explodes, for which he is awarded the first retroactive Victoria Cross in 1857.

[edit] July - December

• July 6 - In Jackson, Michigan, the first convention of the U.S. Republican Party is held.
• August 16 - Russian troops in the island of Bomarsund in Åland surrender to French-British troops.
• September 20 - Crimean War - Alma: The French-British alliance wins the first battle of the war.
• October 1 - The watch company founded in 1850 in Roxbury, Massachusetts by Aaron Lufkin Dennison relocates to Waltham to become the Waltham Watch Company, pioneer in the American System of Watch Manufacturing.
• October 6 - The great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead is ignited by a spectacular explosion.
• October 17 - The Age newspaper is founded in Melbourne, Australia.
• October 21 - Florence Nightingale leaves for the Crimea with 38 other nurses.
• October 25 - Crimean War - Battle of Balaclava: The allies gain an overall victory, except for the disastrous cavalry Charge of the Light Brigade, from which only 200 of 700 men survive.
• November 5 - Crimean War - Battle of Inkerman: The Russians are defeated.
• November 17 - In Egypt, the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, is inaugurated in an elaborate ceremony.
• December 3 - The Eureka Stockade Miner's Rebellion breaks out in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia.
• December 8 - Pope Pius IX in the Papal Bull Ineffabilis Deus defines ex Cathedra the dogma of Immaculate Conception, which holds that the Blessed Virgin Mary was conceived without original sin.

[edit] Undated

.

• Ignacy Lukasiewicz drills the world's first oil well in Poland, in Bóbrka near Krosno.
• Frederick Augustus Albert succeeds to the throne of Saxony.
• Chemistry Professor Benjamin Silliman of Yale University is the first to fractionate petroleum by distillation.
• Abraham Pineo Gesner invents a process for extracting kerosene from coal.
• Said Pasha succeeds his nephew Abbas as pasha of Egypt.
• A Russian fort is established at the present site of Almaty.
• Aurora, Ontario is first settled.
• The Ambrotype is introduced for photography.
• An epidemic of cholera in London kills 10,000. Dr John Snow traces the source of one outbreak (the 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak that killed 500) to a single water pump, validating his theory that cholera is water-borne, and forming the starting point for epidemiology.
• The Iceland trade is opened to foreigners.
• The French fashion label Louis Vuitton was founded.
• Timex was founded in Waterbury.

[edit] Ongoing events

• Crimean War (1854-1856)
• Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864)

[edit] Births

1854 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1854 MDCCCLIV
Ab urbe condita	2607
Armenian calendar	1303 ԹՎ ՌՅԳ
Bahá'í calendar	10 – 11
Berber calendar	2804
Buddhist calendar	2398
Burmese calendar	1216
Byzantine calendar	7362 – 7363
Chinese calendar	癸丑年十二月初三日 (4490/4550-12-3) — to — 甲寅年十一月十二日 (4491/4551-11-12)
Coptic calendar	1570 – 1571
Ethiopian calendar	1846 – 1847
Hebrew calendar	5614 – 5615
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1909 – 1910
- Shaka Samvat	1776 – 1777
- Kali Yuga	4955 – 4956
Holocene calendar	11854
Iranian calendar	1232 – 1233
Islamic calendar	1270 – 1271
Japanese calendar	Kaei 7Ansei 1 (安政元年)
Korean calendar	4187
Thai solar calendar	2397
v • d • e

[edit] January - June

• January 18 - Thomas A. Watson, American telephone pioneer (d. 1934)
• February 17 - Friedrich Alfred Krupp, German industrialist (d. 1902)
• March 4 - Sir Napier Shaw, British meteorologist (d. 1945)
• March 8 - Ignacy Lukasiewicz, Polish pharmacist and inventor of the first method of distilling kerosene from seep oil, creator of the first oil lamp (d. 1882)
• March 10 - Sir Thomas MacKenzie, New Zealand Prime Minister and High Commissioner (d. 1930)
• March 14
  • Paul Ehrlich, German scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1915)
  • Thomas R. Marshall, Vice President of the United States (d. 1925)
• March 15 - Emil Adolf von Behring, German physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1917)
• April 22 - Henri La Fontaine, Belgian lawyer and activist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1943)
• April 29 - Henri Poincaré, French mathematician and physicist (d. 1912)
• May 11 - Albion Woodbury Small, American sociologist (d. 1926)
• May 24 - John Riley Banister, law officer, cowboy, and Texas Ranger (d. 1918)
• June 8 - Douglas Colin Cameron, Canadian politician (d. 1921)
• June 14- Dave Rudabaugh, outlaw and gunfighter (d. 1886)
• June 26 - Robert Laird Borden, eighth Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1937)

[edit] July - December

• July 3 - Leoš Janáček, Czech composer (d. 1928)
• July 7 - Nikolai Alexandrovich Morozov, Russian poet, scientist and revolutionary (d.1946)
• July 12 - George Eastman, American inventor (d. 1932)
• July 27 - Takahashi Korekiyo, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1936)
• August 2 - Milan I, King of Serbia (d. 1901)
• August 23 - Moritz Moszkowski, Polish/German composer (d. 1918)
• September 1 - Engelbert Humperdinck, German composer (d. 1921)
• September 6 - Georges Picquart, French general and Minister of War (d. 1914)
• October 16
  • Oscar Wilde, Irish writer (d. 1900)
  • Karl Kautsky, Marxist theoretician (d. 1938)
• October 26 - C. W. Post, American cereal manufacturer (d. 1914)
• October 20 - Arthur Rimbaud, French poet (d. 1891)
• November 5 - Paul Sabatier, French chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1941)
• November 6 - John Philip Sousa, American composer and conductor (d. 1932)
• November 17 - Hubert Lyautey, Marshal of France (d. 1934)
• November 21 - Pope Benedict XV (d. 1922)
• December 22 - Jokichi Takamine, Japanese chemist (d. 1922)
• December 23 - Victoriano Huerta, President of Mexico (d. 1916)
• December 24 - Thomas Stevens, English cyclist (d. 1935)

[edit] Deaths

[edit] January - June

• January 8 - William Carr Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford, British general and politician (b. 1768)
• February 17 - John Martin, English painter (b. 1789)
• March 6 - Charles William Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry (b. 1778)
• March 11 - Willard Richards, American religious leader (b. 1804)
• March 13 - Thomas Noon Talfourd, English jurist (b. 1795)
• March 27
  • William Bentinck, 4th Duke of Portland, politician (b. 1768)
  • Charles III, Duke of Parma (b. 1823)
• April - Domingo Eyzaguirre, Chilean philanthropist (b. 1775)
• April 11 - Karl Adolph von Basedow, German physician (b. 1799)
• April 15 - Arthur Aikin, English chemist and mineralogist (b. 1773)
• April 29 - Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey, British general (b. 1768)
• July 6 - Georg Ohm, German physicist
• July 16 - Abbas I, Pasha of Egypt (b. 1813)
• July 31 - Samuel Wilson, thought to be the real-life basis for Uncle Sam (b. 1813)
• August - Conquering Bear, Lakota chief
• August 9 - Frederick Augustus II of Saxony (b. 1797)
• September 8 - Angelo Mai, Italian cardinal and philologist (b. 1782)
• September 12 - Jarvis W. Pike, former Mayor of Columbus, Ohio
• October 26 - Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen, queen consort of Bavaria (b. 1792)
• November 25 - John Gibson Lockhart, Scottish writer (b. 1794)
• December 9 - Almeida Garrett, Portuguese writer (b. 1799)
• December 15 - Kamehameha III, King of Hawaii (b. 1814?)