Peter Mandelson

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Peter Mandelson
2nd European Commissioner for Trade
In office 22 November 2004 – present
Preceded by	Pascal Lamy
Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
In office 11 October 1999 – 24 January 2001
Prime Minister	Tony Blair
Preceded by	Mo Mowlam
Succeeded by	John Reid
Secretary of State for Trade and Industry
In office 27 July 1998 – 23 December 1998
Preceded by	Margaret Beckett
Succeeded by	Stephen Byers
Member of Parliament for Hartlepool
In office 9 April 1992 – 23 July 2004
Preceded by	Edward Leadbitter
Succeeded by	Iain Wright
Majority	22,506 (59.1%)
Born	12 October 1953 (1953-10-12) (age 54) South London, England
Political party	Labour

Peter Benjamin Mandelson, PC (born 21 October 1953) is the current British Commissioner of the European Union for Trade. Before taking this post, he was a British Labour politician, and served as Member of Parliament for Hartlepool for twelve years. He is widely regarded as one of the main architects of the modern Labour Party and its re-branding as "New Labour". He twice resigned from the cabinet of Tony Blair's government due to unproven charges of corruption. Before Labour came to power, he was author (with Roger Liddle) of The Blair Revolution (1996); more recently he contributed to the book The City in Europe and the World (2005).

Contents 1 Early life 1.1 Councillor 1.2 Television Producer 1.3 Joining the Labour Party 2 Member of Parliament 2.1 Shadow Cabinet 2.1.1 Support for Tony Blair 2.2 In government 2.3 First resignation 2.4 Second resignation 3 European Commission 4 Personal life 4.1 Recent controversies 4.2 Portrayals in popular culture 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External links 8 Offices held

[edit] Early life

Mandelson was born in London in 1953, where his father was the advertising manager at the Jewish Chronicle. On his mother's side, he is the grandson of Herbert Morrison, the London County Council leader and Labour cabinet minister.

He was educated at Hendon County Grammar School. In his youth, he briefly rebelled against his family's Labour tradition and in 1971 left the Labour Party Young Socialists (LPYS) to join the Young Communist League, then the youth wing of the Communist Party of Great Britain. This move was partly a result of disagreements with the Trotskyist Militant tendency that had just won a majority in the LPYS nationally.

[edit] Councillor

He read Philosophy, Politics and Economics at St Catherine's College, Oxford University (1973-1976) and, after returning to the Labour party, became director of the British Youth Council in the late 1970s. As BYC director, he was a delegate in 1978 to the Soviet-organised World Festival of Youth and Students in Havana, Cuba, with Arthur Scargill and several future Labour cabinet colleagues.^[1][2] He was elected to Lambeth Borough Council in September 1979, but retired in 1982, disillusioned with the state of Labour politics.

[edit] Television Producer

He worked as a television producer with London Weekend Television on Weekend World, where he formed a durable friendship with John Birt, then LWT's Director of Programmes, before his appointment as the Labour Party's Director of Communications in 1985. In this role he was one of the first people in Britain to whom the term "spin doctor" was applied; during this period he acquired the nickname "The Prince of Darkness" (originally coined in the satirical magazine Private Eye). In 1986 he ran the campaign at the Fulham by-election that saw Labour defeat the Conservative Party.

[edit] Joining the Labour Party

He managed Labour's widely admired but electorally unsuccessful 1987 general election campaign. During this campaign, the News of the World published a story about his private life based on the revelations of a former lover.

An apocryphal urban legend in the Labour Party says that Mandelson, visiting a fish and chip shop in his new constituency, saw the mushy peas and asked the proprietor about the "guacamole dip". However, the story has been traced to a question asked by an American trainee at the Knowsley North by-election of 1986, ^[3] and Neil Kinnock has admitted to being one of the people who applied it to Mandelson as a joke. A related story, reflecting claims that he was unpopular in the party, is that he once asked Gordon Brown for 10p to phone a friend. Brown told him: "Have 20p, then you can phone them both."^[4] (The same story has been told about Herbert Hoover asking Andrew Mellon for a nickel and David Lloyd George asking Winston Churchill for sixpence.)

[edit] Member of Parliament

He left the job in 1990, when he was selected as Labour candidate for the safe seat of Hartlepool. He was elected to the House of Commons at the 1992 general election. Although many commentators regarded the industrial northern town of Hartlepool as an unlikely place for the metropolitan and urbane Mandelson to represent, he came to enjoy his time there and built up a rapport with the town.

[edit] Shadow Cabinet

He made several notable speeches in which his strong support for the European Union was outlined. He was close to two Shadow Cabinet members, Gordon Brown and Tony Blair, both of whom were regarded as potential leaders. After John Smith's sudden death in 1994, Mandelson decided to back Blair for the leadership—believing him to be a superior communicator to Brown^[5]—and played a leading but initially secret role in the leadership campaign. This created lasting antagonism between Mandelson and Brown, who felt he had been betrayed.

[edit] Support for Tony Blair

Mandelson became a close ally and trusted adviser to Blair. He was a natural choice to be Labour's election campaign director for the 1997 general election, which Labour won by a landslide. After the election, Blair appointed him as a Minister without Portfolio in the Cabinet Office, where his job was to co-ordinate within government. A few months later, he also acquired responsibility for the Millennium Dome, after Blair decided to go ahead with the project despite the opposition of most of the Cabinet (including the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport who had been running it). Jennie Page, the Dome Chief Executive was abruptly sacked after a farcical opening night. She gave evidence to a House of Commons Select Committee for Culture and Heritage in June 2000. In what was seen as a reference to the close interest in the Dome from Mandelson, known at the time as so-called Minister for the Dome, and his successor Lord Falconer of Thoroton, Ms Page told the committee: I made several attempts to persuade ministers that standing back from the Dome would be good for them as well as good for the Dome.^[6].

[edit] In government

In 1998 Mandelson joined the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Trade and Industry.

[edit] First resignation

In December 1998 it was revealed that Mandelson had bought a home in Notting Hill in 1996 with the assistance of an interest-free loan of £373,000 from Geoffrey Robinson, a millionaire Labour MP who was also in the Government but was subject to an inquiry into his business dealings by Mandelson's department.^[7] Although Mandelson had deliberately not taken part in any decisions relating to Robinson, he knew he should have declared the loan as an interest, and he resigned on 23 December 1998.^[7] Mandelson had also not declared the loan to his building society although they decided not to take any action, with the CEO stating "I am satisfied that the information given to us at the time of the mortgage application was accurate."^[8]

Mandelson was out of the Cabinet for ten months. In October 1999 he was appointed Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, replacing Mo Mowlam. In his very first speech in the post he made a gaffe by referring to himself as the "Secretary of State for Ireland."^[9] During his tenure he oversaw the creation of the devolved legislative assembly and power-sharing executive, and reform of the police service.

[edit] Second resignation

In January 2001, it was claimed that Mandelson had phoned Home Office minister Mike O'Brien on behalf of Srichand Hinduja, an Indian businessman who was seeking British citizenship, and whose family firm was to become the main sponsor of the "Faith Zone" in the Millennium Dome. At the time, Hinduja and his brothers were under investigation by the Indian government for alleged involvement in the Bofors scandal. On 24 January 2001, Mandelson was sacked from the Government for a second time, insisting he had done nothing wrong. An independent enquiry by Sir Anthony Hammond came to the conclusion that neither Mandelson nor anyone else had acted improperly. The front page headline in one of the newspapers at the time read 'Passport to Oblivion'.

But the headline writers were somewhat premature. Mandelson was challenged by Arthur Scargill of the Socialist Labour Party and by another Left-winger at the 2001 general election, but was re-elected with a large majority. This prompted him to make an exuberant acceptance speech, which was televised live, in which he declared that "I am a fighter, not a quitter!" and referred to his "inner steel". Mandelson was much criticised for this speech which was regarded by opponents as inappropriate.

After the general election, Mandelson was chair of the Policy Network and the UK-Japan 21st century Group, a columnist for GQ and president of Hartlepool United FC.

[edit] European Commission

Despite his exoneration by the Hammond Inquiry, Mandelson's reappointment to the Cabinet seemed politically difficult. He indicated his interest in becoming the United Kingdom's European Commissioner when the new Commission was established in 2004 (both of Britain's incumbents, Neil Kinnock and Chris Patten, were standing down). Appointment as a Commissioner would have required his resignation from Parliament and therefore a by-election in his constituency. While some were concerned that the seat would be difficult for the government to retain, Mandelson convinced his colleagues that Labour would perform well.

His appointment was announced in the summer and Mandelson resigned his seat through appointment as Steward of the Manor of Northstead on 8 September 2004. His predictions about the state of play in the Hartlepool by-election proved accurate as Labour kept the seat with a majority of more than 2,000.

On 22 November 2004, Mandelson became Britain's European Commissioner for Trade. In April 2005, The Times revealed that Mandelson had spent New Year's Eve 2004 on the yacht of Paul Allen, the co-founder of Microsoft, which is at the centre of a major EU investigation, although it did not allege impropriety.

Mandelson played an important role in creating a dispute between the European Union and the People's Republic of China over textile imports in the summer of 2005, although it should be noted the solution, which involved tariffs and imports quotas, failed within its first two months (where textile retailers, knowing import limits were about to be introduced, had placed such large orders with Chinese producers that the entire annual import quota was exhausted in the first month of its operation and large volumes of orders were being held, indefinitely, in customs) and had to be renegotiated. The European Commission failed to anticipate this problem, which was compounded by its unwillingness to consult with retail stakeholders in advance of drawing up the Shanghai Agreement.

[edit] Personal life

During his first few months in government, Mandelson was the centre of a great deal of media attention when Matthew Parris (openly gay former MP and then Parliamentary sketch writer of The Times) mentioned during a live interview on Newsnight, in the wake of the resignation of Ron Davies, that "Peter Mandelson is certainly gay". Mandelson's homosexuality had been well-known but not widely publicised except on the front pages of the Sunday People, and Mandelson had not wanted it discussed.^[10] After Parris's remarks, the press felt free to discuss his personal life (in particular his relationship with the Brazilian Reinaldo Avila da Silva) to a much greater extent.

Mandelson's reputation may have been harmed rather than helped by the initial decision by his political adviser, Anne Sloman, to ban any mention of his private life on the BBC. It was suggested that the Director General of the BBC at the time, John Birt, had had a direct hand in the ban.

The popular BBC TV show Have I Got News For You refused to comply and discussed this matter in the public domain almost openly, for example Ian Hislop describing him as a "Home.....owner", which was picked up by Paul Merton, who replied, "What's wrong with gay people owning homes?"; and joking that they were forbidden to mention Mandelson's name or wear a pink shirt for the rest of the series.

Mandelson was famously named one of Blair's 'Jewish cabal' by Tam Dalyell, the Father of the House, in May 2003. In reply Mr Mandelson said: "Apart from the fact that I am not actually Jewish, I wear my father's parentage with pride." ^[11]

[edit] Recent controversies

In October 2006, Mandelson generated more controversy when asked what he thought of Jack Straw's remarks about Muslim women and the veil. Mandelson was overheard by a journalist to remark: "I have no doubt that Gordon Brown would agree with me that, for all his remarkable qualities, he would come over much better were he to agree to wear a veil. Gordon would be first to agree that he looks frankly pretty dreadful without his face covered up". ^[12]

In February 2007, the Daily Express reported that as EU Trade Commissioner Peter Mandelson “requested a luxury £80,000 Maserati as his official EU car”. The Express claims Louis Michel, the Belgian EU Commissioner, was the source of the story and that Jose Barroso, the President of the Commission, rejected the request saying EU taxpayers “would not understand” the justification behind an £80,000 car ^[13].

In March 2007 an interview made public by The Guardian revealed Mandelson to be critical of concessions Tony Blair made to Sinn Féin. ^[14]

[edit] Portrayals in popular culture

Mandelson features as a character in a play called TONY! The Blair Musical. In it, Mandelson is portrayed as a camp and somewhat predatory individual who is ultimately discarded by prime minister Tony Blair. In Channel 4's Rory Bremner comedy show, Mandelson was portrayed as a CGI character with a menacing laugh.

[edit] References

[edit] Further reading

• Jones, Nicholas (2000). Sultans of Spin: The Media and the New Labour Government. Orion Books. ISBN 0-75282-769-3.
• Macintyre, Donald (1999). Mandelson: The Biography. Harper Collins. ISBN 0-00-255943-9.
• Mandelson, Peter (2002). The Blair Revolution Revisited. Politico's. ISBN 1-84275-039-9.
• Rawnsley, Andrew (2001). Servants of the People: The Inside Story of New Labour. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-140-27850-8.
• Routledge, Paul (1999). Mandy: The Unauthorised Biography of Peter Mandelson. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-85175-X.
• Seldon, Anthony (2005). Blair. The Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-3212-7.

[edit] External links

• [1] Peter Mandelson's web page at europa.int
• [2] BBC profile of Peter Mandelson
• [3] Peter Mandelson named "protectionist of the month"
• [4] Peter Mandelson interview on sovereign wealth funds with PublicAffairsAsia
• [5] Annual Dinner of the British / Israel Chamber of Commerce

[edit] Offices held

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Edward Leadbitter	Member of Parliament for Hartlepool 1992–2004	Succeeded by Iain Wright
Preceded by Dennis Canavan	Steward of the Manor of Northstead 8 September 2004 – 4 June 2008	Succeeded by Boris Johnson
Political offices
Preceded by Margaret Beckett	Secretary of State for Trade and Industry 27 July–23 December 1998	Succeeded by Stephen Byers
Preceded by Mo Mowlam	Secretary of State for Northern Ireland 1999–2001	Succeeded by Dr John Reid
Preceded by Neil Kinnock Chris Patten jointly held position	European Commissioner 2004 - present	Incumbent
Preceded by Pascal Lamy	European Commissioner for Trade 2004 – present	Incumbent

v • d • e Barroso Commission (2004 – 2009) Joaquín Almunia · José Manuel Barroso1 · Jacques Barrot2 · Joe Borg · Stavros Dimas · Benita Ferrero-Waldner · Ján Figeľ · Franco Frattini2, 5 · Mariann Fischer Boel · Dalia Grybauskaitė · Danuta Hübner · Siim Kallas2 · László Kovács · Neelie Kroes · Meglena Kuneva3 · Markos Kyprianou4 · Peter Mandelson · Charlie McCreevy · Louis Michel · Leonard Orban3 · Andris Piebalgs · Janez Potočnik · Viviane Reding · Olli Rehn · Vladimír Špidla · Antonio Tajani2, 5 · Androulla Vasiliou4 · Günter Verheugen2 · Margot Wallström2 1 = President. 2 = Vice President. 3 = Served from 1 January 2007. 4 = Vasiliou replaced Kyprianou on 3 March 2008. 5 = Tajani replaced Frattini on 18 June 2008.

Persondata
NAME	Mandelson, Peter
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Prominent British Labour politician.
DATE OF BIRTH	October 12, 1953
PLACE OF BIRTH	South London, England
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH