Shawn Graham
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office October 3, 2006 |
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| Lieutenant Governor | Herménégilde Chiasson |
| Preceded by | Bernard Lord |
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| Born | February 22, 1968 Rexton, New Brunswick |
| Political party | Liberal |
| Spouse | Roxane Reeves |
Shawn Graham MLA (born February 22, 1968 in Rexton, New Brunswick, Canada) is a New Brunswick politician and is the current Premier of New Brunswick. After being trained as a school teacher, he worked for New Brunswick's civil service before being elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick in 1998. He was elected leader of the New Brunswick Liberal Party in 2002 and became premier after his party captured a majority of seats in the 2006 election. Since being elected, Graham has overseen a number of controversial "transformational" changes to provincial policy with the stated aim of making the province self-sufficient by 2026.
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[edit] Early career
Raised in a political family, Graham's father Alan was the longest ever serving member of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick; Shawn Graham was born the year after his father's first election.
Graham graduated from the University of New Brunswick, as an alumnus of both Harrison House and Neill House, after which he completed an education degree at St Thomas University in Fredericton. Though Graham was educated as a school teacher, he only taught as a substitute teacher before going to work for the province's civil service.
When his father resigned from the legislature in 1998, Shawn Graham was elected to replace him in a by-election. Following the general election of 1999, Graham's Liberal Party was reduced to 10 seats from 45, and by early 2001 to 7 following resignations of former cabinet ministers. This gave the young politician the chance to rise to prominence.[1]
[edit] Leadership campaign
Liberal leader Camille Theriault resigned in March 2001, and a leadership convention was set from May 2002. Few candidates emerged for this campaign and it appeared that former cabinet minister Paul Duffie would win virtually unopposed. Graham was urged to run, and eventually entered the race with the support of Greg Byrne, a previous leadership contender, and many of the supporters of Bernard Richard, also a former leadership contender and the interim leader following the resignation of Theriault.
Surprising many pundits, Graham was successful in taking a solid lead during delegate selection meetings in February and March 2002, and, as a result, Duffie dropped out of the race.[2] This left only fringe candidate Jack MacDougall in the race who Graham defeated by a 3 to 1 margin at the May convention.[3]
[edit] Toward the 2003 election
As leader, Graham was considered a lightweight by pundits and by the governing Progressive Conservative Party, and few gave him a chance in the coming election. Although Graham's Liberal Party of New Brunswick and the PCs were near each other in the polls, Graham was a relative unknown and trailed Premier Bernard Lord by significant margins when people were asked "who would you rather as premier?".
Graham surprised pundits again during the 2003 election, running an energetic campaign and winning 26 of 55 seats, just two short of the Conservatives, and coming within 1% of the Conservatives in the popular vote. Pundits said Graham and Lord had fought the English language debate to a draw, while they viewed Graham as the winner of the French debate; this was despite the fact that Lord was a francophone and that Graham's less than stellar command of French was viewed as one of his largest liabilities. Moreover, it was universally agreed by the punditry that the Liberals had controlled the agenda of the campaign, always keeping their three key issues: public automobile insurance, public health care and public power in the forefront of the agenda.
Graham often cited the fact that had 10 votes swung from the Conservatives to the Liberals in the riding of Kennebecasis there would have been a 27-27 tie which may have led to a Liberal minority government supported by the New Democrats whose one member would have held the balance of power. Graham was quoted on election night saying "until five minutes ago, I thought I was going to be premier".
[edit] Graham's leadership questioned
Despite his victories, the governing Tories and the media continued to view Graham as weak. Rumours suggested that Graham was being pressured to step aside in favour of either Mike Murphy, Kelly Lamrock or Andy Savoy.
Following a by-election victory by the Liberals on October 4, 2004, Graham took a more aggressive stance to dispel this belief. He named a new chief of staff and replaced a third of his staff on October 28, 2004 while pledging to defeat the government and force an election in the next session of the legislature. Graham's upward momentum continued when, in an opinion poll released on December 9, 2004, the Liberals expanded their lead over the Conservatives to 46% to 36%, but also, for the first time since Graham became leader, he was the preferred choice of New Brunswickers for premier beating the incumbent Bernard Lord 34% to 27%. A further poll some months later showed that Graham continued to hold a lead over Lord but by a smaller margin.
In the spring session of the legislature, Graham attempted to pass a snap motion of no confidence on during his speech on the budget. There was brief excitement on Liberal benches as less than half of the government caucus was present for Graham's speech, however the speaker ruled that the vote would be held along with the main budget motion at the end of the following week. Graham was criticised because when the vote was held two of his members were absent. Graham defended their absence arguing that, because New Democratic Party leader Elizabeth Weir was also absent, it was impossible to defeat the government, and he did not see the need to whip his members.
Graham's victory in a subsequent by election on November 14, 2005 as well as his continued lead in opinion polls led most to end their criticism of his leadership for a time. In 2006, however, following the brief minority government when Michael Malley left the government caucus for 6 weeks, Graham took a very aggressive stance towards forcing an election. A prolonged dispute over the functioning of legislature was undertaken, crippling most of the business of the House. The media and, seemingly the public, largely blamed Graham and the Liberals for this and, for the first time in over 2 years, in June 2006 the PCs regained the lead in opinion polls and Lord took a double-digit lead in preference for Premier. These disappointing poll results for Liberals renewed questions in Graham's leadership.
[edit] Towards the 2006 election
Throughout the term that began following the 2003 election, Graham has worked hard to portray himself and his caucus as a "government-in-waiting". From the Lord government's introduction of controversial health reforms in the spring of 2004, Graham said he would force an election at his earliest opportunity.
His strategy was to focus heavily on policy, and his party has introduced a record number of pieces of legislation for an opposition party. This is particularly remarkable because New Brunswick members of the legislature received no professional drafting staff to assist them in writing private members' bills at the time.
In addition to his legislative agenda, Graham and the Liberals launched a series of regional policy meetings culminating in a policy convention in the fall of 2005. Graham also convened a meeting of all of the Liberal leaders of Atlantic Canada to discuss common policy objectives, engaged in several tours of the province on particular policy issues and took several trips to Ottawa to meet with federal ministers on various issues.
In early 2006, Graham set out on a tour of the northeast United States, Washington, D.C. and the Maritimes to promote New Brunswick as an "energy hub" and his idea of building a second reactor at the Point Lepreau Nuclear Generating Station.
On February 17, 2006, Bernard Lord's government was reduced to a minority when Michael Malley crossed the floor to sit as an independent. Graham said, if Malley would support the Liberals, he would have brought down the government on an April 7, 2006 budget vote forcing an early election. Malley was subsequently elected speaker however, creating an equality of government and opposition members; the April 7 vote came to a tie which was broken in favour of the government by Malley in accordance with tradition.
Following this, Malley rejoined the Conservative caucus from the speaker's chair. This created some controversy and Graham's Liberals held up some business in the House as a procedural stalement ensued for some weeks. Finally the Conservative and Liberal House Leaders signed an agreement on May 31, 2006 which laid out a detailed plan for the conduct of the business of the House and which seemingly guaranteed that the next election would be held on Lord's preferred date of October 15, 2007. This protracted procedural battle did not seem to go well for the Liberals when, in an opinion poll released on June 12, 2006 but conducted largely during the height of the procedural infighting, the Tories took the lead over the Liberals for the first time in any poll since August 2003 with a margin of 45% to 39% for Lord's Conservatives.
Graham named caucus member Rick Brewer to head up a task for on Petroleum Price Regulation, a policy which was brought forward by the Lord government on July 1, 2006 against strong opposition from the Liberals who argued Lord's regulation program would provide neither stability of price nor lower prices.
[edit] The election campaign
Bernard Lord announced on August 10, 2006 that an election would be held on September 18, 2006 due to the pending resignation of Peter Mesheau from the legislature that would have created another minority government.
Graham was somewhat caught off guard by the announcement and received notice while golfing.[4] Notwithstanding this, Graham had already started a campaign in earnest, having announced his energy platform on August 8[5] and having nominated several candidates already. With the election call, the party gave him the authority to appoint the 25 MLAs seeking re-election as candidates bringing the total number of nominated Liberal candidates to 30 of 55.[6] Graham said he would pursue education, economic development and energy as three key issues during the campaign.[7]
Graham stated that if he did not win the election, he would resign as Liberal leader.[8]
Graham won the 2006 election by taking 29 out of the 55 seats in the legislature despite narrowly trailing Lord in the popular vote.
[edit] Premier of New Brunswick
Graham was elected premier under a platform called the Charter for Change, he pledged to focus on "the three Es": energy, education and the economy. He also pledged to make the province self-sufficient, that is to no longer depend on federal equalization payments, by 2026.[9]
Though they won the election with a slight deficit in the popular vote, upon taking office, the Liberals surged in popularity. In December 2006, a poll showed the Liberals had surged to a lead of 65-27 in opinion polls,[10] thereafter polls have showed the Liberals ahead by a minimum of 17%.[11]
Graham's Liberals have maintained the lead in a number of polls despite having to "spend some political capital" on a number of controversial issues such as post-secondary education reform, French second-language education, a bailout of a credit union and the restructuring of the province's public health care administration.[12]
Graham has said that this has been done because to achieve self-sufficiency, the province must undergo transformational change.[13] Outstanding initiatives in this vein include a proposal for a massive overhaul of the province's taxation and a study of its local governance structures.[14][15]
[edit] Transition and day-one actions
On September 20, 2006, Graham appointed a transition team to begin to transfer power headed by Doug Tyler. Graham, as New Brunswick's 31st Premier, and the rest of the cabinet were sworn-in by Lieutenant-Governor Herménégilde Chiasson on October 3, 2006.
On his first day in office, Graham, as promised, acted on five campaign promises. His government cut the excise tax on gasoline by 3.8 cents per litre, moved nursing home payments from an assets-based test to an income-based test, provided students with a reduced tuition of $2000 for their first year in university, provided the City of Saint John with a memorandum of understanding to provide a third of required monies for the clean up of Saint John harbour and established separate ministers for Agriculture & Aquaculture, Fisheries, Housing and Seniors.[16] Additionally, on its first day in office, it pledged $2 million to assist in maintaining ferry service from Saint John to Digby, Nova Scotia.[17]
In addition to being Premier and Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs (a post often held by premiers in Canada), Graham took on the role of Minister of Wellness, Culture and Sport. Graham, who has a background in athletics competing in the 1985 Canada Games for New Brunswick in track and field, wanted to take the portfolio to ensure it was a priority in large part to fight childhood obesity in the province, which is the highest in the country.[18]
[edit] First year (2006-07)
On October 12, 2006, Graham announced several senior appointments. He appointed a president of NB Liquor and deputy ministers for the Department of Energy and the Department of Justice and Consumer Affairs to replace Conservative political appointees who had resigned when Graham took office. He also appointed former cabinet minister Bernard Thériault as his chief of staff and his former Opposition chief of staff Chris Baker to be secretary of the Policy and Priorities Committee of Cabinet.[19]
Early in its mandate, the government implemented increases to the amount of care received by nursing home and homecare clients. It also appointed Bernard Richard as Child and Youth Advocate, a position which had been vacant since its creation in 2005 as a result of a then-opposition Liberal-sponsored bill. In December 2006, the province announced an agreement with private auto insurance companies that would see some restructuring of regulations and an average decrease of 13.5% in insurance rates by March 1, 2007. The province also appointed several commissions to investigate larger issues: a Community Non-Profit Task Force,[20] a Self-Sufficiency Task Force[21] and a Commission on Post-Secondary Education.[22] The Liberals however cancelled a tax rebate on energy costs brought forward by the previous government which they had said they would maintain. The Liberals defended the move saying that the Conservatives had left the province's finances "in a downward spiral" and that the program was bad policy because it didn't encourage energy conservation.[23]
On March 13, 2007, Graham's Finance Minister Victor Boudreau introduced the government's first budget. While the budget was balanced, despite warnings months earlier from an independent auditor that the province was facing a massive deficit, and increased spending in priority areas,[24] it was criticized for having raised taxes. The opposition noted that this was the first increase to personal income taxes in the province since 1994 and contrasted it with the previous Conservative government which had lowered income taxes every year for their seven years in office. Boudreau defended the increases saying "we all enjoy lower taxes, but when the level of taxation is insufficient to ensure the continued provision of essential public services, it needs to be addressed."[25]
The spring of 2007 saw the Liberal majority grow by three; they added a seat when Chris Collins won a by-election in Moncton East, the seat vacated when Bernard Lord stepped down from provincial politics.[26] A short time later, Tory MLAs and spouses Wally Stiles and Joan MacAlpine-Stiles crossed the floor to give the Liberals 32 seats to 23 for the opposition.[27]
The report of the Self-Sufficiency Task Force was released in May will 91 recommendations covering 11 themes, 80 of which were to be acted upon within one year.[28]
The spring sitting of the legislature did not conclude until July, sitting a record 79 days and passing 74 pieces of legislation. During that time, Graham's government unveiled an education plan called When Kids Come First the stated aim of which is to build the best education system in Canada. The government began a refurbishment of its Point Lepreau Nuclear Generating Station, launched a feasibility study into building a second reactor there, and began projects to add 300 megawatts of wind power to the province's electric grid. It also invested $40 million into affordable housing and opened 125 new nursing home beds.[29] Additionally, Graham and his Environment Minister Roland Haché launched a Climate Change Action Plan, a five-year strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the province.[30]
Over the summer, a number of major economic projects were announced by Graham including a $1.7 billion potash mine near Sussex[31] and a $21.5 million steel fabrication plan and centre of excellence in Miramichi.[32][33]
In August, Graham hosted all 13 Canadian premiers and territorial leaders in Moncton as incoming chair of the Council of the Federation. The meeting focused on issues of energy[34] and climate change.[35]
In September, the report of the Commission on Post-Secondary Education was released. It contained a wide-number of recommendations meant to be considered together as a comprehensive reform package.[36] The authors indicated in their submission to government that:
- Due to the complexities and interrelationships involved, this is a document that cannot be easily scanned. Readers will need to spend time understanding the dynamics and relevance of the issues raised. At the risk of stating the obvious, the recommendations are also highly interrelated and should not be considered discrete advice. Such an approach could result in the essence of the report being misinterpreted.[37]
The day the report was presented to government, Post-Secondary Education Minister Ed Doherty was quoted at the top of a news release saying, "these are only recommendations from an independent commission and final decisions haven't been made yet by our government" and that government would take time to evaluate them before making any decisions.[38]
The most controversial proposal was to convert the Saint John campus of the University of New Brunswick, and the Edmundston and Shippagan campuses of the University of Moncton into "polytechnics." Controversy surrounded the Saint John school in particular. A month later the government said it would set aside the possibility of UNB Saint John losing its status as a 'university' and would refer the report to a working group for further study.[39] The government would go on to announce in January that UNBSJ would retain its liberal arts program and its association with UNB[40] and the working group reported back to government in May, with its findings and government's response being made public in June.[41]
[edit] Second year (2007-08)
Shortly after the first anniversary of his election, Graham shuffled his cabinet. He added two new ministers: outgoing speaker Eugene McGinley and Wally Stiles, who had crossed the floor to the Liberals several months prior. Five other ministers were affected by the shuffle. Two ministers who had multiple portfolios ceded some of their responsibilities: the premier ceded his responsibility for the Department of Wellness, Culture and Sport; and Finance Minister Victor Boudreau gave up responsibility for the Department of Local Government. Three other ministers, namely Hédard Albert, Carmel Robichaud and Mary Schryer changed portfolios, including a promotion for Schryer who moved from minister of state to full minister.[42] There was another minor adjustment to cabinet in January 2008 when Roly MacIntyre resigned from cabinet, his portfolios were taken on by other ministers in the cabinet.[43]
In January, Graham unveiled a new brand called Be... in this place to give a common look and feel to provincial activities. A new brand was the first recommendation of the Self-Sufficiency Task Force.[44] In February, the province unveiled its population growth strategy called Be Our Future setting out the plan to attract 100,000 new people to the province by 2026 as part of achieving self-sufficiency.
In March, the government tabled its second balanced budget which included record increases to the health and education budgets and a tuition freeze for students at the province's four public universities.[45]
In March and April, the province unveiled its plans for "transformational change" in healthcare. A dramatic change to the administration of the province's public healthcare moved the province from eight regional health authorities to two with a new crown corporation which will handle non-clinical functions on behalf of both authorities.[46] A new provincial health plan, was also launched with plans to invest over $154 million in addition to regular inflationary increases over four years. The plan included plans for new community health centres, broader addiction treatment services, HPV vacinations for school children, the introduction of midwifery to the public health system, enabling pharmacists to write some prescriptions and the hiring of 100 new doctors and 40 nurse practitioners.[47]
Much of the spring and summer of Graham's second year in office was dominated by the debate of French second-language programs. In February, a commission recommended that government should scrap early immersion in favour of a universal curriculum in elementary school which would see anglophone students learn in their mother tongue from kindergarten through Grade 4 and then all study French through an intensive program in Grade 5 before choosing between an immersion or non-immersion program. The commission said that this was the best route because under the existing model, over 93% of those students with special learning needs were being streamed into non-immersion classrooms,[48], though critics maintain the problem is a lack of the type of French-language resources that would enable more students to stay in immersion programmes.[citation needed] In March, Minister of Education Kelly Lamrock announced that the government would move forward with the recommendations for the reasons stated by the commissioners and because they felt the changes would further promote bilingualism by giving all students access to a quality second-language program arguing that the early immersion model had been implemented in a time when there was resistance to bilingualism and that it only worked well for small groups of students, not the large groups that were now interested in becoming bilingual.[49] There was considerable opposition to this move, including from the province's official languages commissioner and ombudsman.[50] The ombudsman was criticized in some quarters for "overstepping his bounds,"[51] while others felt his criticisms of the process were justified.[52] In June, the Court of Queen's Bench ruled on a case brought forward by opponents to the changes, the court ruled with the opponents on one ground that the government had implied that there would be two months of consultation on the commission report, when there had only been two weeks. Though the court ruled in favour of the government on two other grounds, it quashed the decision saying that the government could go forward with the changes as is but first must consult the public.[53] Following an additional six weeks of consultation, on August 5 the government announced a revised model to be implemented in September 2008, which would provide a "universal learning environment" including exposure to French culture from kindergarten through Grade 2 projected to start in 2009, an optional entry to immersion in Grade 3 projected to start in 2010, further French instruction for non-immersion students in grades 3 through 5 with another optional entry to late immersion in Grade 6.[54] The revised program has been generally well received.[55]
In June, the working group that had been appointed to review the Commission on Post-Secondary Education reported back to government. Graham announced that the government would forgo the recommendations about creating polytechnics, but would follow through on recommendations to greater integrate the universities and colleges in the province, and promised at least $90 million in new money.[56] In July, Graham committed $20 million to the restoration of the Petitcodiac River. The river system had been changed by the construction of a causeway in the 1960s.[57]
[edit] Third year (2008-09)
Graham began the third year of his mandate in October 2008.
From October 17 to 19, Graham attended the 12th Francophonie Summit in Quebec City to discuss four major issues: democracy and rule of law; economic governance and solidarity; environment (water management and forest management); and the French language. In addition to the official deliberations, New Brunswick helped organize a cultural event called Passion Francophonie which featured artists from Madagascar, France, Vietnam, Quebec, and New Brunswick; New Brunswick also hosted a breakfast for heads of government that featured New Brunswick food products.[58]
Graham participated in a Council of the Federation trade mission to China from November 2 to 7.[59] The mission yielded $75.5 million in new business for New Brunswick companies on its first full day in China.[60] A by-election was held in the conservative riding of New Maryland-Sunbury West on November 3, 2008. Although the Liberals increased their share of the vote by nearly 3%, they were unable to capture the riding.[61]
On November 12, Graham announced a second major cabinet shuffle. Two ministers - Eugene McGinley and Carmel Robichaud - were dropped from cabinet, while three new individuals joined the cabinet - Rick Brewer, Brian Kenny and Bernard LeBlanc. Three other ministers changed portfolios, including: Donald Arseneault, Ed Doherty and Wally Stiles.[62]
The third legislative session of Graham's government began with a throne speech on November 25, 2008. The speech focussed on "keeping commitments, carefully managing through the current economic downturn, and a renewed focus on and commitment to achieving self-sufficiency."[63]
On the second day of the session, Graham's government introduced a 100-page bill called the Modernization of Benefits and Obligations Act to change all provincial laws making same-sex common law couples equal to opposite-sex couples, in accordance with the M. v. H. decision of the Supreme Court of Canada in 1999. The previous Conservative government, in office from 1999 to 2006, did not introduce such legislation.[64]
On December 3, 2008, Graham's finance minister, Victor Boudreau, gave an economic and fiscal update in light of the economic situation. The statement indicated that the 2008-09 fiscal year would likely see a $285 million deficit, instead of the $19 million surplus that had been projected. In order to stimulate the economy, the government announced it would bring forward a two-year capital spending plan that would total more than $1.2 billion, including the largest capital budget in the province's history for 2009-10 to be tabled on December 9, 2008. Other measures announced to control spending and ensure economic growth in light of the economic situation were: a review of all government programs, providing capital to small, medium and large businesses, renewing a commitment to tax reform that will include "lowering personal and corporate income taxes".[65] Additionally, Boudreau indicated the salaries for members of the legislature would be frozen for one year "to lead by example."
[edit] References
- ^ Chisholm Pothier. "Graham's free ride comes to an end", Fredericton Daily Gleaner. April 1, 2002.
- ^ Chisholm Pothier. "Graham's free ride comes to an end", Fredericton Daily Gleaner. April 1, 2002.
- ^ Graham to guide Grits
- ^ CTV.ca | Bernard Lord sets N.B. election date for Sept. 18
- ^ [1]
- ^ Nathan White, 'It's do or die' time for leaders, New Brunswick Telegraph-Journal, page A2, August 11, 2006 [2]
- ^ The issues, Daily Gleaner, page A1, August 11, 2006 [3]
- ^ Carl Davies, LAST-CHANCE ELECTION, New Brunswick Telegraph-Journal, page A1, August 11, 2006
- ^ Charles Mandel. "From worst to first", New Brunswick Telegraph-Journal. August 9, 2006, page A1.
- ^ http://www.cra.ca/en/home/Newsroom/SupportForNBProvincialLiberalsSurges.aspx
- ^ http://www.cra.ca/site-cra/media/CRA/08-3%20NB%20Tables.pdf
- ^ New Brunswick Telegraph-Journal, "Graham's mid-tem". June 20, 2008, page A6.
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/pre/2007e1522pr.htm
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/fin/2008e0831fn.htm
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/pre/2007e1183pr.htm
- ^ First cabinet meeting / Lower gas prices, student grants, new government departments (06/10/03)
- ^ [4]
- ^ Daniel McHardie, Premier earmarks wellness as priority, Times & Transcript, page A1, October 25, 2006
- ^ Five senior government appointments announced (06/10/12)
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/pre/2006e1588pr.htm
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/sst/2007e0056tf.htm
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/pet/2007e0075pe.htm
- ^ N.B. Liberals cancel Tory tax rebate
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/fin/2007e0324fn.htm
- ^ [5]
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/elections/06prov/07mar05/07mar05provbyresults-e.asp
- ^ http://www.cbc.ca/canada/new-brunswick/story/2007/04/17/nb-floorcross.html
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/sst/2007e0567tf.htm
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/pre/2007e0884pr.htm
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/env/2007e0733ev.htm
- ^ http://www.cbc.ca/money/story/2007/07/20/potashnb.html
- ^ http://www.cbc.ca/canada/new-brunswick/story/2007/09/26/nb-steel-plant.html
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/pre/2007e1652pr.htm
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/pre/2007e1010pr.htm
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/env/2007e1011ev.htm
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/cpse/2007e1157cp.htm
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cpse-ceps/EN/docs/CEPNB_cahier_ang_LR.pdf
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/pet/2007e1159pe.htm
- ^ http://www.cbc.ca/canada/new-brunswick/story/2007/10/17/university-report.html
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/pre/2008e0119pr.htm
- ^ http://www.cbc.ca/canada/new-brunswick/story/2008/06/13/nb-post-sec-report.html
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/pre/2007e1402pr.htm
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/pre/2008e0033pr.htm
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/pre/2008e0114pr.htm
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/fin/2008e0328fn.htm
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/he/2008e0299he.htm
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/he/2008e0384he.htm
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/misc/2008e0242mi.htm
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/edu/2008e0310ed.htm
- ^ Ombudsman's report: http://www.gnb.ca/0073/PDF/FSLReport-e.pdf; Mary Moszynski, "Minister won't back down". Moncton Times & Transcript, March 26, 2008, page A3.
- ^ Moncton Times & Transcript, "Richard risks his credibility with review". April 5, 2008, page D9.
- ^ http://www.cbc.ca/canada/new-brunswick/story/2008/06/18/nb-richard-report.html
- ^ http://www.cbc.ca/canada/new-brunswick/story/2008/06/11/nb-immersion-decision.html; http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080611.wnbimmersion0611/BNStory/National/home
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/edu/2008e1124ed.htm
- ^ Marty Klinkenberg. "Education minister checks his ego at the door", New Brunswick Telegraph-Journal. August 6, 2008, page A1
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/pre/2008e0952pe.htm
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/pre/2008e0999ss.htm
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/iga/2008e1492ig.htm
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/pre/2008e1594pr.htm
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/bnb/2008e1623bn.htm
- ^ Stephen Llewellyn. "Jack Carr wins riding for Tories", Fredericton Daily Gleaner. November 4, 2008, page A1.
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/ex/2008e1667ex.htm
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/leg/2008e1727la.htm
- ^ Quentin Casey. "Government tables same-sex benefits bill," New Brunswick Telegraph-Journal. November 27, 2008, page A3.[6]
- ^ http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/fin/2008e1761fb.htm
- CBC News: Graham expects to win leadership, May 7, 2002
- Graham's bio as Premier
- Graham's bio as Leader of the Opposition
| Provincial Government of Shawn Graham | ||
| Cabinet Posts (4) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Predecessor | Office | Successor |
| Bernard Lord | President of the Executive Council (2006–) |
incumbent |
| Bernard Lord | Premier of New Brunswick (2006–) |
incumbent |
| Bernard Lord | Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs (2006–) |
incumbent |
| Percy Mockler | Minister of Wellness, Culture and Sport (2006–2007) |
Hédard Albert |
| Special Cabinet Responsibilities | ||
| Predecessor | Title | Successor |
| Bernard Lord | Minister responsible for the Premier's Council on the Status of Disabled Persons (2006–) |
incumbent |
| Preceded by Bernard Richard |
Opposition Leader in the New Brunswick Legislature 2002-2006 |
Succeeded by Bernard Lord |
| Leader of the New Brunswick Liberals 2002-present |
Incumbent | |
| Vacant
Title last held by
Alan R. Graham (Liberal) |
MLA for Kent 1998-present |
Incumbent |
| Preceded by Eric Allaby |
Chair of the Liberal caucus 1999-2002 |
Succeeded by Marcelle Mersereau |
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