György Kurtág
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György Kurtág (IPA: [ˈɟørɟ ˈkurtaːɡ]; born February 19, 1926) is a Romanian-born Hungarian composer of contemporary music.
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[edit] Biography
Kurtág was born to a Jewish family in Lugoj, Banat, not far from the birthplace of fellow Hungarian György Ligeti. Both young composers hoped to study with Béla Bartók in Budapest in 1945, but Bartók died in the United States and Kurtág went on to study piano, composition and chamber music with other teachers at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music in Budapest. Among his early works was a Korean Cantata, which expressed solidarity with the North Koreans in their War of 1950-1953, but he reached the age of thirty-three before he was willing to give any of his works opus numbers.
In the early 1950s the Communist regime in Hungary proscribed Bartók's later works, and immediately his music became a rallying call for artists taking a stand against authoritarianism. Also banned in Hungary until the mid-1950s was the music of Arnold Schoenberg, and middle and late-period Igor Stravinsky. To escape this pressure, Kurtág moved to France in 1957, studying music in Paris with Olivier Messiaen, Darius Milhaud and Max Deutsch. He also had consultations with the Hungarian art psychologist Marianne Stein, and it was her advice that would prove most influential on his future development. While in Paris he wrote his first String Quartet, designating it "opus 1" to mark a decisive break from his compositions to date. He returned to Budapest in 1958, stopping for a few days in Cologne, where he first heard recordings of Karlheinz Stockhausen's Gruppen and Ligeti's recent electronic music. This experience would also prove important in formulating his new compositional voice.
Kurtág was appointed professor of piano at the Liszt Academy, in 1967 and became professor of chamber music soon after; he officially retired from the Academy in 1986. During his time his pupils included the renowned pianists András Schiff and Zoltán Kocsis. Between 1993 and 1995 Kurtág was composer-in-residence at the Berlin Philharmonic, and his op. 33 Στηλη (Stele) was written for the orchestra.
[edit] Work
György Kurtág's musical language is highly individual, but it reflects several influences including J.S. Bach, Bartók, Berg, Beethoven, Olivier Messiaen, and Arnold Schoenberg. His wider influences range from Guillaume de Machaut, whose music he transcribed for piano, through French Gothic architecture to the plays of Samuel Beckett, the works of James Joyce, the novels of Dostoevsky and the writings of Goethe. He speaks Romanian, Hungarian, German, French, Russian, Ancient Greek and English, and his linguistic skills are evident in the texts he has set, which include Alexander Blok, Sappho, Friedrich Hölderlin, and Franz Kafka.
Many of Kurtág's compositions are for chamber groups. Messages of the late Miss R.V. Troussova op. 17 for soprano and chamber ensemble (on poems of Rimma Dalos) was premiered in Paris in 1981 and established his reputation, while the earlier chamber concerto for soprano and piano Sayings of Péter Bornemisza is also frequently performed. His quasi una fantasia... op. 27 no. 1, first performed in 1988, was the first of several works that exploited spatial effects, an interest that dates back to his encounter with Gruppen in 1958.
More recently Kurtág has written for symphonic forces. Among those who have performed his larger works is Simon Rattle, who programmed Grabstein für Stephan, which surrounds the audience with instruments, with Gustav Mahler's Second Symphony in a Vienna Philharmonic concert at the 1999 Salzburg Festival. This twelve minute work is an elegy for the singer, husband of Kurtág’s psychology teacher Marianne Stein.
Kurtág's music is published by Editio Musica Budapest.
[edit] Compositions
- op. 1 - String Quartet No. 1 (1959)
- op. 2 - Wind Quintett (1959)
- op. 3 - Eight Pieces for Piano (1960)
- op. 4 - Eight Duos for Violin and Cimbalom (1961)
- op. 5 - Signs for Viola (1961)
- op. 6 - Five Merrycate for Guitar (1962) - revoked, 1st and 3rd movement later published as
- op. 6c - Splinters for Cimbalom (1973)
- op. 6d - Splinters for Piano (1978)
- op. 7 - The Sayings of P. Bornemisza (1963-68), concerto for soprano and piano
- op. 8 - In Memory of a Winter Evening (1969), Four Fragments for Soprano, Violin and Cimbalom
- op. 9 - Four Capriccios (1969-70), for soprano and chamber ensemble
- op. 10 - 24 Antiphonae for Orchestra (1970-71), unfinished, only 1-3 composed
- op. 11 - Four Songs to Poems by János Pilinszky (1973-75), for bass voice and ensemble
- op. 12 - S. K. Remembrance Noise, Seven Songs to Poems by Deszö Tandori (1974-75), for soprano and violin
- op. 13 - Hommage a András Mihály (1977-1978), 12 microludes for string quartet
- op. 14 - Herdecker Eurhythmie (1979), for flute, violin, recitation and tenor-lira
- op. 14d - Bagatelles (1981), for flute, double-bass and piano
- op. 14e - Three Pieces (1979), for violin and piano
- op. 15b - The Little Predicament (1978), for piccolo, trombone and guitar
- op. 15c - Grabstein für Stephan (1989), for guitar and instrumental groups
- op. 15d - Hommage a R. Sch. (1990), for clarinet, viola, and piano
- op. 16 - Omaggio a Luigi Nono (to poems by Anna Akhmatova and R. Dalos) (1979), for mixed voices
- op. 17 - Messages of the Late R. V. Troussova (1976-80), for soprano and chamber ensemble
- op. 18 - Songs of Despair and Sorrow (1980-94), for mixed choir with instruments
- op. 19 - Scenes from a Novel (1981-82), for soprano, violin, double-bass and cimbalom
- op. 20 - Attila József Fragments (1981-82), for soprano
- op. 21 - Concerto for Piano and Orchestra (begun 1980), unfinished
- op. 22 - Seven Songs (1981), for soprano and cimbalom
- op. 23 - Eight Choruses to Poems by Deszö Tandori (1981-82, 1984), for mixed voices
- op. 24 - Kafka-Fragmente (1985-86), for soprano and violin
- op. 25 - Three Ancient Inscriptions (1986), for voice and piano
- op. 26 - Requiem for a Friend (1986-87), to Poems by Rimma Dalos, for soprano and piano
- op. 27/1 - ... quasi una fantasia ... (1987-88), for piano and chamber ensemble
- op. 27/2 - Double concerto (1989-90), for piano, violoncello and two chamber ensembles
- op. 28 - Officium Breve in Memoriam Andreae Szervánszky (1988-89), for string quartet
- op. 29 - Hölderlin: An... (A Fragment) (1988-89), for tenor and piano
- op. 30b - Samuel Beckett: What is the Word (1990-91), for recitation, mixed voices and chamber ensemble
- op. 31b - Ligatura-Message for Frances-Marie (The Answered Unanswered Question) (1989), for violoncello with two bows, 2 violins and celesta; or 2 violoncelli, 2 violins and celesta; or 2 organs and celesta
- op. 32 - Lebenslauf (1992), for 2 bassett horns and 2 pianos (tuned 1/4-tone apart)
- op. 33 - Stele (1994), for orchestra
- op. 34 - Messages (1991-96), for orchestra
- op. 34a - New Messages (1998-in progress), for orchestra
- op. 35a - Hölderlin-Gesänge (1993-97), for baritone
- op. 36 - ...pas à pas - nulle part... (poems by Beckett) (1993-98), for baritone, string trio and percussion
- op. 37 - Fragments from the Scrapbooks of Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1996), for soprano and instruments
- op. 38 - Three Pieces fro Clarinet and Cimbalom (1996)
- op. 38a - Three Other Pieces for Clarinet and Cimbalom (1996)
- op. 40 - Esterházy Péter: Franciskó és Pinta (Fragments) – Introduction to the Art of Belcanto (1999), for voice and piano/celesta
- op. 41 - Songs to Poems by Anna Achmatova (1997-in progress), for soprano and ensemble
- op. 42 - ...Concertante... (2005), for violin, viola and orchestra - winner of the 2006 Grawemeyer Award for Music Composition.
- op. 43 - Hipartita (2004), for violin
- op. 44 - Six Moments Musicaux (2005), for string quartet
Works wihout opus number:
- Viola Concerto (1954)
- Games (Játékok) (since 1973, 7 Volumes as of 2007), for piano
- In Memoriam György Zilcz (1975), for 2 trumpets, 2 trombones and tuba
- 13 Pieces for Cimbalom (1982), for 2 cimbaloms
- Transcriptions from Machaut to J.S. Bach (1985), for 4-hand and 6-hand piano and 2 pianos
- János Pilinsky: Gérard de Nerval (9186), for violoncello
- 3 In Memoriam (1988-90), for 1-hand, 2-hand and 3-hand piano
- Ligatura E Versetti (1990), for organ
- Aus Der Ferne III (1991), for Alfred Schlee's 90th birthday, for string quartet
- Games and Messages for Winds (since 1984)
- Signs, Games and Messages for Strings (since 1989)
- Looking Back: Old and New for Four Players, Hommage à Stockhausen (1993), for trumpet, double-bass and keyboard instruments
- Miriam Marbé in Memoriam (1999), for three recorders
[edit] Awards
- Sonning Award (2003; Denmark)
- Grawemeyer Award (2006;U.S.)
[edit] External links
- Editio Musica Budapest (Kurtág's publisher)
