List of Presidents of Peru

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Peru

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Peru

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Established in the Constitution of 1993, the President of Peru, officially the President of the Republic (Presidente de la República), is the chief of state of Peru and represents the republic in official international matters. The presidential term is five years. Also, Peru does not allow an incumbent President to succeed himself, so the incumbent President is barred from running in the election. (A former president may run again in subsequent presidential elections). The current president is Alan García, elected in 2006.

Contents 1 History 2 Current living former presidents 3 Presidents of the Republic (1821-Present) 4 See also 5 References

[edit] History

During its more than 180 years of independence, Peru has been ruled by the military leaders who fought for independence, the leaders of the War of the Pacific, representatives of the aristocracy, and democratically-elected leaders. Also, the history of the presidency has involved civil wars, coups and violence. More than once, several individuals claimed the right to be president at the same time.

Different titles have been used, such as "Protector of Peru" (used by San Martin), "Liberator of Peru" (used by Bolivar) and "Supreme Protector" (by Santa Cruz).

The following table contains a list of the individuals who have served as president of Peru.

[edit] Current living former presidents

1. Francisco Morales Bermúdez (1975-1980)
2. Alberto Fujimori (1990-2000)
3. Alejandro Toledo (2001-2006)

[edit] Presidents of the Republic (1821-Present)

# Order		President	Inaugurated	Left office	Form of Entry	Title
1		José de San Martín	July 28, 1821	September 20, 1822	Indirect elections	Protector
-		Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro	September 20, 1822	September 22, 1822	Indirect elections	Interim caretaker
2		José La Mar	September 22, 1822	February 27, 1823	Elected by Congress	President of the Government Junta
-		José Bernardo de Tagle, Marquis of Torre-Tagle	February 27, 1823	February 28, 1823		Interim caretaker
3		José de la Riva Agüero	February 28, 1823	June 23, 1823	Elected by Congress
4		Antonio José de Sucre	June 23, 1823	July 17, 1823	Elected by Congress
5		José Bernardo de Tagle, Marquis of Torre-Tagle	July 17, 1823	February 17, 1824	Elected by Congress	Supreme Delegate
6		Simón Bolívar	February 17, 1824	January 28, 1827	Elected by Congress	Liberator of Peru
7		Andrés de Santa Cruz	January 28, 1827	June 9, 1827	Elected by Congress	President of the Government Council
-		Manuel Salazar y Baquíjano	June 9, 1827	August 22, 1827	Elected by Congress	Interim caretaker
8		José La Mar	August 22, 1827	June 7, 1829	Direct Elections
-		Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente	June 7, 1829	September 1, 1829	Coup d'état
9		Agustín Gamarra	September 1, 1829	December 20, 1833	Elected by Congress
-		Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro	December 20, 1833	December 21, 1833	Elected by Congress	Interim caretaker
10		Luis José de Orbegoso y Moncada	December 21, 1833	August 11, 1836	Elected by Congress
-		Pedro Pablo Bermúdez[1]	January 4, 1833	April 24, 1834	Coup d'état	Provisional Supreme Ruler
-		Felipe Santiago Salaverry[2]	February 23, 1835	February 7, 1836	Coup d'état	Supreme Legislator
-		Andrés de Santa Cruz[3]	August 11, 1836	August 25, 1838		Supreme Protector of the Confederation
11		Agustín Gamarra	August 25, 1838	November 18, 1841	Elected by Congress
-		Manuel Menéndez	November 18, 1841	August 16, 1842	Interim caretaker	President of the Government Council
-		Juan Crisóstomo Torrico	August 16, 1842	October 17, 1842	Coup d'état
-		Francisco Vidal[4]	October 17, 1842	March 15, 1843	Coup d'état
-		Justo Figuerola	March 15, 1843	March 20, 1843	Coup d'état
-		Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco	March 20, 1843	June 17, 1844	Selfproclaimed President
-		Domingo Nieto	March 20, 1843	February 17, 1844	Selfproclaimed President
-		Ramón Castilla	February 17, 1844	August 10, 1844	Elected in replace of Domingo Nieto
-		Domingo Elías	June 17, 1844	August 10, 1844	Selfproclaimed President
-		Manuel Menéndez	August 10, 1844	August 11, 1844	Interim caretaker	President of the Government Council
-		Justo Figuerola	August 11, 1844	October 7, 1844	Coup d'état
-		Manuel Menéndez	October 7, 1844	April 20, 1845	Interim caretaker	President of the Government Council
12		Ramón Castilla	April 20, 1845	April 20, 1851	Direct Elections
13		José Rufino Echenique	April 20, 1851	January 5, 1855	Direct Elections
14		Ramón Castilla	January 5, 1855	October 24, 1862	Coup d'état Direct Elections
15		Miguel de San Román	October 24, 1862	April 3, 1863	Direct Elections
-		Ramón Castilla	April 3, 1863	April 9, 1863	Revolution Selfproclaimed President
-		Pedro Diez Canseco	April 3, 1863	August 5, 1863	Interim caretaker	Second Vicepresident
16		Juan Antonio Pezet	August 5, 1863	April 25, 1865		First Vicepresident
-		Mariano Ignacio Prado	April 25, 1865	June 24, 1865	Coup d'état
17		Juan Antonio Pezet	June 24, 1865	November 8, 1865
-		Pedro Diez Canseco	November 8, 1865	November 28, 1865	Interim caretaker
18		Mariano Ignacio Prado	November 28, 1865	January 8, 1868	Direct Elections
-		Pedro Diez Canseco	January 8, 1868	August 2, 1868	Interim caretaker
19		José Balta	August 2, 1868	July 22, 1872	Direct Elections
-		Tomás Gutiérrez	July 22, 1872	July 26, 1872	Coup d'état	Supreme Leader of the Nation
-		Francisco Diez Canseco	July 26, 1872	July 27, 1872	Interim caretaker
-		Mariano Herencia Zevallos	July 27, 1872	August 2, 1872	Interim caretaker
20		Manuel Pardo	August 2, 1872	August 2, 1876	Direct Elections
21		Mariano Ignacio Prado	August 2, 1876	December 23, 1879	Direct Elections
-		Nicolás de Piérola	December 23, 1879	November 28, 1881	Coup d'état	Commander in Chief of the State
22		Francisco García Calderón	March 12, 1881	September 28, 1881	Elected by Congress Chilean Occupation (Lima)	Provisional President of the Republic
23		Lizardo Montero Flores	September 28, 1881	November 6, 1881	Elected by Congress Chilean Occupation (Arequipa)	Provisional President of the Republic
24		Andrés Avelino Cáceres	November 6, [[1881[clarify]]]	December 25, [[1882[clarify]]]	Selfproclaimed Chilean Occupation (Central Peru)	President of the Republic
-		Miguel Iglesias	November 6, [[1881[clarify]]]	December 25, [[1882[clarify]]]	Elected by Congress Chilean Occupation (Cajamarca)	Regenerator President of the Republic
-		Antonio Arenas	December 3, [[1885[clarify]]]	June 5, 1886	Interim caretaker	President of the Government Junta
25		Andrés Avelino Cáceres	June 5, 1886	August 10, 1890	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
26		Remigio Morales Bermúdez	August 10, 1890	April 1, 1894	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
-		Justiniano Borgoño	April 1, 1894	August 10, 1894	Interim caretaker	President of the Government Junta
27		Andrés Avelino Cáceres	August 10, 1894	March 20, 1895	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
-		Manuel Candamo	March 20, 1895	September 8, 1895	Interim caretaker	President of the Government Junta
28		Nicolás de Piérola	September 8, 1895	September 8, 1899	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
29		Eduardo López de Romaña	September 8, 1899	September 8, 1903	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
30		Manuel Candamo	September 8, 1903	May 7, 1904	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
-		Serapio Calderón	May 7, 1904	September 24, 1904	Interim caretaker	President of the Government Junta
31		José Pardo y Barreda	September 24, 1904	September 24, 1908	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
32		Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo	September 24, 1908	September 24, 1912	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
33		Guillermo Billinghurst	September 24, 1912	February 4, 1914	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
-		Óscar Benavides	February 4, 1914	August 18, 1915	Coup d'état
34		José Pardo y Barreda	August 18, 1915	July 4, 1919	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
35		Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo	July 4, 1919	August 25, 1930	Direct Elections Coup d'état	Constitutional President
-		Manuel María Ponce Brousset	August 25, 1930	August 27, 1930	Interim caretaker
-		Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro	August 27, 1930	March 1, 1931	Coup d'état	1st President of the Provisional Government Junta
-		Ricardo Leoncio Elías Arias	March 1, 1931	March 5, 1931	Coup d'état	2nd President of the Provisional Government Junta
-		Gustavo Jiménez	March 5, 1931	March 11, 1931	Coup d'état	3rd President of the Provisional Government Junta
-		David Samanez Ocampo	March 11, 1931	December 8, 1931	Interim caretaker	President of the Southern Junta
36		Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro	December 8, 1931	April 30, 1933	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
37		Óscar Benavides	April 30, 1933	December 8, 1939	Elected by Congress	Constitutional President
38		Manuel Prado y Ugarteche	December 8, 1939	July 28, 1945	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
39		José Luis Bustamante y Rivero	July 28, 1945	October 29, 1948	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
-		Manuel Odría	October 29, 1948	June 1, 1950	Coup d'état
-		Zenón Noriega Agüero	June 1, 1950	July 28, 1950	Interim caretaker
40		Manuel Odría	July 28, 1950	July 28, 1956	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
41		Manuel Prado y Ugarteche	July 28, 1956	July 18, 1962	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
-		Ricardo Pérez Godoy	July 18, 1962	March 3, 1963	Coup d'état	1st President of the Military Junta
-		Nicolás Lindley	March 3, 1963	July 28, 1963	Coup d'état	2nd President of the Military Junta
42		Fernando Belaúnde Terry	July 28, 1963	October 3, 1968	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
-		Juan Velasco Alvarado	October 3, 1968	August 30, 1975	Coup d'état	1st President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces
-		Francisco Morales Bermúdez	August 30, 1975	July 28, 1980	Coup d'état	2nd President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces
43		Fernando Belaúnde Terry	July 28, 1980	July 28, 1985	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
44		Alan García Pérez	July 28, 1985	July 28, 1990	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
45		Alberto Fujimori	July 28, 1990	November 22, 2000[5]	Direct Elections Coup d'état	President
-		Valentín Paniagua	November 22, 2000	July 28, 2001	Elected by Congress	Interim caretaker
46		Alejandro Toledo	July 28, 2001	July 28, 2006	Direct Elections	President
47		Alan García Pérez	July 28, 2006	Present	Direct Elections	President

[edit] See also

• Peru presidential line of succession
• History of Peru
• Politics of Peru

[edit] References

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