RAI
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
RAI - Radiotelevisione Italiana S.p.a. | |
---|---|
Type | Government-owned corporation |
Genre | Italian Public Broadcasting Service |
Founded | 1924 |
Founder | Italian Government |
Headquarters | Rome, Italy |
Revenue | €3144 million (2006)[1] |
Owner | Min. of Economy & Finance |
Employees | 13248 (2008)[2] |
Divisions | Rai Cinema Rai Corporation Rai Way Sipra Rai Trade Rai Net Rai Click Rai Teche Rai Fiction Rai Eri Rai Vaticano Rai Quirinale Rai Sat (95% RAI - 5% RCS MediaGroup) |
Website | rai.it rai.tv |
Rai - Radiotelevisione Italiana, known until 1954 as Radio Audizioni Italiane,[3] is the Italian public service broadcaster, and is considered the biggest public television company in Europe with the British BBC. It operates three terrestrial television channels and three radio channels, in addition to several satellite and digital terrestrial offerings. Created as URI in 1924, it started television broadcasts on January 3, 1954. RAI was one of the 23 founding broadcasting organisations of the European Broadcasting Union in 1950.
A very controversial plan to partly privatise RAI, by selling 20% of the public broadcaster, was suspended in October 2005.
Half of RAI's revenues come from the broadcast licence fee, half from advertising.[4][5] RAI has a relatively high audience share of 43.55%[6]. The fact that Berlusconi's government pushed for a sale of Mediaset's public service rival had caused a very heated debate, with some of the critics claiming that Mediaset could become the buyer and thus increase its dominant position even further. However, in October 2005 it was announced that the privatisation plan had been suspended, following the revelation that the company would make a loss of €80m ($96m, £54m) during 2006.[citation needed] "RAI's privatisation is de facto suspended", its new director general, Alfredo Meocci, told a parliamentary watchdog committee. [1] [2] RAI broadcasts three main terrestrial channels: Rai Uno, Rai Due and Rai Tre.
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[edit] Early history
RAI started off as a privately owned company. The Unione Radiofonica Italiana (URI) was formed in 1924 by private entrepreneurs and part of the Marconi group. Granted a monopoly of radio broadcasts in 1924, URI made its first broadcast — a Haydn quartet — on the 24 October of that year.
In 1927, URI was renamed Ente Italiano Audizioni Radiofoniche (EIAR). It survived until 1944 when, under Allied pressure, it was reborn as Radio Audizioni Italiane, or RAI. Still a privately owned company, it operated two radio networks: Rete Rossa (red) and Rete Azzurra (blue), with Rossa playing more serious music and Azzurra featuring occasional variety shows.
It was not until 1954 that RAI took on its modern form. In this year the state-controlled holding company IRI became the sole shareholder, and RAI finally began a regular television service. The first day’s schedule featured a report on the opening of RAI’s studio in Milan, sporting events of the day, and an early evening film.[citation needed]
The first few decades of programming were focused on strictly educational programming. During Reconstruction, programs like Non è mai troppo tardi and Un viaggo al Po were able to take people from their villages and small communities and see what life was like in other parts of Italy. The dialects of Italy also made it difficult for people to communicate, so RAI was instrumental in building a national, common language.
[edit] Management
RAI is governed by a nine member Administrative Council. Seven of its nine members are elected by parliamentary committee, the remaining two (one of which includes the President) are nominated by the largest shareholder — that is, the Italian Minister of Economy and Finance. The Council appoints the director-general. Both director-general and members of the administrative council are appointed for a renewable term of three years.
[edit] Presidents of RAI
[1] Second term
[2] Temporary
[edit] Directors-general of RAI
Name | Took office | Left office |
---|---|---|
Salvino Sernesi | 1949 | 1953 |
Giovan Battista Vicentini | 1954 | 1955 |
Rodolfo Arata | 1956 | 1960 |
Ettore Bernabei | January 5, 1961 | September 18, 1974 |
Michele Principe | May 23, 1975 | January 25, 1977 |
Giuseppe Glisenti | January 26, 1977 | June 17, 1977 |
Pierantonino Bertè | July 12, 1977 | June 18, 1980 |
Villy De Luca | June 19, 1980 | July 21, 1982 |
Biagio Agnes | July 29, 1982 | February 1, 1990 |
Gianni Pasquarelli | February 5, 1990 | July 23, 1993 |
Gianni Locatelli | July 23, 1993 | August 3, 1994 |
Gianni Billia | August 3, 1994 | December 31, 1994 |
Raffaele Minicucci | January 16, 1995 | February 29, 1996 |
Aldo Materia [3] | March 6, 1996 | July 15, 1996 |
Franco Iseppi | July 15, 1996 | February 8, 1998 |
Pier Luigi Celli | February 9, 1998 | February 17, 2002 |
Pier Luigi Celli [4] | February 17, 2000 | February 9, 2001 |
Claudio Cappon | February 9, 2001 | March 19, 2002 |
Agostino Saccà | March 19, 2002 | March 27, 2003 |
Flavio Cattaneo | March 27, 2003 | August 5, 2005 |
Alfredo Meocci | August 5, 2005 | June 20, 2006 |
Claudio Cappon | June 22, 2006 | present |
[3] Vice Director-general acting as Director-general
[4] Second term
[edit] Television
RAI broadcasts three main terrestrial channels. Rai Uno is the main channel, and targets the family market. Rai Due has in recent years lacked clear focus, but now attempts to focus on a slightly younger audience than Rai Uno. Rai Tre is the ‘alternative’ channel, with a definite public service remit. Rai Due has been broadcasting since November 4, 1961 (it was called the "Secondo Programma", while Rai Uno was the "Programma Nazionale") and Rai Tre first went on air on December 15, 1979 as "TV3". RAI color television broadcasts started in an experimental capacity in 1971, with the two existing RAI channels at the time starting full-time color broadcasting on February 1, 1977.
[edit] Terrestrial channels
[edit] Analogue
- Rai Uno http://www.raiuno.rai.it/ (also on DTT and on Hotbird, Astra, Atlantic Bird and Hispasat)
- Rai Due http://www.raidue.rai.it/ (also on DTT and on Hotbird, Astra, Atlantic Bird and Hispasat)
- Rai Tre http://www.raitre.rai.it/ (also on DTT and on Hotbird, Astra, Atlantic Bird and Hispasat)
- Rai Sender Bozen http://www.senderbozen.rai.it/ (German-language opt-out of Rai Tre for the province of Bolzano-Bozen)
[edit] Digital
- Rai News 24 http://www.rainews24.rai.it/ all news (on DTT and on Hotbird)
- Rai Sport Più http://www.raisport.rai.it/ sport (on DTT and on Hotbird)
- Rai Gulp http://www.raigulp.it/ kids and teens (on DTT and on Hotbird)
- Rai Edu 1 http://www.educational.rai.it/ education, culture and entertainment (on DTT and on Hotbird)
- Rai Quattro http://www.rai4.rai.it/ youth entertainment (only on DTT)
- Rai 5 (coming soon)
[edit] Satellite channels
[edit] Free-to-air
- Rai News 24 http://www.rainews24.rai.it/
- Rai Sport Più http://www.raisport.rai.it/
- Rai Gulp (from 1 June 2007) http://www.raigulp.it/
- Rai Edu 1 http://www.educational.rai.it/
- Rai Edu 2 http://www.educational.rai.it/
- Rai Nettuno Sat 1 http://www.uninettuno.it/
- Rai Nettuno Sat 2 http://www.uninettuno.it/
- Rai Med (news in Italian and Arabic language, now relays Rai News 24 and Raitalia)
- Camera dei Deputati
- Senato Italiano
[edit] On SKY Italia
- Raisat Extra http://www.raisat.it/ entertainment
- Raisat Premium http://www.raisat.it/ entertainment
- Raisat Cinema http://www.raisat.it/ cinema
- Raisat Gambero Rosso Channel http://www.raisat.it/ cooking
- Raisat Smash http://www.smash.raisat.it/ teens
- Raisat YOYO http://www.yoyo.raisat.it/ babies (from November 2006)
[edit] IPTV channels
[edit] On Alice Home TV
- Rai Fiction
- Viva la Rai entertainment
- Rai Supercult entertainment
- Rai Magazine
- Rai Storia
- Rai Ritratti
- Rai Junior
[edit] On Tiscali TV
- Rai Teen
- Rai di Più
[edit] On TV di FASTWEB
- Rai Click Cinema
- Rai Click Fiction
- Rai Click Fiction Live
- Rai Click Junior
- Rai Click News
- Rai Click Spettacolo
- Rai Click Culture
- Rai Click Oggi
[edit] International
- RAI Italia — Broadcasts the best of RAI to International audiences
[edit] Defunct Channels
- RaiSat Album (30 June 2003)
- RaiSat Art (30 June 2003)
- RaiSat Fiction (30 June 2003)
- Rai Azzurri UEFA Euro 2004 (2004, broadcasted using Rai Olimpia / Rai Utile frequencies)
- Rai Doc cultures, styles (31 May 2007)
- Rai Futura technologies, games, etc. (1 February 2007, broadcasted on the same frequences of Rai Doc at settled times)
- Rai Olimpia 2004 Summer Olympics (2004, broadcasted using Rai Utile frequencies)
- Rai Sport Satellite sports (11 May 2008, changes his name in Rai Sport Più)
- Rai Utile (1 January 2008)
- Rai Widescreen 1998 FIFA World Cup (1999)
[edit] Radio channels
- Rai Radio 1 http://www.radio1.rai.it/ News/information
- Rai Radio 2 http://www.radio2.rai.it/ Adult Contemporary
- Rai Radio 3 http://www.radio3.rai.it/ Classical
- Rai FD4 Leggera http://www.filodiffusione.rai.it/ (also known as IV Canale) - broadcasting easy listening music
- Rai FD5 Auditorium http://www.filodiffusione.rai.it/ (also known as V Canale or Classica) - broadcasting classic and opera music
- Rai GR Parlamento http://www.grparlamento.rai.it/ a radio station broadcasting the Italian Parliament
- Rai Isoradio http://www.isoradio.rai.it/ a radio station designed for motorway users
- Radio Trst A - a radio station for the Slovene minority in Friuli-Venezia Giulia
- Notturno Italiano - a radio service for the Italian communities in the EU - broadcasting mainly Italian pop music, classic and opera music, as well as hourly news bulletins in Italian, French, German and English - operating from the Milan, Rome and Naples RAI Medium Waves transmitters every night 00:00-06:00 Cental European Mean Time.
- Rai Satelradio - International radio service that broadcasts 'best of RAI' abroad.
[edit] News
- TG 1 - Telegiornale Uno http://www.tg1.rai.it/ (News broadcasting)
- TG 2 - Telegiornale Due http://www.tg2.rai.it/ (News broadcasting)
- TG 3 - Telegiornale Tre http://www.tg3.rai.it/ (News broadcasting)
- TG Regionale http://www.tgr.rai.it/ (Local News broadcasting)
- GR 1 http://www.grr.rai.it/ (Radio News broadcasting)
- GR 2 http://www.grr.rai.it/ (Radio News broadcasting)
- GR 3 http://www.grr.rai.it/ (Radio News broadcasting)
- GR Regionale http://www.grr.rai.it/ (Radio Local News broadcasting)
- Tagesschau http://www.tagesschau.rai.it/ (German speaking news from Bolzano)
- Meteo Rai http://www.inforegioni.rai.it/ (Weather)
- Sports
[edit] Other programmes
- Sanremo Music Festival (Festival della canzone italiana)
- Uno Mattina — morning magazine programme (Rai Uno) (Hosted by Eleonora Daniele and the journalist Luca Giurato)
- Affari Tuoi (Italian version of Deal or No Deal?) - shown every day at 8.35pm on Rai Uno. The show is hosted by Flavio Insinna.
- Domenica In — Sunday show (Rai Uno) hosted by Pippo Baudo, Lorena Bianchetti, Massimo Giletti and Luisa Corna.
- L'Isola dei Famosi (Italian version of Celebrity Survivor) shown on Rai Due on 9.00pm every Wednesday night and hosted by Simona Ventura
- Che Tempo Che Fa talk show (Rai Tre) hosted by Fabio Fazio and the comedian Luciana Littizzetto. It's one of the most seen talk shows in Rai networks.
- DS - Domenica Sportiva and 90° minuto (90th minute) sport programming blocks shown on Saturday and Sunday respectively on Rai Tre and Rai Due. 90th minute deals with Italian Serie B, the second Italian football (soccer) championship.
[edit] Foreign Series
- McLeod's Daughters - shown on Rai Uno
- ER — shown on Rai Due
- Friends — shown on Rai Due
- The District — shown on Rai Due
- Charmed — shown on Rai Due
- JAG — shown on Rai Due
- The Practice — shown on Rai Due
- Without a Trace — shown on Rai Due
- Desperate Housewives — shown on Rai Due
- NCIS — shown on Rai Due
- Cold Case — shown on Rai Due
- Lost — shown on Rai Due
- Rome — shown on Rai Due
[edit] Other satellite TV programmes
- The Late Show with David Letterman — shown on RaiSat Extra
- Dallas (TV series) - shown on RaiSat Premium
- Mujeres - shown on RaiSat Premium
[edit] Foreign programmes no longer broadcast
- Eurovision Song Contest (since 1997)
- The Tonight Show with Jay Leno (since 2005)
- Late Night with Conan O'Brien (since 2007)
[edit] See also
- List of Italian language television channels
- Digital television in Italy
- List of radio stations in Italy
- Prix Italia
[edit] Footnotes
- ^ "RAI Annual Report 2006" (English) Retrieved on 2008-06-16
- ^ "Rai, l'orgia del potere" (Italian) Retrieved on 2008-07-09
- ^ La radio in Italia cronologia (Italian) Retrieved on 2007-11-28
- ^ "Basta con il governo padrone, così cambierà la Tv pubblica" (Italian) Retrieved on 2007-10-10
- ^ " DDL Riforma Rai" (Italian) Retrieved on 2007-10-10
- ^ ::: RAI - Bilancio 2005 ::: (Italian) Retrieved on 2007-12-29
[edit] External links
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