Canadian Forces Maritime Command
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- "MARCOM" redirects here. For the historical (1936–1950) U.S. agency, see United States Maritime Commission.
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Canadian Forces Maritime Command (MARCOM), most often simply called the Canadian Navy, is the naval command of the Canadian Forces, and as such, it is also the senior command of the Canadian Forces, following the tradition that comes from the Royal Navy.
MARCOM is the descendant of the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) which was Canada's naval service from the navy's foundation in 1910 until 1 February 1968. Prior to 1910, the Royal Navy provided naval protection for Canada. In 1968, the RCN was merged with the army and air force to form the Canadian Armed Forces. MARCOM's ships are commissioned as Her Majesty's Canadian ships, and the initialism HMCS is used as they are the ships of Her Majesty's Canadian Armed Forces.
With its headquarters in Ottawa, Ontario, MARCOM has command and control of three formations:
- Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) comprises the Canadian Fleet Atlantic, and has responsibility for Canada's Atlantic Area of Responsibility including the eastern Arctic. MARLANTHQ is based at CFB Halifax in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
- Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) comprises the Canadian Fleet Pacific and has responsibility for Canada's Pacific Area of Responsibility. MARPACHQ is based at CFB Esquimalt near Victoria, British Columbia.
- The third formation is Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ) located in Quebec City, Quebec.
Contents |
[edit] History
- For history before 1968, see Royal Canadian Navy.
MARCOM was formed on 1 February 1968 following the amalgamation of the three branches of the Canadian military — the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army, and the Royal Canadian Air Force. The headquarters for MARCOM was based at CFB Halifax, alongside its regional subsidiary MARLANT.
Canadian sailors exchanged their RCN uniforms for a rifle-green uniform common to all services (known as "CF green") and adopted an army-based rank structure. Only cap and collar badges identified "naval" personnel. These policies were somewhat reversed in the 1970s when MARCOM returned to a naval-based rank structure. In 1987 the Canadian Armed Forces introduced its Distinctive Environmental Uniforms (DEUs) for its three environmental commands. The new naval uniform was broadly similar to the former RCN uniform except that officers' uniforms contained six rather than eight buttons on the front of the tunic and the "square rig" for other ranks was not re-introduced. In addition, the executive curl on officers' rank insignia was omitted and the rank insignia of other ranks continued to follow the pattern used by the army.
The 1968 unification of the Canadian Armed Forces was the first time a nation with a modernized military had combined sea, land, and air branches into a unified-command structure. The move also saw the fleet air arm of the RCN become the Maritime Air Group. These air units were eventually placed under the Canadian Forces Air Command (AIRCOM) after that command was created in 1975.
In the mid-1990s, MARCOM headquarters were consolidated from Halifax at NDHQ in Ottawa at the same time that AIRCOM headquarters moved from Winnipeg and LFC headquarters moved from Saint-Hubert, Quebec.
[edit] Re-structure
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Following the 1968 unification, MARCOM undertook several changes to its force structure. The sole remaining aircraft carrier, HMCS Bonaventure (CVL 22), was nearing the end of her service life, being a Second World War–era vessel. In the early 1970s, it was decided to pay Bonaventure off and not find a replacement, instead focusing on the traditional blue-water navy.
The fleet was enhanced in 1972 with the addition of the four new Iroquois-class destroyers, also known as the Tribal class. By the mid-1970s, the navy was looking at a new class of frigate-helicopter (FH) vessels to replace the aging St. Laurent, Restigouche, Mackenzie, and Annapolis classes. This design evolved into the Canadian Patrol Frigate (CPF), which was promised by the government in the early 1980s during a period of increased military spending. By the late 1980s, with construction of the first six vessels underway (by now called the Halifax-class frigates), construction of six further vessels was announced. Nine of the twelve CPF vessels were built at Saint John, New Brunswick, and the remaining three were built at Lauzon, Quebec.
The mid-1980s saw the announcement of the Tribal Update and Modernization Program (TRUMP), which saw the four early-1970s Iroquois-class destroyers updated into area air-defence destroyers. The update saw these vessels become the first non-US ships to carry the Standard SM-2 anti-aircraft missile.
[edit] Action post-1968
MARCOM provides vessels for Standing Naval Force Atlantic and for exercises off Norway in support of Canada's defence obligations for northern Scandinavia under the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), patrols the north Atlantic and Pacific oceans in support of Canadian sovereignty, and is tasked by NATO with anti-submarine patrols for the northwest Atlantic.
In August–September 1990, MARCOM hurriedly modernized and deployed the Restigouche-class destroyer escort HMCS Terra Nova (DDE 259), the Iroquois-class destroyer HMCS Athabaskan (DDH 282), and the supply ship HMCS Protecteur (AOR 509) to the Persian Gulf in support of Operation Desert Shield and later Operation Desert Storm, where these vessels were involved in escort duties of various coalition naval forces and non-combatants.
During the mid to late 1990s, MARCOM provided vessels for a NATO task force patrolling the Adriatic Sea off the former Yugoslavia. As part of Operation Apollo, Canada's military contribution to the international campaign against terrorism, 20 MARCOM vessels have been patrolling in the Arabian Sea in recent years.
[edit] Today's fleet
The current fleet contains thirty-six ships and submarines plus many more supply and support vessels. The fleet is roughly evenly split between the Atlantic and Pacific commands with the Atlantic housing the larger of the two fleets. MARCOM participates in NATO exercises, and ships are deployed all over the world in support of the Canadian military and in conjunction with multinational deployments.
Sea King helicopters embark to provide anti-submarine patrols, search and rescue, and reconnaissance. CP-140 Aurora surveillance aircraft also support MARCOM operations. None of 12 Wing Shearwater (or its Patricia Bay operating location), 14 Wing Greenwood or 19 Wing Comox belong to MARCOM, all of which report to AIRCOM through 1 Canadian Air Division.
[edit] Vessels of Maritime Command
| Class or name | Builder | Type | Quantity | Year Entered Service | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Halifax | Saint John Shipbuilding, MIL-Davie Shipbuilding, Saint John, New Brunswick,  Canada |
frigate | 12 | 1992–1996 | The backbone of MARCOM, the twelve Halifax-class frigates carry the Sea King helicopters of the Air Force as well as anti-submarine torpedoes and anti-aircraft and anti-ship missiles. Frigate Life Extension (FELEX) to start sometime after 2007 |
| Iroquois | MIL-Davie Shipbuilding, Lauzon, Quebec, Canada |
destroyer | 3 | 1972–1973 | Area-air-defence and command-and-control destroyers with Sea King helicopters, refitted in the 1990s from anti-submarine role. |
| Kingston | Halifax Shipyards, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada |
patrol | 12 | 1996–1999 | Coastal surveillance, general naval operations and exercises, search and rescue, law enforcement, resource protection, fisheries patrols and mine countermeasure capabilities. |
| Orca | Victoria Shipyards, Esquimalt, British Columbia, Canada |
patrol/training | 8 | 2006-2008 | Training and inshore patrol. |
| Protecteur | Saint John Shipbuilding, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada |
auxiliary | 2 | 1969–1970 | At-sea resupply of frigates and destroyers and medical support. Ships to be replaced by Joint Support Ships starting 2012 |
| Victoria | Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd and Cammell Laird, Birkenhead,  United Kingdom |
submarine | 4 | 2000–2004 | Diesel-electric hunter-killer submarines with long-range patrol capability. |
| Quest | Burrard Shipbuilding & Drydock Ltd., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada |
Survey ship | 1 | 1969 | Oceanographic research ship. |
[edit] Auxiliary ships
Auxiliary ships are not armed or part of the regular fleet in the Canadian Forces. These ships operated within the port areas in maritime command area in the Pacific and Atlantic coasts.
| Class or name | Builder | Type | Quantity | Year Entered Service | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fire-Class | United Kingdom |
fire/rescue boats-Yard Tractor Tug | 2: CFAV Firebrand (YTR 562) and the CFAV Firebird (YTR 561) | ||
| Ville-Class | Falconer Marine in Victoria, B.C | Harbour tug-YTL | 5 – CFAV Lawrenceville (YTL 590), CFAV Parksville (YTL 591), CFAV Listerville (YTL 592), CFAV Merrickville (YTL 593), CFAV Marysville (YTL 594) | 1974 | Named after World War II vessels which were based on the on Pup Class[1] |
| Medium Harbour Tug-YTM | 1 – CFAV Tillicum (YTM 555) | based at Esquimalt | |||
| Glen-Class | Yarrows Ltd, Esquimalt and Georgetown Shipyards, PE Canada |
tractor tugs | 5 – CFAV Glendyne (YTB 640), CFAV Glendale (YTB 641), CFAV Glenevis (YTB 642), CFAV Glenbrook (YTB 643), CFAV Glenside (YTB 644) | 1975–1977 | Vessels are named after an earlier World War 2 Glen class of tugs.[2][3] |
| YDT Dive Tenders and Dive Recovery | 1 – YDT 10 | ||||
| Yard Diving Tenders | 2 (YDT 11 – ex Cape Scott III and YDT 12 Granby) | YDT-11 based at Fleet Diving Unit (Pacific) in Colwood, B.C [4] | |||
| Sechelt Class | West Coast [John] Manly Shipyard of New Westminster, BC Canada |
YDT Yard Dive Tenders | 2 – YDT Sechelt, YDT Sooke | 1991 | Sooke based at Fleet Diving Unit (Pacific) in Colwood, B.C. [5] |
| Sechelt Class | West Coast [John] Manly Shipyard of New Westminster, BC Canada |
Torpedo and Sound Ranging Vessels | 2 – CFAV Sikanni, CFAV Stikine | 1991 | |
| Burrard Shipbuilding & Drydock Ltd | General Purpose Research Vessel | 1 – CFAV Quest | 1969 | ||
| Duty Boat | 2 – CFAV Gemini and CFAV Pegasus | Gemini based in Halifax, Pegasus based in Esquimalt | |||
| Fleet Diving Unit Boat | 4 – Sculpin, Abalone, Dungeness, Tayut | [6] |
[edit] Aircraft
| Aircraft | Country of Manufacture | Type | Canadian Designation | In Service | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SH-3 Sea King | Sikorsky  United StatesUnited Aircraft Canada |
Shipborne Anti-Submarine, Search and Rescue Helicopter on destroyers and frigates | CH-124 Sea King | 27 | Delivered 1963 to Royal Canadian Navy; assigned from Canadian Forces Air Command to be replaced by CH-148 Cyclone |
| P-3 Orion/S-3 Viking | Lockheed United States |
Strategic airborne anti-submarine warfare aircraft with surface-surveillance capability | CP-140 Aurora | 18 | Purchased 1980; assigned from Canadian Forces Air Command |
| P-3 Orion | Lockheed United States |
Strategic airborne surface-surveillance aircraft | CP-140A Arcturus | 3 | airframes purchased in 1991; assigned from Canadian Forces Air Command |
| Sikorsky H-92 Superhawk | Sikorsky Aircraft United States |
Shipborne, Search and Rescue Helicopter on destroyers and frigates | CH-148 Cyclone | 28 | Order delayed; delivery after 2009 |
| EH101 | AgustaWestland UK/ Italy |
Search & Rescue helicopter | CH-149 Cormorant | 14 | Entered service 2000; assigned from Canadian Forces Air Command |
[edit] Retired Fleet
| Class or name | Type | Builder | Quantity | Year Entered Service | Details | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| St. Laurent class | escort destroyers | Canada Canadian Vickers, Montreal Halifax Shipyards, Halifax NS Burrard, Vancouver, BC Yarrows, Esquimalt, BC Marine Industries Limited, Sorel, Quebec |
7 | 1955–1994 | all but 2 scrapped; Saguenay (Nova Scotia) and Assiniboine (Caribbean) were sunk as now artificial reefs | |
| Mackenzie class | escort destroyers | Canada Canadian Vickers, Montreal |
4 | 1962–1994 | 3 were sunk with 2 as artificial reefs; Qu'Appelle's status is unknown | |
| Restigouche class | escort destroyers | Canada Davie Shipbuilding, Lauzon, Quebec Halifax Shipyards, Halifax NS Burrard Dry Dock, North Vancouver, BC Victoria Machinery Depot, Victoria, BC |
7 | 1958–1997 | St Croix was scapped, Gatineau and Terra Nova are laid up in Halifax and rest sunk as reefs | |
| Iroquois class | escort destroyers | Canada MIL Davie Shipbuilding, Lauzon, Quebec |
1 – HMCS Huron (DDH 281) | 1970–2005 | Sunk as a target ship by US and Canadian ships off the coast of BC in 2007 | |
| Oberon class | diesel electric submarine | United Kingdom Vickers-Armstrongs, Barrow-in-Furness |
3 (2 spares) | 1964–2000 | status unknown - likely to be sold for scrap | |
| Tench class | diesel electric submarine | United States Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, Maine |
1 ( USS Argonaut (SS-475) ad later as HMCS Rainbow(S-75) ) | 1968–1974 | status unknown | |
| Provider class | AOR (oiler replinishing ship) | Canada Davie Shipbuilding, Lauzon, Quebec |
1 – HMCS Provider (AOR 508) | 1963–2003 | sold as barge and latter scrapped | |
| N/A | ASL | Italy Aspa Quarto |
1 – HMCS Cormorant (ASL 20) | 1978–1997 | ||
| Annapolis class | escort destroyers | Canada Marine Industries Limited, Sorel, Quebec |
2 | 1964–1997 | both sunk; Annapolis is a reef and Nipigon sunk in Quebec | |
| Majestic class | light aircraft carrier | United Kingdom Harland and Wolff, Belfast |
1 – HMS Powerful/HMCS Bonaventure (CVL 22) | 1957–1970 | scrapped in Taiwan | |
| Cape class | escort maintenance | Canada Allied Shipbuilders Ltd., Vancouver, BC |
2 | 1959–1970 | staut unknown | |
| N/A | escort hydrofoil Frigate | Canada Marine Industries Limited, Sorel, Quebec de Havilland Canada, Toronto, Ontario |
1 – HMCS Bras d'Or (FHE 400) | 1970s | now at Musée Maritime du Québec | |
| Sikorsky H-19 | multi purpose helicopter | United States Sikorsky Aircraft |
N/A | 1960–1970s | used aboard the HMCS Bonaventure (CVL 22) | |
| S-2 Tracker | anti-submarine warfare aircraft | United States de Havilland Canada/Grumman |
N/A | 1960–1980s | ||
| F2H Banshee | carrier based fighter | United States McDonnell Aircraft |
34 | 1950s-1958 | ||
| Glen-Class I tugs | tug | 4 – Glendevon, Glenevis | WWII ships | |||
| YBZ-61 | vacuum ship | 1 | ||||
| Saint Class Deep Sea Tugs | ocean tug | Saint John Dry Dock, Saint John, NB 1957 Canada |
1 – St. Charles ATA 533 | stricken in 1972 | ||
| Naval Research Vessel | 1 – CFAV Endeavour | 1968–1998 |
[edit] Retired Aircraft
| Aircraft | Country of Manufacture | Type | Canadian Designation | In Service | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F2H Banshee | McDonnell Douglas United States |
carrier based jet fighter | N/A – F2H-3 | 39; 34 on carrier HMCS Bonaventure | ex-United States Navy delivered 1955–1958; retired 1962 |
| S-2 Tracker | Sikorsky Aircraft United States |
Anti-submarine warfare aircraft | CS-2F Tracker | 1? | delivery 1956–1957; all carrier based aircraft were transferred to land operations after 1970 |
| Sikorsky H-19 "Horse" | Sikorsky Aircraft United States |
plane guard helicopter | H04S-3 | 2? | acquired 1956; retired 1967 and replaced by CH-124 Sea King (till 1970) |
[edit] Weapons
[edit] Shipborne
- Mark 41 VLS – missile-firing system for
- Douglas Aircraft Company/Sperry Corporation Sea Sparrow SAM/SSM – medium-range semi-active radar homing air-to-air missile
- BAE Systems Bofors SAK 57 mm naval guns
- General Dynamics Ponoma Division Phalanx CIWS (Block 1) – Close-in weapon system/anti-missile system
- Browning Arms Company 12.7mm M2 Browning machine guns – heavy machine guns
- Oto Melara 76 mm/62 OTO Melara – naval artillery piece
- Alliant Techsystems Mark-46 Mod 5 torpedoes fired from 12.75in Mark 32 Surface Vessel Torpedo Tubes
- BAE Systems Bofors 40 mm 60 Mk 5C cannon
- Raytheon/Hughes Aircraft 533mm torpedo tubes (18 Mark 48 torpedoes)
[edit] Aircraft
- Alliant Techsystems Mark 46 torpedo – Air and ship-launched lightweight torpedo on SH-3 Sea King
- Browning Arms Company M1919 Browning machine gun – 7.62 mm self-defence machine gun used by SH-3 Sea King
[edit] Air operations
Though the former RCN had its own aircraft, after unification shipboard helicopters came under "air force" control, and Naval Air Squadrons were renumbered in the former RCAF 400-series, with the exceptions of VU-32, VU-33, and 880 Squadron. Shipboard helicopter operations continue in this fashion, with Helicopter Air Detachments (HELAIRDETs) being staffed by Air Command personnel in air force-style DEU's.
[edit] Submarines
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The 1987 military review highlighted Canada's abysmal capabilities of enforcing sovereignty on its Arctic coast. It was therefore announced that MARCOM would receive a fleet of 10 to 12 nuclear-powered attack submarines (SSN) suitable for operating for extended periods under the Arctic ice. The proposed SSN fleet would force any nation, friend or foe, to possibly think twice before using Canada's territorial seas in the Arctic for operating nuclear submarines. During 1987–1988, MARCOM examined several British and French SSN designs. The planned procurement, however, was cancelled in 1988–1989 during a time of increased defence cuts.
In 1998, the Canadian government made a deal with the United Kingdom to acquire four mothballed, but state-of-the-art Upholder-class diesel-electric submarines that were made surplus by the Royal Navy's decision to operate only nuclear-powered submarines such as the Trafalgar-class boats. The Royal and U.S. navies considered the Upholders too valuable and technologically advanced to allow them to fall into the hands of a non-allied nation. Therefore Canada was encouraged through significant discounts to acquire the Upholders. The four submarines were eventually purchased after much foot-dragging by the federal government for $750 million CAD.
The transaction was supposed to have included some reciprocal rights for British forces to continue using CFB Suffield for armoured-unit training and CFB Goose Bay for low-level flight training, while Canada received four well-built and very lightly used high-technology submarines to replace the 1960s-era Oberon class. (It was later revealed that there were no reciprocal rights. It was a plain lease-to-buy arrangement.) After a costly update program which took longer than expected, along with several public and highly embarrassing equipment failures, the Upholders are being successfully reactivated following a decade of mothballing and are now being integrated into the Canadian navy as the Victoria class. Technical problems still seem to plague the fleet however. Part of this deal will see MARPAC receive its first submarine in four decades and returning an active submarine presence to Canada's west coast.
The four submarines and their former Royal Navy names:
- HMCS Victoria (SSK 876), formerly HMS Unseen (S41)
- HMCS Windsor (SSK 877), formerly HMS Unicorn (S43)
- HMCS Corner Brook (SSK 878), formerly HMS Ursula (S42)
- HMCS Chicoutimi (SSK 879), formerly HMS Upholder (S40)
A naval investigation was conducted into a fatal fire aboard HMCS Chicoutimi which killed an officer and injured several other personnel during its maiden voyage from Faslane Naval Base, Scotland, to Halifax in October 2004. The investigation focused on two hatches that were left open during repairs, thus allowing seawater inside while the submarine was on the surface in a period of rough weather, as well as faulty insulation for wires and a panel near the commanding officer's cabin. The wires were insulated using an older water-resistance specification than the other Victoria-class boats, because it was older than the other three. The other three Victoria-class boats were placed on restricted duty for several weeks following the fire and during the period of investigation.
The investigation found that a series of unexpected circumstances led to the tragedy.[7] No blame was placed on the commanding officer, as it was decided he was reasonable in allowing both hatches to be left open for the repairs. Running with both hatches open was common on the Oberon-class boats. Recommendations include improved water-resistant insulation for electrical wires, improved firefighting training, and a change of operational procedures that will no longer allow a submarine to operate on the surface with both hatches open. The widow of the officer killed, in writing, accepted the findings of the investigation.
[edit] Future
[edit] Maritime-helicopter replacement
Although aviation assets are the responsibility of Canadian Forces Air Command (AIRCOM) since unification, the political fiasco surrounding the maritime-helicopter replacement has had a major impact on the ability of the Canadian patrol frigates to deliver their expected capabilities. In 1993, the Maritime Helicopter Program, which had selected the AgustaWestland EH101 as a replacement for the aging CH-124 Sea King, was cancelled by incoming Prime Minister Jean Chrétien in an infamous decision that dogged his government for over a decade. Chrétien's government did end up ordering fifteen CH-149 Cormorants, a slightly cheaper version of the EH101, for search-and-rescue services, however it took until July 2004 for a replacement of the now-ancient Sea Kings to be announced. The Sea Kings will be replaced with the CH-148 Cyclone, with delivery expected to be completed by 2008–2010.
[edit] Current and future programs
[edit] Joint Support Ships
In the late 1990s, one of the fleet's three underway-replenishment vessels, HMCS Provider, was paid off. The remaining two supply ships, HMCS Preserver and HMCS Protecteur, were showing their age, and MARCOM began studies into designing a new class of underway-replenishment and naval sealift-capable vessels.
On 16 April 2004, Prime Minister Paul Martin announced plans to purchase three new Joint Support Ships (JSS) to replace the Protecteur-class underway-replenishment vessels. In addition to supporting naval operations, the new ships will be able to transport an army battle group — a capability Canada's navy has lacked since the departure of the light carrier HMCS Bonaventure in 1970. The new ships will also have reinforced hulls enabling them to sail in the Arctic. The requirement for three JSS was re-affirmed in June 2006 by the newly elected Conservative government, which issued the request for proposal. In November 2006, two industry teams were selected to provide a proposal. One of these teams was to be awarded the implementation contract in 2008. The first of the 28,000-tonne vessels was scheduled to be delivered in 2012. As of August 22, 2008 the JSS Program has been canceled due to cost. The Protecteur class will be have their service lives extended beyond 2012 while a suitable replacement is found.[8]
[edit] Amphibious assault vessels
In the first months of 2005, senior members of the Canadian Forces and the government have been examining the possibility of purchasing two new or used amphibious assault ships in keeping with the government's commitment to developing greater joint capability in the Canadian Forces. This is apparently not connected to the Joint Support Ship project.
[edit] Orca-class training vessels
The program to replace the navy's wooden YAG vessels with twelve modern steel training / patrol vessels (the Orca program) is well underway and being contracted by Victoria Shipyards Limited. The first ship, PCT (Patrol Craft, Training) 55 Orca was accepted by the navy at CFB Esquimalt on November 17, 2006.[9]
[edit] Polar Class 5 Arctic offshore patrol ships
On July 9, 2007, Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced the construction of up to eight Polar Class 5 Arctic Offshore Patrol Ships and the establishment of a deep water port in the far North.
These new Polar Class 5 Arctic offshore patrol ships will be built in Canada.[10][11][12]: The CBC reported that the vessels "...are expected to be based on the Royal Norwegian Navy's Svalbard class design". With steel-reinforced hulls, they will be capable of operating in ice up to one metre thick, and each vessel will also be equipped with a helicopter landing pad. They will be able to patrol the length of the Northwest Passage during the summer navigable season and its approaches year-round, and will also be capable of full operations on the east and west coasts throughout the year. Critics have noted that the vessels are less capable than the three larger icebreakers Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced in 2006.[citation needed]
To conduct seaborne surveillance operations in the Arctic, a deep-water port (likely at Nanisivik, Nunavut) will be constructed to allow the patrol ships to resupply and refuel.[13] Harper announced in 2006 that the deep-water port would be built in Iqaluit. On July 9, 2007 the CBC reported that four ports were under consideration.
[edit] Other
A program office for the Halifax-class Frigate Life Extension (FELEX) program has been established and is expected to begin soliciting bids in 2007. It is believed that introduction of the active phased array radar (APAR) that the Canadian Forces developed with the Dutch navy will not be undertaken during FELEX due to the weight of the system and stability considerations. Canada is considering a 4-to-10 vessel replacement program for the Iroquois-class destroyers, likely involving the use of APAR. To save money, the replacement classes for the Iroquois- and Halifax-class ships will have identical hulls and propulsion machinery.
A mid-life upgrade program for the Kingston-class patrol vessels appeared on a list of the Chief of the Maritime Staff's project priorities, but was cancelled. The navy has plans to replace the Iroquois class destroyer with the Province-class destroyer. The Department of National Defence has not identified a procurement timeframe for the Iroquois replacements, although it has been reported that design work is underway and a project office and personnel have been assigned.
[edit] Senior Leadership
[edit] Commanders of Maritime Command
- Vice Admiral J.C. O'Brien 1968-1970
- Vice Admiral H.A. Porter 1970-1971
- Rear Admiral R.W Timbrell 1971-1973
- Vice Admiral D.S. Boyle 1973-1977
- Vice Admiral A.L Collier 1977-1979
- Vice Admiral J Allan 1979-1980
- Vice Admiral J.A. Fulton 1980-1983
- Vice Admiral J.C. Wood 1983-1987
- Vice Admiral C.M Thomas 1987-1989
- Vice Admiral R.E. George 1989-1991
- Admiral John Rogers Anderson 1991-1992
- Vice Admiral P.W. Cairns 1992-1994
- Vice Admiral Larry Murray 1994-1995
- Vice Admiral L. Mason 1995-1997
[edit] Chiefs of the Maritime Staff
- Vice Admiral G. Garnett 1997-1997
- Vice Admiral G Maddison 1997-2001
- Vice Admiral R.D. Buck 2001-2004
- Vice Admiral M.B. McLean 2004-2006
- Vice Admiral D.W. Robertson 2006-
[edit] References
- ^ "Canadian Forces Small Ships — the Ville class YTL Harbour Tug", Canadian American Strategic Review. Retrieved on 13 February 2008. "The original Ville class were small, steel-hulled tugs many of which are still in use. This has caused some confusion. Some sources list current Ville class as being 17 ton boats based on the British Pup class. This description actually belongs to the original, RCN Ville tugs."
- ^ "YARD CRAFT, TUGS and Other Vessels – Radio Fit". Retrieved on 28 November 2007.
- ^ "Canadian Forces Small Ships — the Glen class YTB Tractor Tug", Canadian American Strategic Review. Retrieved on 13 February 2008.
- ^ "BackgrounderFleet Diving Unit (Pacific)". Retrieved on 28 November 2007.
- ^ "Backgrounder: Fleet Diving Unit (Pacific)". Retrieved on 28 November 2007.
- ^ "MARPAC Auxiliary Ships". Retrieved on 28 November 2007.
- ^ HMCS Chicoutimi Board of Enquiry website
- ^ "Welcome to PMO JSS". Canadian Department of National Defence (May 16, 2007). Retrieved on July 10, 2007.
- ^ Pam Lloyd (November 27, 2006). "Navy welcomes Orca to Pacific Fleet", Lookout. Retrieved on 10 July 2007.
- ^ "Arctic patrol vessels approved by committee", CBC (May 13, 2007). Retrieved on 10 July 2007.
- ^ "Background — Armed Icebreaker / OPV — Norway’s K/V Svalbard". Canadian American Strategic Review (July 9, 2007). Retrieved on July 10, 2007.
- ^ "Ottawa buying up to 8 Arctic patrol ships", CBC (July 9, 2007). Retrieved on 10 July 2007.
[edit] See also
- List of ships of the Canadian Navy
- List of Royal Canadian Navy stations
- Uniforms of the Canadian Forces
- Canadian Forces ranks and insignia
- Canadian Coast Guard
[edit] External links
- Canadian Navy, Official Site
- ReadyAyeReady.com: Ninety-five years of the Canadian navy.
- CdnMilitary.ca Article on the Frigate Life Extension Programme (FELEX)
- CFAV Quest
- Canadian Forces Small Ships — YAG Yard Auxiliary, General
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