Province of New Hampshire
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The Province of New Hampshire was a crown colony organized on October 7, 1691 during the period of British colonization of the Americas. The charter was enacted May 14, 1692 by William and Mary, the joint monarchs of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland, at the same time that the Province of Massachusetts Bay was created. Both were formerly parts of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
The Province of New Hampshire was located in the present-day U.S. state of New Hampshire, and was named after the county of Hampshire in southern England by John Mason.[1]
The province did not get its own colonial governor until 1741, when Benning Wentworth was appointed. Many of the subsequent New Hampshire Grants later became the state of Vermont.
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[edit] History
[edit] Before colonization
Prior to British colonization, the area which became the province was populated by bands of the Abenaki, who lived in sometimes large villages of longhouses.[2] Depending on the season they would either remain near their villages to fish, gather plants, engage in sugaring, and trade or fight with their neighbors, or head to nearby fowling and hunting grounds; later they also farmed tobacco and the "three sisters": corn, beans, and squash.[2]
[edit] Early British colonies
Prior to 1691, the "New Hampshire Colony" was the product of several English land grants dating from 1623 to 1680. For much of its colonial history it was controlled by the Massachusetts Bay Colony based in Boston.
In 1631 Captain Thomas Wiggin served as the first governor of the province of the Upper Plantation of New Hampshire, comprising modern-day Dover, Durham and Stratham.
Other settlements followed: Little Harbor, Dover, Portsmouth and Exeter. David Thomson, Edward Hilton, and Thomas Hilton were sent by John Mason, who wished to send settlers to create a fishing colony. They established the cities of Dover and Little Harbor. The settlement at Exeter was founded in 1638 by John Wheelwright, a disciple of Anne Hutchinson. These towns agreed to unite in 1639 and in 1641 agreed to join the Massachusetts Colony.
On January 1, 1680, New Hampshire was separated from the Massachusetts Colony, becoming a colony with a separate government. It was reunited with Massachusetts in 1688, and separated out one last time in 1691, at which point it became the Province of New Hampshire.
[edit] References
Specific references:
- ^ "State Facts". New Hampshire Division of Travel and Tourism Development. Retrieved on 2008-08-18.
- ^ a b Native Americans in Vermont: the Abenaki, from flowofhistory.org, a website funded by educational grants
General references:
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This article or section includes a list of references or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. You can improve this article by introducing more precise citations where appropriate. |
- Belknap, Jeremy. The History of New Hampshire (1791-1792) 3 vol classic history
- Daniell, Jere. Colonial New Hampshire: A History (1982)
- Morison, Elizabeth Forbes and Elting E. Morison. New Hampshire: A Bicentennial History (1976)
- Squires, J. Duane. The Granite State of the United States: A History of New Hampshire from 1623 to the Present (1956)
