James Louis Henry Sobieski

James Louis Henry Sobieski (Polish: Jakub Ludwik Henryk Sobieski; November 2, 1667 in Paris – December 19, 1737 in Zhovkva) was Crown Prince of Poland.

[edit] Biography

James Sobieski was born on November 2, 1667 in Paris, France, the son of king John III of Poland and Marie Casimire Louise de la Grange d'Arquien.

In 1683, the sixteen-year-old prince fought alongside his father in the battle against the Turks at Vienna.

Jakub Ludwik/James Louis owed allegiance to the Imperial Habsburgs as a member of the Order of the Golden Fleece.

On March 25, 1691, James married Hedwig Elisabeth Amelia de Baviere Pfalz-Neuburg (July 18, 1673-August 10, 1722), the daughter of the Palatine elector Philip William. Their children:

Maria Leopoldyna (April 30, 1693 - July 12, 1695)
Maria Casimira (January 20, 1695 - May 18, 1723) - she became a nun. Her father tried to get her married to Charles XII of Sweden.
Marie Carolina (November 15, 1697 - May 8, 1740) married (1) Frederick Maurice de la Tour d'Auvergne (2) Charles Godefroid de la Tour d'Auvergne, Duc de Bouillon (1706-1771).
Maria Klementyna (July 18, 1702 - January 24, 1735), married Prince James "The Old Pretender" (1688-1766), son of King James II of England (1633-1701)
Maria Magdalena (August 3, 1704 - August 3, 1704)

On the death of James' father, John III, no fewer than eighteen candidates for the vacant Polish throne presented themselves. Family rivalries prevented the election of James Sobieski even though Austria supported his candidacy. James Sobieski’s own mother, Marie Casimire favored her son-in-law, the Elector of Bavaria. The powerful king Louis XIV of France supported François Louis, Prince of Conti (1664-1709).

Portrait of James Louis Sobieski with his father

In the end, Frederick Augustus, elector of Saxony, who renounced Lutheranism and converted to Catholicism in order to qualify, was crowned as Augustus II, King of Poland on September 1, 1697. It was the first time that a deceased monarch's son had not been elected to succeed him; that the rightful candidate had been debarred from the throne by military force; and that the Poles had acquired a German king, which went against a long tradition of keeping German hegemony at arm's length.

Augustus II’s first act as king was to expel the prince of Conti from the country. Then, in 1704 James Sobieski and his brother Alexander were seized by Augustus II’s troops and imprisoned. They remained in prison for two years before finally being released.

Prince James Sobieski died on December 19, 1737 in Żółkiew, Poland and is buried there.