Sanford Meisner

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Sanford Meisner
Born	August 31, 1905(1905-08-31) New York City, New York
Died	February 2, 1997 (aged 91) Sherman Oaks, California
Spouse(s)	Peggy Meredith (1948-1950)

Sanford Meisner (b. August 31, 1905, Brooklyn, New York – February 2, 1997, Sherman Oaks, California) was an American actor and acting coach who developed an acting methodology, now known as the Meisner Technique.

Contents 1 Early life 2 The Group Theatre 3 The Meisner Technique 3.1 Notable students 4 Film Appearances 5 The Sanford Meisner Center 6 Famous Meisner quotes 7 External links 8 Notes and references 8.1 Other sources

[edit] Early life

Meisner was born in Brooklyn, New York City, the oldest of four children of Hermann Meisner, a furrier, and Bertha Knoepfler, Jewish immigrants who came to the United States from Hungary.^[1] Two years later, his younger brother Jacob, who would come to have a lasting effect on Meisner, was born. In an attempt to improve Sanford's health, one year later, the family took a trip to the Catskills, where Jacob was fed unpasteurized milk. As a result, the child contracted bovine tuberculosis and died shortly thereafter. In an interview many years later, Meisner would identify this event as “the dominant emotional influence in my life from which I have never, after all these years, escaped.”^[2] Blamed by his parents for his brother's death, the young Meisner would soon become isolated and withdrawn, unable to cope with feelings of guilt for his brother’s death.

He found release in playing the family piano, and eventually attended the Damrosch Institute of Music (now the Juilliard School) where he studied to become a concert pianist. When the Great Depression hit, Meisner's father pulled him out of music school to help in the family business in New York City's Garment District. Meisner would later recall that the only way he could endure days spent lugging bolts of fabric was to entertain himself by replaying, in his mind, all the classical piano pieces he had studied in music school. Meisner believed this experience helped him develop an acute sense of sound, akin to perfect pitch. Later, as an acting teacher, he would often evaluate his students' scene work with his eyes closed (and his head dramatically buried in his hands). This trick was only partly for effect; the habit, he explained, actually helped him to listen more closely to his students' work, and to pinpoint the true and false moments in their acting.

After graduation from high school, Meisner pursued acting professionally, which had interested him since his youth. He had acted at the Lower East Side's Chrystie Street Settlement House under the direction of Lee Strasberg, a young man who was later to play an important part in his life. At 19, Meisner learned that the Theatre Guild was hiring teenagers. After a brief interview, he was hired as an extra for They Knew What They Wanted. The experience deeply affected him, and he began to realize that acting was what he had been looking for in life. He and Strasberg both appeared in the original Theater Guild production of the Rodgers and Hart review The Garrick Gaieties, from which came the song "Manhattan."

[edit] The Group Theatre

Despite his parents' misgivings, Meisner continued to pursue a career in acting, receiving a scholarship to study at the Theatre Guild of Acting. Here he would meet up again with Harold Clurman and Lee Strasberg. Strasberg was to become another of the century’s most influential acting theorists and the father of Method Acting, an acting technique derived from acting theory and techniques of Konstantin Stanislavski. The three became friends. In 1931, Clurman and Strasberg, joined by Cheryl Crawford (another Theatre Guild member) would select 28 actors, one of whom was Meisner, to form the Group Theatre. This theater group exerted an influence, not only on Meisner, but on the entire art of acting in the United States. Meisner, along with a number of other actors in the company, eventually resisted Strasberg's preoccupation with Emotion Memory exercises when, in 1934, fellow company member, Stella Adler, returned from private study with Stanislavski in Paris. She announced that Stanislavski had come to believe that, rather than delving exclusively into one's past memories as a source of emotion, one could just as effectively summon up the character's thoughts and feelings through the concentrated use of the imagination and the belief in the given circumstances of the text. As a result, Meisner began focusing on a new approach to the art of acting.

When the Group Theatre disbanded in 1940, Meisner continued as head of the acting program at the Neighborhood Playhouse in New York. In teaching he found a level of fulfillment similar to the fulfillment he has found in playing the piano as a child. It was at the Playhouse that he would develop his own acting technique, based on the work of Konstantin Stanislavski, his training with Lee Strasberg, and on Stella Adler's revelations about the uses of the imagination. Today that method is called the Meisner Technique.

The Actors Studio was founded in 1947 by two ex-Group Theater actors – the then successful directors, Elia Kazan and Robert Lewis. Meisner was one of the first teachers who taught at the Actor's Studio. Ironically, at first Strasberg was not asked. By 1951, Strasberg had became artistic director of the Studio. Many of students of the Actor's studio would go on to become well-known in film. Strasberg's later insistence that he had trained them distressed Meisner enormously, creating an animosity with his ex-mentor that would continue until Strasberg's death.

[edit] The Meisner Technique

Meisner's unusual techniques were considered both unorthodox and effective. Actor Dennis Longwell wrote of sitting in on one of Meisner’s classes one day, when Meisner brought two students forward for an acting exercise. They were given a single line of dialogue, told to turn away, and instructed not to do or say anything until something happened to make them say the words; one of the fundamental principles of the Meisner Technique. The first student’s line came when Meisner approached him from behind and gave him a strong pinch on the back, inspiring him to jump away and yelp his line in pain. The other student’s line came when Meisner reached around and slipped his hand into her blouse. Her line came out as a giggle as she moved away from his touch.^[3]

The goal of the Meisner technique has often been described as getting actors to “live truthfully under imaginary circumstances.”^[4] The technique emphasizes carrying out an action truthfully on stage and letting emotion and subtext build based on the truth of the action and on the other characters around them, rather than simply playing an action or emotion. In one of the best known exercises of the Meisner Technique called Repetition, one person spontaneously makes a comment based on his or her partner. and that phrase would be relatively quickly, repeated back and forth between the two actors in the same manner until it changed on its own. The objective was always to react truthfully allowing the repetition to change naturally rather than creating or manipulating a change.

[edit] Notable students

Throughout his career, Meisner worked with and taught students who would later became well known, such as James Caan, Steve McQueen, Robert Duvall, Gregory Peck, Bob Fosse, Diane Keaton, Peter Falk, Jon Voight, Jeff Goldblum, Grace Kelly, James Doohan, Tony Randall and Sydney Pollack. Pollack together with Charles E. Conrad would serve as Meisner's senior assistants. A number of directors also studied with him, among them Sidney Lumet, writers such as Arthur Miller and David Mamet director, writer, and teacher.

[edit] Film Appearances

Though he rarely appeared on film, he performed in Tender Is the Night, The Story on Page One, and Mikey and Nicky. His last acting role was in an episode of the television medical drama ER, an episode which actor Noah Wyle referred to as the highlight of his career.

[edit] The Sanford Meisner Center

Meisner moved to California in his eighth decade of life and opened The Sanford Meisner Center in 1995. As passionate as ever, Meisner was determined to turn the 60 seat theater into a lively school where Meisner graduates would interact with other artists. His school still exists today under the direction of his long time partner Jimmy Carville and is run by his protégé Martin Barter and Alex Cole Taylor.

Sanford Meisner died at the age of 92.

[edit] Famous Meisner quotes

"Acting is the ability to live truthfully under imaginary circumstances."

"The foundation of acting is the reality of doing."

"You know it's all right to be wrong, but it's not all right not to try."

"There's no such thing as nothing."

"Less is more!"

"An ounce of behavior is worth more than a pound of words."

"Silence has a myriad of meanings. In the theater, silence is an absence of words, but never an absence of meaning."

"May I say as the world's oldest living teacher, 'Fuck Polite!'"

"Acting can be fun. Don't let it get around."

[edit] External links

• Sanford Meisner at the Internet Movie Database
• Sanford Meisner Master Class DVD
• Sanford Meisner Biography

The actual quote is 'The seed to the craft of acting is the reality of doing.'

[edit] Notes and references

[edit] Other sources

• Sanford Meisner: The American Theatre’s Best Kept Secret. Dir. Nick Doob. Perf. Sanford Meisner, Robert Duvall, Gregory Peck, Sydney Pollack. 1985.