Napoleonic Wars

United Kingdom
 Austria^[a]
 Russia^[b]
Prussia^[a]
 Spain^[c]
Portugal
Sicily^[d]
Sardinia
 Sweden^[e]
Hanover
United Kingdom of the Netherlands
Nassau
French Royalists(1815)
Brunswick

Holland^[f]
Italy
Etruria^[g]
Naples^[h]
Duchy of Warsaw^[i]
Confederation of the Rhine^[j]:

• Bavaria
• Saxony
• Westphalia
• Württemberg

Denmark-Norway^[k] Ottoman Empire
United States^[m]

Horatio Nelson †
Francis I of Austria
Archduke Charles
Prince Schwarzenberg
Archduke John
Alexander I of Russia
Mikhail Kutuzov
Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
Count Bennigsen
Gebhard von Blücher
Duke of Brunswick †
Prince of Hohenlohe
Francisco Castaños
Miguel de Alava
Ferdinand IV of Sicily
Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
Prince Charles John^[l]
William, Prince of Orange
Prince Frederik
Louis XVIII

Joseph Bonaparte
Louis Alexandre Berthier
Louis Nicolas Davout
Jean Lannes
André Masséna
Michel Ney
Jean-de-Dieu Soult
and other Marshals Admiral Villeneuve
Prince Eugène
Joachim Murat
Prince Poniatowski †
Maximilian I
Frederick Augustus I
Jérôme Bonaparte
Frederick I
Louis Bonaparte
Selim III
James Madison
Andrew Jackson

1. Both Austria and Prussia briefly became allies of France and contributed forces to the French invasion of Russia in 1812.
2. Russia became an ally of France following the Treaty of Tilsit in 1807. The alliance broke down in 1810, which led to the French invasion in 1812. During that time Russia waged war against Sweden (1808-1809) and the Ottoman Empire (1806-1812), and nominally went to war against Britain (1807-1812).
3. Spain, an ally of France until a stealthy French invasion in 1808, defected and fought against France in the Peninsular War.
4. Sicily remained in personal union with Naples until the latter became a French client-republic following the Battle of Campo Tenese in 1806.
5. Nominally, Sweden declared war against the United Kingdom after its defeat by Russia in the Finnish War (1808-1809).
6. The French Empire annexed the Kingdom of Holland in 1810. Dutch troops fought against Napoleon during the Hundred Days in 1815.
7. The French Empire annexed the Kingdom of Etruria in 1807.
8. The Kingdom of Naples, briefly allied with Austria in 1814, allied with France again and fought against Austria during the Neapolitan War in 1815.
9. Napoleon established the Duchy of Warsaw in 1807. Polish Legions had already served in the French army beforehand.
10. Sixteen of France's allies among the German states (including Bavaria and Württemberg) established the Confederation of the Rhine in July 1806 following the Battle of Austerlitz (December 1805). Following the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt (October 1806), various other German states that had previously fought alongside the anti-French allies, including Saxony and Westphalia, also allied with France and joined the Confederation. Saxony changed sides once again in 1813 during the Battle of Leipzig, causing most other member-states to quickly follow suit and declare war on France.
11. Denmark remained neutral until the Battle of Copenhagen (1807).
12. Was a commander for the French Empire, as Marshal Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, 1804-1810.
13. The United States was at war with Great Britain from 1812-1815, and the fighting ended according to the Treaty of Ghent.