1850
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Centuries: | 18th century - 19th century - 20th century |
Decades: | 1820s 1830s 1840s - 1850s - 1860s 1870s 1880s |
Years: | 1847 1848 1849 - 1850 - 1851 1852 1853 |
1850 in topic: |
Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture - |
Art - Literature (Poetry) - Music - Science |
Sports - Rail Transport |
Countries: Australia - Canada - France - Germany - Ireland - Mexico - New Zealand - Norway - South Africa - UK - USA |
Leaders: State leaders - Colonial governors |
Category: Establishments - Disestablishments |
Births - Deaths - Works |
- For the game, see: 1850 (board game).
1850 (MDCCCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday [1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar).
Contents |
[edit] Events of 1850
[edit] January - June
- January 29 - Henry Clay introduces the Compromise of 1850 to the U.S. Congress.
- February 28 - The University of Utah opens in Salt Lake City, Utah.
- March 7 - United States Senator Daniel Webster gives his "Seventh of March" speech in which he endorses the Compromise of 1850 in order to prevent a possible civil war.
- March 16 - Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter is published.
- March 19 - American Express is founded by Henry Wells & William Fargo.
- April 4 - Los Angeles, California is incorporated as a city.
- April 15 - San Francisco, California is incorporated as a city.
- May 7 - The Brigantine USS Advance is loaned to the United States Navy.
- May 16 - The French battleship Le Napoléon is launched.
- May 23 - The USS Advance puts to sea from New York to search for John Franklin's Arctic expedition.
- June 1 - The postage stamp issues of Austria begin with a series of imperforate typographed stamps featuring the coat of arms.
- June 3 - The traditional date of Kansas City, Missouri's founding. This is the date on which it is incorporated by Jackson County, Missouri as the "Town of Kansas".
[edit] July - December
- July - Taiping Rebellion: Hong Xiuquan orders the general mobilisation of rebel forces.
- July 9
- Mírzá 'Alí-Muhammad, known as the Báb, is executed by a firing squad in Tabriz, Persia for claiming to be a prophet.
- Vice President Millard Fillmore becomes the 13th President of the United States following the death of President Taylor.
- August 28 - Richard Wagner's opera Lohengrin premieres.
- September 9
- California is admitted as the 31st U.S. state.
- The New Mexico Territory is organized by order of the U.S. Congress.
- September 18 - The Fugitive Slave Law is passed by the U.S. Congress.
- September 29 - The Catholic hierarchy is re-established in England and Wales by Pope Pius IX.
- October 1 - The University of Sydney (the oldest in Australia) is founded.
- November - Taiping Rebellion: The first clashes of the Taiping Rebellion occur between Imperialist militia and the Heavenly Army.
- November 29 - The treaty called Punctation of Olmütz is signed in Olomouc. It means diplomatic capitulation of Prussia to the Austrian Empire, which takes over the leadership of the German Confederation.
- December 16 - The first settlers for the settlement of Christchurch arrive at the Port of Lyttelton (New Zealand).
[edit] Undated
- The American System of Watch Manufacturing starts in Roxbury, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (the Waltham Watch Company).
- Bingley Hall, the world's first purpose-built exhibition hall, opens in Birmingham, England.
- Allan Pinkerton forms the North-Western Police Agency, later the Pinkerton National Detective Agency.
- France begins to transport colonists to Algeria.
- Rifling becomes common in firearms.
- Entre Ríos Province in Argentina revolts, backed by Brazil in alliance with Paraguay and the Uruguayan Colorado Party.
- Harriet Tubman becomes an official conductor of the Underground Railroad.
- The International Organisation of Good Templars is established, then as the order of the Knights of Jericho.
- St. Mary’s Institute (the future University of Dayton) is founded in in Dayton, OH.
- Manchester reaches 400,000 inhabitants.
- Europeans are 22% of the world population.
[edit] Births
Gregorian calendar | 1850 MDCCCL |
Ab urbe condita | 2603 |
Armenian calendar | 1299 ԹՎ ՌՄՂԹ |
Bahá'í calendar | 6 – 7 |
Berber calendar | 2800 |
Buddhist calendar | 2394 |
Burmese calendar | 1212 |
Byzantine calendar | 7358 – 7359 |
Chinese calendar | 己酉年十一月十九日 (4486/4546-11-19) — to —
庚戌年十一月廿八日(4487/4547-11-28) |
Coptic calendar | 1566 – 1567 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1842 – 1843 |
Hebrew calendar | 5610 – 5611 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1905 – 1906 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1772 – 1773 |
- Kali Yuga | 4951 – 4952 |
Holocene calendar | 11850 |
Iranian calendar | 1228 – 1229 |
Islamic calendar | 1266 – 1267 |
Japanese calendar | Kaei 3 (嘉永3年) |
Korean calendar | 4183 |
Thai solar calendar | 2393 |
[edit] January - June
- January - John Barclay Armstrong, Texas Ranger and U.S. Marshal (d. 1913)
- January 4 - Frederick York Powell, English historian and scholar (d. 1904)
- January 6 - Eduard Bernstein, German social democratic theoretician and politician (d. 1932)
- January 6 - Xaver Scharwenka, Polish-German composer (d. 1924)
- January 10 - John Wellborn Root, U.S. architect (d. 1891)
- January 11 - Philipp von Ferrary, Italian stamp collector (d. 1917)
- January 14 - Pierre Loti, French sailor and writer (d. 1923)
- January 15
- Mihai Eminescu, Romanian romantic poet (d. 1889)
- Leonard Darwin, son of the British naturalist Charles Darwin (d. 1943)
- Sofia Kovalevskaya, Russian mathematician (d. 1891)
- January 17 - Aleksandr Taneyev, Russian composer (d. 1918)
- January 18 - Seth Low, American educator (d. 1916)
- January 19 - Augustine Birrell, English author and politician (d. 1933)
- January 24
- Hermann Ebbinghaus, German psychologist (d. 1909)
- Mary Noailles Murfree, American novelist (d. 1922)
- January 27
- John Collier, British writer and painter (d. 1934)
- Edward Smith, captain of the Titanic (d. 1912)
- Samuel Gompers, U.S. labor union leader (d. 1924)
- January 28 - Edward Merritt Hughes, U.S. Navy officer (d. 1903)
- January 29
- Ebenezer Howard, British urban planner (d. 1928)
- Lawrence Hargrave, Australian engineer (d. 1915)
- February 12 - William Morris Davis, U.S. geographer (d. 1934)
- February 14 - Kiyoura Keigo, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1942)
- February 15 - Albert B. Cummins, U.S. political figure (d. 1926)
- February 17 - Alf Morgans, Premier of Western Australia (d. 1933)
- February 18 - George Henschel, English musician (d. 1934)
- February 23 - César Ritz, Swiss hotelier (d. 1918)
- February 27
- Henry Huntington, U.S. railroad pioneer and art collector (d. 1927)
- Laura E. Richards, U.S. author (d. 1943)
- March 7
- Tomáš Masaryk, President of Czechoslovakia (d. 1937)
- Champ Clark, U.S. politician (d. 1921)
- Éphrem-A. Brisebois, Canadian police officer (d. 1890)
- Georg von Vollmar, Socialist politician in Bavaria (d. 1922)
- March 9 - Hamo Thornycroft, British sculptor (d. 1925)
- March 10 - Spencer Gore, British tennis player and cricketer (d. 1906)
- March 13 - Hugh John Macdonald, premier of Manitoba (d. 1929)
- March 26 - Edward Bellamy, U.S. author (d. 1898)
- March 31 - Charles Doolittle Walcott, U.S. invertebrate paleontologist (d. 1927)
- April 8 - John Peters, American 19th century baseball player (d. 1924)
- April 9 - Julius Wernher, German-born British businessman and art collector (d. 1912)
- April 11 - Isidor Rayner, U.S. senator (d. 1912)
- April 12 - Nikolai Golitsyn, Prime Minister of Russia (d. 1925)
- April 13 - Arthur Matthew Weld Downing, British astronomer (d. 1917)
- April 15
- William Thomas Pipes, Nova Scotia politician (d. 1909)
- Edmund Peck, Canadian missionary (d. 1924)
- April 16 - Paul von Breitenbach, German railway planner (d. 1930)
- April 18 - Joseph Labadie, U.S. labor organizer (d. 1933)
- April 20 - Daniel Chester French, U.S. sculptor (d. 1931)
- April 24 - Murdo MacKenzie, Scottish-Brazilian rancher (d. 1939)
- April 26
- Harry Bates, British sculptor (d. 1899)
- James Drake, Australian politician (d. 1915)
- April 27 - Hans Hartwig von Beseler, German soldier (d. 1921)
- April 29 - George Murdoch, first mayor of Calgary (d. 1910)
- May 1 - Prince Arthur of the United Kingdom (d. 1942)
- May 3 - Johnny Ringo, U.S. cowboy (d. 1892)
- May 4 - Emanuel Schiffers, Russian chess player (d. 1904)
- May 7 - Anton Seidl, Hungarian conductor (d. 1898)
- May 8 - Ross Barnes, U.S. baseball player (d. 1915)
- May 10 - Thomas Lipton, Scottish merchant and yachtsman (d. 1931)
- May 12
- Henry Cabot Lodge, U.S. statesman (d. 1924)
- Charles McLaren, 1st Baron Aberconway, Scottish Liberal politician and jurist (d. 1934)
- May 12 - Frederick Holder, premier of South Australia (d. 1909)
- May 14 - Alva Adams, Governor of Colorado (d. 1922)
- May 18 - Oliver Heaviside, British engineer (d. 1925)
- May 21 - Giuseppe Mercalli, Italian volcanologist (d. 1914)
- May 26 - James Kenyon, British pioneer of cinematography (d. 1925)
- May 27 - Thomas Neill Cream, serial killer (d. 1892)
- May 28 - Frederic William Maitland, English jurist and historian (d. 1906)
- May 30 - Frederick Dent Grant, U.S. soldier and statesman (d. 1912)
- June 2
- Jesse Boot, 1st Baron Trent, British businessman (d. 1931)
- Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer, responsible for diabetes mellitus (d. 1935)
- June 3 - Albert M. Todd, American businessman and politician (d. 1931)
- June 5 - Pat Garrett, American bartender and sheriff (d. 1908)
- June 6 - Karl Ferdinand Braun, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1918)
- June 12 - Roberto Ivens, Portuguese explorer of Africa (d. 1898)
- June 15 - Charles Hazelius Sternberg, U.S. fossil collector and amateur paleontologist (d. 1943)
- June 18 - Cyrus Hermann Kotzschmar Curtis, U.S. publisher (d. 1933)
- June 21 - Daniel Carter Beard, U.S. scouting pioneer (d. 1941)
- June 22 - Ignaz Goldziher, Jewish Hungarian orientalist (d. 1921)
- June 24 - Horatio Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, British field marshal and statesman (d. 1916)
- June 27
- Ivan Vazov, Bulgarian poet (d. 1921)
- Lafcadio Hearn, Greco-Japanese author (d. 1904)
- Jørgen Pedersen Gram, Danish mathematician (d. 1916)
[edit] July - December
- July 2 - Robert Ridgway, U.S. ornithologist (d. 1929)
- July 8 - Charles Rockwell Lanman, U.S. Sanskrit scholar (d. 1941)
- July 11 - Annie Armstrong, U.S. missionary leader (d. 1938)
- July 12
- Newell Sanders, U.S. businessman and politician (d. 1938)
- Otto Schoetensack, German anthropologist (d. 1912)
- July 15 - Mother Cabrini, U.S. saint (d. 1917)
- July 20 - John G. Shedd, U.S. businessman (d. 1926)
- July 28 - William Whittingham Lyman, U.S. vintner (d. 1921)
- July 31
- Robert Love Taylor, Tennessee congressman (d. 1912)
- Robert Planquette, French composer of stage musicals (d. 1903)
- August - Bernardo Reyes, Mexican general (d. 1913)
- August 5 - Guy de Maupassant, French writer (d. 1893)
- August 6 - Henri Chantavoine, French writer (d. 1918)
- August 9 - Johann Büttikofer, Swiss zoologist (d. 1929)
- August 13 - Philip Bourke Marston, English poet (d. 1887)
- August 14 - W. W. Rouse Ball, British mathematician (d. 1925)
[edit] Deaths
[edit] January - June
- January 2 - Manuel de la Peña y Peña, interim President of Mexico (b. 1789)
- January 20 - Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger, Danish poet and playwright (b. 1779)
- January 22
- William Joseph Chaminade, French Catholic priest (b. 1761)
- Saint Vincent Pallotti, Italian missionary (b. 1795)
- January 26 - Francis Jeffrey, Scottish judge and literary critic (b. 1773)
- January 27
- Johann Gottfried Schadow, German sculptor (b. 1764)
- Philipp Roth, composer (b. 1779)
- February 4 - Daniel Turner, officer in the United States Navy (b. 1794)
- February 20 - Valentín Canalizo, acting president of Mexico (b. 1794)
- February 23 - Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer, British military officer and colonial administrator (b. 1775)
- February 25 - Daoguang Emperor of the Qing dynasty of China (b. 1782)
- February 27 - Samuel Adams, Democratic Governor of the State of Arkansas (b. 1805)
- March 3 - Oliver Cowdery, U.S. religious leader (b. 1806)
- March 13
- Juan Martín de Pueyrredón y O'Dogan, Argentine general and politician (b. 1776)
- Owen Stanley, British naval officer and explorer of New Guinea (b. 1811)
- March 26 - Samuel Turell Armstrong, U.S. political figure (b. 1784)
- March 27 - Wilhelm Beer, German banker and astronomer (b. 1797)
- March 28 - Gerard Brandon, Governor of Mississippi (b. 1788)
- March 31 - John C. Calhoun, 7th Vice President of the United States (b. 1782)
- April 7 - William Lisle Bowles, English poet and critic (b. 1762)
- April 9 - William Prout, English chemist and physician (b. 1785)
- April 12 - Adoniram Judson, U.S. Baptist missionary (b. 1788)
- April 16 - Marie Tussaud, French wax sculptor (b. 1761)
- April 17 - Jan Krukowiecki, Polish general (b. 1772)
- April 23 - William Wordsworth, English poet (b. 1770)
- April 24 - John Norvell, U.S. newspaperman and senator (b. 1789)
- May 1 - Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville, French zoologist and anatomist (b. 1777)
- May 10 - Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French chemist and physicist (b. 1778)
- May 12 - Frances Sargent Osgood, U.S. poet (b. 1811)
- May 21 - Christoph Friedrich von Ammon, German theological writer and preacher (b. 1766)
- May 24
- Jane Porter, English novelist (b. 1776)
- Michał Gedeon Radziwiłł, Polish noble (b. 1778)
- May 31 - Giuseppe Giusti, Tuscan satirical poet (b. 1809)
- June 9 - John Green Crosse, English surgeon
- June 16 - William Lawson, British explorer of New South Wales (b. 1774)
- June 19 - Margaret Fuller, American journalist (b. 1810)
- June 30 - Richard Dillingham, American Quaker teacher (b. 1823)
[edit] July - December
- July 2 - Robert Peel, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1788)
- July 4 - William Kirby, English entomologist (b. 1759)
- July 7 - Timothy Hackworth, British steam locomotive engineer
- July 8 - Prince Adolphus of the United Kingdom, 1st Duke of Cambridge (b. 1774)
- July 9
- The Báb, Persian founder of the Bábí Faith (b. 1819) (executed by firing squad)
- Zachary Taylor, 12th President of the United States (b. 1784)
- Jean Pierre Boyer, President of Haiti (b. 1776)
- July 12 - Robert Stevenson, Scottish lighthouse engineer (b. 1772)
- July 14 - August Neander, German theologian and church historian (b. 1789)
- July 25 - Richard Barnes Mason, military governor of California (b. 1797)
- August 3 - Jacob Jones, U.S. Navy officer (b. 1768)
- August 6
- Edward Walsh, Irish poet (b. 1805)
- Hone Heke, Maori chief and war leader
- August 13 - Martin Archer Shee, Irish painter and president of the Royal Academy (b. 1770)
- August 17 - General José de San Martín, Argentine military and South American independence hero (b. 1778)
- August 18
- Charles Arbuthnot, British Tory politician (b. 1767)
- Honoré de Balzac, French author (b. 1799)
- August 22 - Nikolaus Lenau, Austrian poet (b. 1802)
- August 26 - King Louis-Philippe of France (b. 1773)
- August 27 - Thomas Kidd, English classical scholar and schoolmaster (b. 1770)
- September 2 - Charles Watkin Williams-Wynn, British Tory politician (b. 1775)
- September 12 - Presley O'Bannon, officer in the United States Marine Corps (b. 1784)
- September 22 - Johann Heinrich von Thünen, German economist (b. 1783)
- September 23 - José Gervasio Artigas, Uruguayan revolutionary (b. 1764)
- October 2 - Sarah Biffen, English painter (b. 1784)
- October 29 - Marmaduke Williams, Democratic-Republican U.S. Congressman from North Carolina (b. 1774)
- November 2 - Richard Dobbs Spaight, Jr., Democratic governor of the U.S. state of North Carolina (b. 1796)
- November 3 - Thomas Ford, governor of Illinois (b. 1800)
- November 4 - Gustav Schwab, German classical scholar (b. 1792)
- November 9 - François-Xavier-Joseph Droz, French writer on ethics and political science (b. 1773)
- November 19 - Richard Mentor Johnson, Vice President of the United States (b. 1780)
- November 22 - Lin Zexu, Chinese politician (b. 1785)
- November 30 - Germain Henri Hess, Swiss chemist and doctor (b. 1802)
- December 4
- Robert Gilfillan, Scottish poet (b. 1798)
- William Sturgeon, English physicist and inventor (b. 1783)
- December 10
- Józef Bem, Polish general (b. 1794)
- François Sulpice Beudant, French mineralogist and geologist (b. 1787)
- December 22 - William Plumer, U.S. lawyer and lay preacher (b. 1759)
- December 24 - Frédéric Bastiat French author and economist (b. 1801)
- December 28 - Heinrich Christian Schumacher, German astronomer (b. 1780)
- date unknown
- Edward Bickersteth, English evangelical divine (b. 1786)
- Elizabeth Simcoe, wife of John Graves Simcoe (b. 1762)
- Nur Singh, regent of Manipur
- Tan Tock Seng, Singaporean businessman philanthropist
- William Hamilton Maxwell, Scots-Irish novelist (b. 1792)
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[edit] Notes
- ^ "Calendar in year 1850 (Russia)" (Julian calendar, starting Tuesday), webpage: Julian-1850 (Russia used the Julian calendar until 1919).