Mexican literature
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The literature of Mexico has its antecedents in the literatures of the indigenous settlements of Mesoamerica. The "mestizaje" of the literature of the colonial period is evident in the incorporation of numerous local terms and in some of the themes that are touched upon in works of the period. During this period, New Spain spawned baroque writers such as Bernardo de Balbuena, Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora, Juan Ruiz de Alarcón and Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz.
Toward the end of the colonial period there emerged figures such as José Joaquín Fernández de Lizardi, whose work is considered emblematic of Mexican picaresque. Due to the political instability of the 19th century, Mexico—already an independent nation—saw a decline not only in its literature but in the other arts as well. During the second half of the 19th century Mexican literature became revitalized with works such as Los Mexicanos Pintados Por Si Mismos, a book that gives us an approximate idea of how intellectuals of the period saw their contemporaries. Toward the end of the century Mexican writers adopted the common tendencies of the period. Two modernist poets that stand out are Amado Nervo and Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera.
The inception of the Mexican Revolution favored the growth of the journalistic genre. Once the civil conflict ended, the theme of the Revolution appeared as a theme in novels, stories and plays by Mariano Azuela and Rodolfo Usigli. This tendency would anticipate the flowering of a nationalist literature, which took shape in the works of writers such as Rosario Castellanos and Juan Rulfo. There also appeared on the scene an "indigenous literature," which purported to depict the life and thought of the indigeneous people's of Mexico, although, ironically, none of the authors of this movement were indigeneous. Among them Ricardo Pozas and Francisco Rojas Gonzalez stand out.
There also developed less mainstream movements such as that of the "estridentistas," with figures that include Arqueles Vela and Manuel Maples Arce (1920's). Other literary movements include that of Los Contemporáneos, which was represented by writers like Salvador Novo, Xavier Villaurrutia and José Gorostiza. Toward the end of the 20th century Mexican literature had become diversified in themes, styles and genres. In 1990 Octavio Paz became the first Mexican—and up until this point the only one—to win the Nobel Prize for Literature.
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[edit] Chronology
[edit] Awards
Nobel Prize for Literature: Octavio Paz; Cervantes Prize: Octavio Paz, Carlos Fuentes, Sergio Pitol; Neustadt Prize: Octavio Paz, Carlos Fuentes (candidate), Homero Aridjis (candidate); Jerusalem Prize: Octavio Paz; Alfonso Reyes Prize: Octavio Paz, Juan José Arreola, José Emilio Pacheco, Ali Chumacero, José Luis Martínez, Ramón Xirau, Rubén Bonifaz Nuño, National Prize for Literature: Octavio Paz, Sergio Pitol, Juan Rulfo, Carlos Monsivais, Juan José Arreola, Margo Glantz, Elena Poniatowska, Ali Chumacero, Vicente Leñero, Mariano Azuela, Alfonso Reyes, Jaime Sabines; Menendez y Pelayo International Prize: Octavio Paz, Carlos Fuentes, José Luis Martínez; Prince of Asturias Award: Carlos Fuentes, Juan Rulfo; Guggenheim Fellowship: Sergio Pitol, Homero Aridjis, Juan García Ponce, Margo Glantz, Elena Poniatowska, Fernando del Paso, Vicente Leñero, Ramón Xirau, Rubén Bonifaz Nuño; Romulo Gallegos Prize: Carlos Fuentes, Elena Poniatowska, Fernando del Paso, Ángeles Mastretta; Federico Garcia Lorca Prize: José Emilio Pacheco; Juan Rulfo Prize: Sergio Pitol, Carlos Monsiváis, Tomás Segovia, Juan José Arreola, Juan García Ponce; Octavio Paz Prize: Tomás Segovia, José Emilio Pacheco.
[edit] Further reading
English:
- Mexican writers on writing / [1]., 2007
- Mexico: A Traveler's Literary Companion, edited by C.M. Mayo
- Through their eyes : marginality in the works of Elena Poniatowska, Silvia Molina and Rosa Nissán / Nathanial Gardner., 2007
- Bordering fires : the vintage book of contemporary Mexican and Chicano/a literature / Cristina García., 2006
- Mexican voices : crónica de crónicas / Ilan Stavans., 2004
- The Contemporáneos Group : rewriting Mexico in the thirties and forties / Salvador Oropesa., 2003
- Mexican masculinities / Robert McKee Irwin., 2003
- Culture, politics and national identity in Mexican literature and film, 1929-1952 / Anne Doremus., 2001
- The shattered mirror : [representations [2] of women in Mexican literature / María Elena de Valdés., 1998
- Contemporary Mexican women writers : five voices / Gabriella De Beer., 1996
- Mexican literature : a history / David William Foster., 1994
- Broken bars : new perspectives from Mexican women writers / Kay S García., 1994
- Textured lives : women, art, and representation in modern Mexico / Claudia Schaefer., 1992
- Mexican literature : a bibliography of secondary sources / David William Foster., 1992
- Dictionary of Mexican literature / Eladio Cortés., 1992
- New writing from Mexico / Reginald Gibbons., 1992
- Storm : new writing from Mexico / Joanna Labor., 1992
- La Malinche in Mexican literature from history to myth / Sandra Messinger Cypess., 1991
- Bordering difference : culture and ideology in 20th century Mexico / Kemy Oyarzún., 1991
- Plotting women : gender and representation in Mexico / Jean Franco., 1989
- Mexican literature : a bibliography of secondary sources / David William Foster., 1981
- Precursors of the novel of the Mexican revolution / Roland Grass., 1974
- Bridging the gap; articles on Mexican literature / Jefferson Rea Spell., 1971
- History of Mexican literature / Carlos González Peña., 1968
- The eye of Mexico / Ramón Xirau., 1959
- A brief anthology of Mexican prose / Solomon Rosenberg., 1928
- Readings from modern Mexican authors / Frederick Starr., 1904
Spanish:
- Caleidoscopio crítico de literatura mexicana contemporánea / Adriana Hernández Sandoval., 2006
- Permanencia y destino de la literatura novohispana : historia y crítica / José Pascual Buxó., 2006
- Letras mexicanas: ensayos críticos sobre escritores mexicanos de la segunda mitad del siglo veinte / Alessandra Luiselli., 2006
- De El Periquillo al Pericazo : ensayos sobre literatura y cultura mexicana / Juan Carlos Ramírez-Pimienta., 2006
- Heterodoxos mexicanos : una antología dialogada / Rubén Gallo., 2006
- Veinte aventuras de la literatura mexicana / José Joaquín Blanco., 2006
- La creación del imaginario del indio en la literatura mexicana del siglo XIX / Conrado Quintero., 2005
- Protagonistas de la literatura mexicana / Emmanuel Carballo., 2005
- Prodigios novohispanos : ensayos sobre literatura de la Colonia / Margarita Peña., 2005
- Personerío : del siglo XX mexicano / José de la Colina., 2005
- Aristas : acercamientos a la literatura mexicana / Mario Calderón., 2005
- Nación, sociedad y utopía en el romanticismo mexicano / Carlos Illades., 2005
- Escrituras en contraste : femenino, masculino en la literatura mexicana del siglo XX / Maricruz Castro., 2004
- Escritores y escritos de la revolufia / Alvaro Ochoa., 2004
- Literatura mexicana de la modernidad / María Teresa Colchero., 2004
- Humanismo mexicano del siglo XX / Alberto Saladino García., 2004
- Literatura y cultura populares de la Nueva España / Mariana Masera., 2004
- Literatura y emblemática : estudios sobre textos y personajes novohispanos / Ma Isabel Terán Elizondo., 2004
- Apuntes sobre líteratura, cultura y otras notas más / Gerardo Bobadilla., 2004
- Arbitrario de literatura mexicana / Adolfo Castañón., 2003
- Aproximaciones literarias / Oscar Dávila., 2003
- Memoria : XVIII Coloquio de las Literaturas Mexicanas / Alma Leticia Martínez Figueroa., 2003
- La otra Nueva España : la la palabra marginada en la colonia / Mariana Masera., 2002
- Elevación y caída del estridentismo / Evodio Escalante., 2002
- Historia y literatura mexicana en el comienzo del siglo XX / Ignacio Betancourt., 2002
- La literatura nacional : revistas, ensayos, biografías y prólogos / Ignacio Manuel Altamirano., 2002
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[edit] References
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