Getty Center

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USGS satellite image of the Getty Center. The complex of buildings at bottom right is the Museum. In addition, "a circular building to the west of the Central Garden houses the Getty Research Institute.... Two buildings to the north and east of the Arrival Plaza house the Getty Foundation, the Getty Conservation Institute, and the J. Paul Getty Trust administration offices."[1] Microsoft Virtual Earth view of the Center at a different angle.

The Getty Center in Brentwood, Los Angeles, California, USA, is the current home of part of the J. Paul Getty Museum. The museum's permanent collection includes "pre-20th-century European paintings, drawings, illuminated manuscripts, sculpture, and decorative arts; and 19th- and 20th-century American and European photographs".[2] Among the works on display is the painting Irises by Vincent van Gogh.

The Center, which opened on December 16, 1997,[3] is also well-known for its architecture, gardens, and view (overlooking Los Angeles). Besides the Museum, the Center's buildings house the Getty Research Institute, the Getty Conservation Institute, the Getty Foundation, and the administrative offices of the J. Paul Getty Trust which owns and operates the Center.

Contents

[edit] Location and history

The purchase of the land upon which the Center is located -- a campus of 24 acres (97,000 m2) on a 110-acre (0.45 km2) site in the Santa Monica Mountains above Interstate 405, surrounded by 600 acres (2.4 km2) kept in a natural state -- was announced in 1983[4]. The top of the hill is 900 feet (270 m) above I-405, high enough that on a clear day it is possible to see not only the Los Angeles skyline but also the San Bernardino Mountains to the east as well as the Pacific Ocean to the west[5][6].

In 1984, Richard Meier was chosen to be the architect of the Center[7]. After an extensive conditional-use permit process,[4] construction began in August 1989.[8]

The construction was significantly delayed, with the planned completion date moved from 1988 to 1995 (as of 1990)[9]. By 1995, however, the campus was described as only "more than halfway complete".[4]

The Center finally opened to the public on December 16, 1997.[3][10] Although the total project cost was estimated to be $350 million as of 1990[9], it was later estimated to be $1.3 billion.[11]

[edit] Architecture

The Getty Center at dusk

Richard Meier has exploited the two naturally occurring ridges (which diverge at a 22.5 degree angle) by overlaying two grids along these axes. These grids serve to define the space of the campus while dividing the import of the buildings on it. Along one axis lie the galleries and along the other axis lie the administrative buildings. The primary grid structure is a 30-inch (760 mm) square; most wall and floor elements are 30-inch (760 mm) squares or some derivative thereof.

The buildings at the Getty Center are made from concrete and steel with either travertine or aluminium cladding.[1]

Throughout the campus, numerous fountains provide white noise as a background. The initial design has remained intact, however benches and fences have been installed around the plaza fountains to discourage visitors from wading into the pools. Some additional revisions have been made in deference to the Americans with Disabilities Act.

The north promontory is anchored by a circular grass area which serves as a heliport in case of emergencies, and the south promontory is anchored by a succulent plant and cactus garden.

The museum has a seven-story deep underground parking garage with over 1,200 parking spaces. An automated three-car tram takes passengers to and from the museum.

[edit] Museum

Main article: J. Paul Getty Museum

The collection of the J. Paul Getty Museum on display at the Getty Center includes "pre-20th-century European paintings, drawings, illuminated manuscripts, sculpture, and decorative arts; and 19th- and 20th-century American and European photographs"[2]. The paintings include:

  • Arii Matamoe (The Royal End) by Paul Gauguin (1892). The Museum's director, Michael Brand, stated that the purchase of the painting was “one of the key moments in the history of our collection”[12]. The literal translation of the Tahitian words of the title are "noble" and "sleeping eyes," which implies "death"[13].
  • Irises by Vincent Van Gogh (1889). The Museum purchased the painting in 1990; it had sold for $53.9 million in 1987.[14]
  • Portrait of a Halberdier by Pontormo (1528-1530).[15] When the Museum bought the painting for $35.2 million at an auction in 1989, "the price more than tripled the previous record at auction for an Old Master painting".[16]
  • A copy of Portrait of Louis XIV, which measures 114 x 62-5/8 inches, by the workshop of Hyacinthe Rigaud (after 1701).[17]

The five museum galleries, called pavilions, are North, East, South, West and the Changing Exhibit pavilion. The artwork is displayed throughout the pavilions chronologically: the North houses the oldest art while the West houses the newest. The first floor galleries house light-sensitive art, such as illuminated manuscripts, furniture or photography. Computer-controlled skylights on the second floor galleries allow paintings to be displayed in natural light. The second floors are connected by a series of glass enclosed bridges and open terraces, both of which offer views of the surrounding hillsides and central plaza.

[edit] Central Garden

The Central Garden in April 2007
The Central Garden as seen from the Museum

The 134,000-square-foot (12,400 m2) Central Garden at the Getty Center is the work of artist Robert Irwin.[18] Planning for the garden began in 1992, construction started in 1996, and the garden was completed in December 1997.[19]

Irwin was quoted as saying that the Central Garden "is a sculpture in the form of a garden, which aims to be art"[20]. A tree-lined walkway descends to a plaza, while water in a stream criss-crosses the walkway, continues through the plaza, and goes over a stone waterfall into a round pool[18]. A maze of azaleas floats in the pool, around which is a series of specialty gardens[18]. More than 500 varieties of plant material are used for the Central Garden, but the selection is "always changing, never twice the same".[18]

[edit] Getty Research Institute (GRI)

The Getty Research Institute, seen from the Central Garden
Main article: Getty Research Institute

The Getty Research Institute (GRI) is "dedicated to furthering knowledge and advancing understanding of the visual arts"[21]. Among other holdings, GRI's research library contains about 900,000 volumes of books, periodicals, and auction catalogs; special collections; and two million photographs of art and architecture[22]. GRI's other activities include exhibitions, publications, and a residential scholars program.[21] At the Getty Center, GRI is located to the west of the museum.[1]

[edit] Getty Conservation Institute (GCI)

Main article: Getty Conservation Institute

The Getty Conservation Institute (GCI), which is headquartered at the Getty Center but also has facilities at the Getty Villa, commenced operation in 1985.[23] It "serves the conservation community through scientific research, education and training, model field projects, and the dissemination of the results of both its own work and the work of others in the field" and "adheres to the principles that guide the work of the Getty Trust: service, philanthropy, teaching, and access"[23]. GCI has activities in both art conservation and architectural conservation.[24] Its offices are north of the museum.[1]

[edit] Getty Foundation

Main article: Getty Foundation

The Getty Foundation awards grants for "the understanding and preservation of the visual arts"[25]. In addition, it runs the Getty Leadership Institute for "current and future museum leaders".[26] Its offices are north of the museum.[1]

[edit] J. Paul Getty Trust

Main article: J. Paul Getty Trust

The J. Paul Getty Trust oversees the Getty Conservation Institute, Getty Foundation, Getty Research Institute, and J. Paul Getty Museum. Its offices are north of the museum.[1]

[edit] Preparation for natural disasters

[edit] Earthquakes

Although the Center's site was thought to have little motion during earthquakes which are frequent in the Los Angeles area, in 1994, as the Center was being constructed, the Northridge earthquake struck[27]. It caused "disturbing hairline cracks... in the welds and plated joints of the steel framework"[28]. As a result, the steelwork through the site was retrofitted[28]. The Center's buildings are thought to be able to survive an earthquake of 7.5 magnitude on the Richter scale[27].

[edit] Fires

A number of measures were or are taken to help prevent fires at the Center, including:

  • In the 16 electrical transformers at the Center, silicone fluid is used as a coolant "with less risk of ignition" than hydrocarbon coolant.[29]
  • The native flammable chaparral was removed and fire-resistant poverty weed was added to the slopes around the Center.[28]
  • Each year, a herd of goats is hired to clear brush on the surrounding hills.[30]

A number of other measures help to suppress any fires that might occur or to prevent damage from them, including:

  • At the north end of the Center, a tank with a million gallons of water, together with a grass-covered helipad, allow helicopters to collect water[31][32].
  • The access ramp from the entry plaza to the museum was constructed to allow a fire truck to pass over it[28].
  • Inside the museum, the sprinkler system is designed to balance "between the potential damage of a fire and the risk of water damage to valuable artwork"/[33]

[edit] Photographs and visitor information

[edit] Panoramic view looking south

The near 180 degree panoramic view of Los Angeles looking south from the Getty on an exceptionally clear day. The 405 freeway intersects the view
The near 180 degree panoramic view of Los Angeles looking south from the Getty on an exceptionally clear day. The 405 freeway intersects the view

[edit] Additional images

Westwood skyline, as viewed from the Getty Center; Downtown Los Angeles is on the horizon.

Cactus Garden perched on the edge of the Getty Center, with West Los Angeles in the background

The Getty Center, seen from a hill in Bel-Air

A garden at the Getty Center

A rest area in the garden

A stairway leading down to the Central Garden

Stairway at the Getty Center

The fountain at the tram station.

A hazy Westwood skyline behind the Getty Center.

The Getty Center as seen from the garden.

Close-up of some flowers in the Central Garden as of March 2007.

[edit] Visitor information

  • The Center is located at 1200 Getty Center Drive, Los Angeles, California, west of the San Diego Freeway and north of the Santa Monica Freeway.
  • Parking is $10 per car, and "reservations are neither required nor accepted."
  • The Metro Rapid public transportation bus line 761 "stops at the main gate on Sepulveda Boulevard."
  • The Center is closed Mondays.
  • Admission is free.

For more information, visitors should consult the Getty web site[34].

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Architecture (Visit the Getty). Retrieved September 10, 2008.
  2. ^ a b Art on View (Visit the Getty). Retrieved August 22, 2008.
  3. ^ a b The Getty Center: Reflecting on 10 Years.
  4. ^ a b c Moody, Lori. In the home stretch - half-finished Getty Center nearing landmark status. Daily News of Los Angeles, April 18, 1995.
  5. ^ Morgenstern, Joe. Getty opens mammoth hilltop center to public. Wall Street Journal (Eastern edition), December 16, 1997.
  6. ^ Hardy, Terri. Covering all angles - "preview" a coveted assignment. Daily News of Los Angeles, December 10, 1997.
  7. ^ Miller, Daryl H. Meier: centering on a landmark. Daily News of Los Angeles, December 20, 1987.
  8. ^ Construction under way on Getty Center. Los Angeles Times, August 13, 1989.
  9. ^ a b Muchnic, Suzanne. Catching up with the Getty Center. Art: A look at the $350-million Getty Center in Brentwood as it moves toward a 1995 completion date. Los Angeles Times, October 22, 1990.
  10. ^ Sullivan, Deborah. Getty's message to the world: come on in! Daily News of Los Angeles, December 17, 1997.
  11. ^ Muchnic, Suzanne. Five years of the Getty; Isolated? Elitist? L.A. makes the Getty its own in surprising ways. Los Angeles Times, December 15, 2002.
  12. ^ Wyatt, Edward. Getty Museum buys a seldom-exhibited Gauguin. New York Times, March 12, 2008. Retrieved August 26, 2008.
  13. ^ J. Paul Getty Museum. Arii Matamoe (The Royal End). Retrieved August 26, 2008.
  14. ^ Kimmelman, Michael. Getty buys van Gogh "Irises," but won't tell price. New York Times, March 22, 1990. Retrieved August 26, 2008.
  15. ^ J. Paul Getty Museum. Portrait of a Halberdier (Francesco Guardi?). Retrieved August 26, 2008.
  16. ^ Reif, Rita. Old Master auctioned for record $35 million. New York Times, June 1, 1989. Retrieved August 26, 2008.
  17. ^ J. Paul Getty Museum. Portrait of Louis XIV. Retrieved August 26, 2008.
  18. ^ a b c d Gardens (Visit the Getty). Retrieved August 23, 2008.
  19. ^ The Central Garden (Getty Press Release). Retrieved August 23, 2008.
  20. ^ Wilson, Karen C. The Getty Center Museum quality Center's largest 'exhibit' will surely grow on visitors. San Diego Union-Tribune, November 30, 1997.
  21. ^ a b About the Research Institute (Research at the Getty). Retrieved August 23, 2008.
  22. ^ Research Library Overview (Research at the Getty). Retrieved August 23, 2008.
  23. ^ a b J. Paul Getty Trust. About the Conservation Institute. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
  24. ^ Adams, Eric. The Getty's conservation mission. Architecture, December 1997, vol. 86, issue 12.
  25. ^ Getty Foundation. About the Foundation. Retrieved September 18, 2008.
  26. ^ Getty Foundation. The Leadership Institute. Retrieved September 18, 2008.
  27. ^ a b Rosenbaum, Lee. View from the Getty: what its billions bought. Art in America, May 1998. Retrieved October 23, 2008.
  28. ^ a b c d Meier, Richard (1997). Building the Getty. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0375400438. 
  29. ^ Parson, Ellen. Transformer system provides reliability and fire safety at Getty Complex. EC&M Electrical Construction & Maintenance, January 1998, Vol. 97, Issue 1.
  30. ^ Bartholomew, Dana. No visit of the Santa Anas is a match for the blazing brush clearance skills of - Getty's goats. Daily News of Los Angeles, May 14, 2008.
  31. ^ Cosin, Elizabeth. Museum designed to enhance art experience. Daily News of Los Angeles, August 18, 1996.
  32. ^ Feigenbaum, Gail. Radical cactus: the other garden at the Getty Center. Australian Humanities Review, Issue 36, July 2005. Retrieved October 23, 2008.
  33. ^ Earls, Alan R. Balancing art and fire safety. NFPA Journal, January 2003. Retrieved October 23, 2008.
  34. ^ Hours, Directions, Parking. The Getty Center Los Angeles and The Getty Villa Malibu. Retrieved September 10, 2008.

[edit] For further reading

  • Williams, Harold Marvin (1991). The Getty Center: design process. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Trust. ISBN 978-0892362103. 
  • Williams, Harold Marvin (1997). Making architecture: the Getty Center. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Trust. ISBN 978-0892364633. 
  • Brawne, Michael (1998). The Getty Center: Richard Meier & Partners. London: Phaidon. ISBN 978-0714837994. 
  • Mulas, Antonia; Richard Meier; Massimo Vignelli (1998). Richard Meier: the Getty Center. Tolentino (Macerata): Poltrona Frau. ISBN 978-8881582693. 
  • Deal, Joe (1999). Between nature and culture: photographs of the Getty Center by Joe Deal. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum. ISBN 978-0892365494. 
  • Weschler, Lawrence; Becky Cohen (2002). Robert Irwin Getty garden. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum. ISBN 978-0892366200. 
  • Duggan, Jim; Becky Cohen (2003). Plants in the Getty's Central Garden. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum. ISBN 978-0892367146. 

[edit] External links

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Coordinates: 34°04′39″N 118°28′30″W / 34.0775, -118.475

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