Kabardino-Balkaria

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Kabardino-Balkar Republic (English)
Кабардино-Балкарская Республика (Russian)
Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ (Kabardian)
Къабарты-Малкъар Республика (Balkar)
Coat of Arms Flag

Coat of arms of Kabardino-Balkaria
Flag of Kabardino-Balkaria
Anthem: National Anthem of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic
Capital Nalchik
Established January 5, 1936
Political status Republic
Federal District Southern[1]
Economic region North Caucasus[2]
Code
ISO 3166-2:RU		 07
RU-KB
Area
Area[3] 12,500 km² (4,826.3 sq mi)
- Rank within Russia 78th
Population (as of the 2002 Census)
Population[4] 901,494 inhabitants
- Rank within Russia 60th
- Density 72.1/km² (186.7/sq mi)
- Urban[4] 56.6%
- Rural[4] 43.4%
Official language(s) Russian, Kabardian, Balkar[5]
Government (as of October 2008)
President[6] Arsen Kanokov[7]
Legislative body Parliament[6]
Constitution Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic
Official website
none

The Kabardino-Balkar Republic (Russian: Кабарди́но-Балка́рская Респу́блика; Kabardian: Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ; Balkar: Къабарты-Малкъар Республика), or Kabardino-Balkaria (Russian: Кабарди́но-Балка́рия), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic) located in the North Caucasus. The direct romanization of the republic's name in the Russian language is Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika, or Kabardino-Balkariya.

Contents

[edit] Geography

The republic is situated in the North Caucasus mountains, with plains in the northern part.

[edit] Time zone

Kabardino-Balkaria is located in the Moscow Time Zone (MSK/MSD). UTC offset is +0300 (MSK)/+0400 (MSD).

[edit] Rivers

Major rivers include:

[edit] Lakes

Detailed map of Kabardino-Balkaria

There are around one hundred lakes in the Republic, none of which are large. Just over half (fifty-five) are located between the Baksan and Malka Rivers, the largest each of an area of no more than 0.01 square kilometers (0 sq mi). Some of the lakes are:

[edit] Mountains

Other major mountains include:

[edit] Natural resources

Kabardino-Balkaria's natural resources include molybdenum, tungsten ores, and coal.

[edit] Climate

The republic has a continental type climate.

  • Average January temperature: −4 °C (24.8 °F) (plains) to −12 °C (10.4 °F) (mountains).
  • Average July temperature: +23 °C (73.4 °F) (plains) to +4 °C (39.2 °F) (mountains)
  • Average annual precipitation: 500-2,000 mm.

[edit] Administrative divisions

Main article: Administrative divisions of Kabardino-Balkaria

[edit] Demographics

  • Population: 901,494 (2002)
    • Urban: 510,346 (56.6%)
    • Rural: 391,148 (43.4%)
    • Male: 422,720 (46.9%)
    • Female: 478,774 (53.1%)
  • Females per 1000 males: 1,133
  • Average age: 30.9 years
    • Urban: 32.4 years
    • Rural: 29.0 years
    • Male: 29.1 years
    • Female: 32.8 years
  • Number of households: 227,922 (with 891,783 people)
    • Urban: 144,872 (with 504,085 people)
    • Rural: 83,050 (with 387,698 people)
  • Vital statistics (2005)
    • Births: 8,991 (birth rate 10.0)
    • Deaths: 9,034 (death rate 10.1)
  • Ethnic groups

Kabardino-Balkaria consists of two ethnic territories, one predominantly of Kabardin (speakers of a North-West Caucasian language) and the other predominantly Balkars (speakers of a Turkic language). According to the 2002 Census, Kabardin make up 55.3% of the republic's population, followed by Russians (25.1%) and Balkars (11.6%). Other groups include Ossetians (9,845, or 1.1%), Turks (8,770, or 1.0%), Ukrainians (7,592, or 0.8%), Armenians (5,342, or 0.6%), Koreans (4,722, or 0.5%), Chechens (4,241, or 0.5%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.

census 1926 census 1939 census 1959 census 1970 census 1979 census 1989 census 2002
Kabardins 122,402 (60.0%) 152,237 (42.4%) 190,284 (45.3%) 264,675 (45.0%) 303,604 (45.5%) 364,494 (48.2%) 498,702 (55.3%)
Balkars 33,197 (16.3%) 40,747 (11.3%) 34,088 (8.1%) 51,356 (8.7%) 59,710 (9.0%) 70,793 (9.4%) 104,951 (11.6%)
Russians 15,344 (7.5%) 129,067 (35.9%) 162,586 (38.7%) 218,595 (37.2%) 234,137 (35.1%) 240,750 (31.9%) 226,620 (25.1%)
Ossetians 4,078 (2.0%) 4,608 (1.3%) 6,442 (1.5%) 9,167 (1.6%) 9,710 (1.5%) 9,996 (1.3%) 9,845 (1.1%)
Ukrainians 17,213 (8.4%) 11,142 (3.1%) 8,400 (2.0%) 10,620 (1.8%) 12,139 (1.8%) 12,826 (1.7%) 7,592 (0.8%)
Others 11,772 (5.8%) 21,328 (5.9%) 18,315 (4.4%) 33,790 (5.7%) 47,246 (7.1%) 55,672 (7.4%) 53,784 (6.0%)

[edit] History

Main article: History of Kabardino-Balkaria

[edit] Politics

The head of government in Kabardino-Balkaria is the President. The current President is Arsen Kanokov, who has held the position since September 2005.

The legislative body of the Republic is the Parliament comprising two chambers with 36 deputies elected for a five year term each—the Council of the Republic and the Council of Representatives.

The Constitution of Kabardino-Balkaria was adopted on September 1, 1997.

[edit] Economy

The economy of Kabardino-Balkaria is primarily agricultural, with lumber production and mining. Most of the industry centers on agricultural processing. The fall of the Soviet Union and the outbreak of the various conflicts in the Caucasus have hit the republic hard, causing a collapse in tourism in the region and producing an unemployment level estimated to be as high as 90%. Poverty is reported to be an endemic problem in the republic.

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 1. Федеральные округа», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 1. Federal Districts, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER).
  2. ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER).
  3. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_03.htm. Retrieved on 2008-10-17. 
  4. ^ a b c Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_04_1.htm. Retrieved on 2008-10-17. 
  5. ^ Constitution, Article 76.1
  6. ^ a b Constitution, Article 11.1
  7. ^ Official website of the President of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic

[edit] Sources

  • Парламент Кабардино-Балкарской Республики. №28-РЗ 1 сентября 1997 г. «Конституция Кабардино-Балкарской Республики», в ред. Закона №39-РЗ от 10 июля 2008 г. (Parliament of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic. #28-RZ September 1, 1997 Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, as amended by the Law #39-RZ of July 10, 2008).

[edit] External links

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabardino-Balkaria"
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