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Featured article: August 5, 2007

Mauna Loa

Mauna Loa is an active shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, one of five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii. Mauna Loa is Earth's largest volcano, with a volume estimated at approximately 18,000 cubic miles (75,000 km³), although its peak is about 36 m (120 ft) lower than that of its neighbor, Mauna Kea. Lava eruptions from Mauna Loa are very fluid and the volcano has extremely shallow slopes as a result. The volcano has probably been erupting for at least 700,000 years and may have emerged from the sea about 400,000 years ago. Its magma comes from a hotspot in the Earth's mantle far beneath the island that has been responsible for the creation of the Hawaiian island chain for tens of million of years. The slow drift of the Pacific Plate will eventually carry the volcano away from the hotspot, and the volcano will thus become extinct within 500,000 to one million years from now. The first recorded summiting of Mauna Loa was in 1794 by naturalist Archibald Menzies, then-Lieutenant Joseph Baker, and two others. Mauna Loa's most recent eruption occurred from March 24, 1984 to April 15, 1984. In view of the hazards it poses to population centers, Mauna Loa is part of the Decade Volcanoes program, which encourages studies of the most dangerous volcanoes. Mauna Loa has been intensively monitored by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) since 1912. Observations of the atmosphere are undertaken at the Mauna Loa Observatory, and of the Sun at the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory, both located near its summit. (more...)

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Featured picture: February 6, 2008

Eurymeloides bicincta

A Two-lined Gum Treehopper (Eurymeloides bicincta), approx 10 mm (0.4 in) in length, on a eucalyptus branch, having its secretions consumed by a meat ant. This is one of at least 20,000 described species of leafhopper, a family of insects that is mainly plant-eating, but some species predate small insects such as aphids.

Photo credit: Fir0002

Featured list: Timeline of chemistry

An image from John Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy, the first modern explanation of atomic theory.

Timeline of chemistry lists important works, discoveries, ideas, inventions, and experiments that significantly changed mankind's understanding of the composition of matter and of the interactions thereof, the modern science known as chemistry. The history of chemistry in its modern form is often considered to begin with the Irish scientist Robert Boyle, though its roots can be traced back to the earliest recorded history.

Pre-17th century

Aristotle (384-322 BCE)
c. 3000 BCE
Egyptians formulate the theory of the Ogdoad, or the “primordial forces”, from which all was formed. These were the elements of chaos, numbered in eight, that existed before the creation of the sun.[1]
c. 1900 BCE
Hermes Trismegistus, semi-mythical Egyptian adept king, is thought to have founded of the art of alchemy.[2]
c. 1200 BCE
Tapputi-Belatikallim, a perfume-maker and early chemist, was mentioned in a cuneiform tablet in Mesopotamia.[3]

17th and 18th centuries

1605
Sir Francis Bacon publishes The Proficience and Advancement of Learning, which contains a description of what would later be known as the scientific method.[4]
1605
Michal Sedziwój publishes the alchemical treatise A New Light of Alchemy which proposed the existence of the "food of life" within air, much later recognized as oxygen.[5]
1615
Jean Beguin publishes the Tyrocinium Chymicum, an early chemistry textbook, and in it draws the first-ever chemical equation.[6]
1637
René Descartes publishes Discours de la méthode, which contains an outline of the scientific method.[7]
1648
Posthumous publication of the book Ortus medicinae by Jan Baptist van Helmont, which is cited by some as a major transitional work between alchemy and chemistry, and as an important influence on Robert Boyle. The book contains the results of numerous experiments and establishes an early version of the Law of conservation of mass.[8]

Featured topic: Main asteroid belt

5 articles
Featured article Main asteroid belt
Featured article Ceres
Good article 2 Pallas
Good article 4 Vesta
Good article 10 Hygiea

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