Forms of direct democracy in the American states

From Ballotpedia

The seven generally acknowledged forms of direct democracy are the legislatively-referred constitutional amendment, the legislatively-referred state statute, the initiated state statute (direct or indirect), the initiated constitutional amendment, the veto referendum (sometimes called the citizen referendum or the statute referendum), the statute affirmation (available only in Nevada), and statewide recall.

• Only seven states enable the six most common forms of direct democracy. Those seven states are Arizona, California, Michigan, Montana, Nevada (which also has the statute affirmation), North Dakota and Oregon.
• The chart below doesn't include the statute affirmation as a category since it is only available in one state.
• Delaware is the only state whose citizens are not empowered to ratify or reject legislatively-referred constitutional amendments at the ballot box.

State	Legislatively-referred state statute	Legislatively-referred constitutional amendment	Initiated state statute	Initiated constitutional amendment	Veto referendum	Recall
Alabama	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Alaska	No	Yes	Yes (indirect)	No	Yes	Yes
Arizona	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Arkansas	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
California	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Colorado	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Connecticut	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Delaware	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Florida	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No
Georgia	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes
Hawaii	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Idaho	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Illinois	Yes	Yes	No	Yes (very limited)	No	No
Indiana	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Iowa	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Kansas	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes
Kentucky	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No
Louisiana	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes
Maine	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No
Maryland	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No
Massachusetts	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Michigan	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Minnesota	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes
Mississippi	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No
Missouri	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Montana	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Nebraska	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Nevada	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
New Hampshire	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
New Jersey	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes
New Mexico	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No
New York	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
North Carolina	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
North Dakota	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Ohio	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Oklahoma	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Oregon	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Pennsylvania	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Rhode Island	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes
South Carolina	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
South Dakota	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Tennessee	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Texas	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Utah	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No
Vermont	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Virginia	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Washington	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
West Virginia	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Wisconsin	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes
Wyoming	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes

External links

• Chart of direct democracy options available by state