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This page was last updated on 21 September 2005
The cases listed below have helped to define and clarify case law relating to direct discrimination in employment.
At the end of each summary, you will find links to other cases which have looked at similar areas of the law.
Key to hearings:
ET Employment Tribunal; EAT Employment Appeals Tribunal; CA Court of Appeal; HL House of Lords; CC Crown Court; SC Sheriff's Court (Scotland)
Case |
Areas of law addressed |
Hearing |
Commission for Racial Equality -v- Dutton [1989] | Indirect discrimination; racial group or ground; discrimination other than by employers | CA |
Dawkins -v- Department of the Environment sub nom Crown Suppliers PSA [1993] | Direct discrimination; indirect discrimination; racial grounds or group; ethnic origins | EAT |
Champson -v- Department of Education and Science [1989] | Indirect discrimination; justification | EAT |
Mandla and another -v- Lee [1983] |
Indirect discrimination; racial group or ground; discrimination other than by employers |
EAT |
Meer -v- London Borough of Tower Hamlets [1988] | Indirect discrimination; requirement or condition; selection arrangements | CA |
Ojutiku and Uburoni -v- Manpower Services Commission [1982] | Indirect discrimination; justification; discrimination by others than employers (Section 13 RRA) | CA |
Orphanos -v- Queen Mary College [1985] | Indirect discrimination; racial group or ground: nationality; justification; discrimination other than by employers | HL |
Panesar -v- The Nestle Co. Ltd [1980] | Indirect discrimination; justification of indirect discrimination; selection arrangements | EAT |
Perera -v- (1) The Civil Service Commission and (2) The Department of Customs and Excise [1983] | Direct discrimination; indirect discrimination | CA |
Aina -v- Employment Service [2001] | Indirect discrimination | ET |
Coker and Osamor -v- Lord Chancellor and Lord Chancellor's Department [2002] | Indirect discrimination: pool for comparison of those who meet, or do not meet, a requirement or condition | CA |
Jaffrey -v- Department of Environment, Transport and Regions [2002] | Direct discrimination; indirect discrimination | EAT |
Tyagi -v- BBC World Service [2001] | Indirect discrimination; selection arrangements; continuing discrimination | CA |