Voiced palatal plosive
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| IPA – number | 108 |
| IPA – text | ɟ |
| IPA – image |  |
| Entity | ɟ |
| X-SAMPA | J\ |
| Kirshenbaum | J |
 Sound sample (help·info) |
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The voiced palatal plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɟ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is J\. The IPA symbol can be considered either a lowercase dotless j with a stroke or a turned lowercase letter f.
The sound does not exist as a phoneme in English, but is perhaps most similar to a voiced postalveolar affricate [dʒ], as in English jump (although it is a stop, not an affricate; the most similar stop phoneme to this sound in English is [g], as in get), and because it is difficult to get the tongue to touch just the hard palate without also touching the back part of the alveolar ridge,[1] [ɟ] is a less common sound worldwide than [dʒ]. It is also common for the symbol /ɟ/ to be used to represent a palatalized voiced velar plosive, or other similar affricates, for example in the Indic languages. This may be considered appropriate when the place of articulation needs to be specified and the distinction between stop and affricate is not contrastive, and therefore of secondary importance.
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[edit] Features
Features of the voiced palatal plosive:
- Its manner of articulation is plosive or stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.
- Its place of articulation is palatal which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised against the hard palate.
- Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.
[edit] Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albanian | gjuha | [ˈɟuha] | 'tongue' | ||
| Arabic[2] | Sudanese | example needed | -- | -- | Some dialects; corresponds to /dʒ/ in other varieties. See Arabic phonology |
| Yemeni | example needed | -- | -- | ||
| Asu | [mbuɟi] | 'goat' | |||
| Basque | anddere | [aɲɟeɾe] | 'doll' | ||
| Catalan | Majorcan[3] | sargantana | [səɾɟən'tanə] | 'lizard' | Corresponds to /ɡ/ in other varieties: [səɾɣəntánə]. See Catalan phonology |
| Corsican | fighjulà | [viɟɟuˈla] | 'to watch' | Also present in the gallurese dialect | |
| Czech | dělám | [ɟɛlaːm] | 'I do' | See Czech phonology | |
| Dinka | jir | [ɟir] | 'blunt' | ||
| Ega[4] | [ɟé] | 'become numerous' | |||
| Greek | μετάγγιση | [me̞ˈtaɲɟisi] | 'transfusion | See Modern Greek phonology | |
| Hungarian[5] | gyám | [ɟaːm] | 'guardian' | See Hungarian phonology | |
| Irish | Gaeilge | [ˈgeːlʲɟə] | 'Gaelic' | See Irish phonology | |
| Latvian | ģimene | [ˈɟimene] | 'family' | ||
| Macedonian | раѓање | [ˈraɟaɲɛ] | 'birth' | ||
| Norwegian | northern dialects | fadder | [fɑɟːeɾ] | 'godparent' | See Norwegian phonology |
| Occitan | Auvergnat | diguèt | [ɟiˈgɛ] | 'said' (3rd pers. sing.) | |
| Limousin | dissèt | [ɟiˈʃɛ] | |||
| Slovak | ďaleký | [ˈɟaʎɛkiː] | 'far' | ||
| Turkish | güneş | [ɟyˈneʃ] | 'sun' | See Turkish phonology | |
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Ladefoged (2005:162)
- ^ Watson (2002:16)
- ^ Recasens & Espinosa (2005:1)
- ^ Connell, Ahoua & Gibbon (2002:100)
- ^ Ladefoged (2005:164)
[edit] Bibliography
- Connell, Bruce; Ahoua, Firmin; Gibbon, Dafydd (2002), "Ega", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 32 (1): 99-104
- Ladefoged, Peter (2005). Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.). Blackwell.
- Recasens, Daniel; Espinosa, Aina (2005), "Articulatory, positional and coarticulatory characteristics for clear /l/ and dark /l/: evidence from two Catalan dialects", Journal of the International Phonetic Association (1): 1-25
- Watson, Janet (2002). The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic. New York: Oxford University Press.
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