Voiceless uvular plosive
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| IPA – number | 111 |
| IPA – text | q |
| IPA – image |  |
| Entity | q |
| X-SAMPA | q |
| Kirshenbaum | q |
 Sound sample (help·info) |
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The voiceless uvular plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is pronounced like [k], except that the tongue makes contact not on the soft palate but on the uvula. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is q, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is q.
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[edit] Features
Features of the voiceless uvular plosive:
- Its manner of articulation is plosive or stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.
- Its place of articulation is uvular which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) against or near the uvula.
- Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.
[edit] Varieties of [q]
| IPA | Description |
|---|---|
| q | plain velar fricative |
| qʷ | labialised |
| q’ | ejective |
| qʷ’ | ejective labialised |
| q̜ʷ | semi-labialised |
| q̹ʷ | strongly labialised |
| qʲ | palatalised |
| qʲ’ | ejective palatalised |
[edit] Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aleut[1] | qiighax̂ | [qiːɣaχ] | 'grass' | ||
| Arabic | Standard[2] | القرآن | [ʔalqurˈʔaːn] | 'the Qur'an' | See Arabic phonology |
| Avar | рахъу | [raˈqːu] | 'ashes' | always geminated | |
| Chechen | кхоъ/qo’ | [qɔʔ] | 'three' | ||
| Eyak | g̣u.jih | [quːtʃih] | 'wolf' | ||
| Inuktitut | ᐃ"ᐃᑉᕆᐅᖅᑐᖅ /ihipqiuqtuq’ | [ihipɢiuqtuq] | 'explore' | Represented by a <ᕆ>. See Inuit phonology | |
| Iraqw | [qeːt] | 'break' | |||
| Kabardian | экхъыл | [ɑqɪɮ] | 'intellect' | Contrasts with a labialized form | |
| Kabyle | aqcic | [aqʃiʃ] | 'boy' | ||
| Kazakh | Қазақстан | [qɑzɑqˈstɑn] | 'Kazakhstan' | An allophone of the voiceless velar plosive before back vowels. | |
| Ket | қан | [qan] | 'begin' | ||
| Klallam | qəmtəm | [qəmtəm] | 'iron' | ||
| Kutenai | qaykiťwu | [qajkitʼwu] | 'nine' | ||
| Nivkh | тяқр̆ | [tʲaqr̥] | 'three' | ||
| Persian | Kermani dialect | قورباغه | [quːrbɒɣe] | 'frog' | See Persian phonology |
| Quechua[3] | qallu | [qaʎu] | 'tongue' | ||
| Sahaptin | qu | [qu] | 'heavy' | ||
| Somali | qaab | [qaːb] | 'shape' | See Somali phonology | |
| St’át’imcets | teq | [təq] | 'to touch' | ||
| Tadaksahak | [qoq] | 'dry' | |||
| Tlingit | ghagw | [qɐ́kʷ] | 'tree spine' | Tlingit contrasts six different uvular plosives | |
| Tsimshian | gwildmḵa̱p'a | [gʷildmqɑpʼa] | 'tobacco' | ||
| Ubykh | /maqʷəta/ | 'hoe' | Ubykh has ten different uvular plosives. See Ubykh phonology | ||
| Uyghur | aq | [təq] | 'white' | ||
| Yukaghir | Northern | маарх | [maːrq] | 'one' | |
| Southern | атахл | [ataql] | 'two' | ||
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Ladefoged (2005:165)
- ^ Watson (2002:13)
- ^ Ladefoged (2005:149)
[edit] Bibliography
- Ladefoged, Peter (2005). Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.). Blackwell.
- Watson, Janet (2002). The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic. New York: Oxford University Press.
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