Pacific typhoon
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A Pacific typhoon or tropical storm is a tropical cyclone that forms in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.The basin is demarcated within the Pacific Ocean from Asia, north of the equator, and west of the international date line.[1] Storms from the Eastern and Central Pacific crossing the date line are re-designated as typhoons. This basin features the strongest cyclones on record.
Typhoon seasons include the entirety of the calendar year. Most storms tend to form between May and November, although they can occur at other times of the year as well.
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[edit] Etymology
The word "typhoon" comes from the convergence of several unrelated words with similar sound and meaning. One origin is the Greek Typhon, the god of the winds, who personifies storm winds. Another origin is the Chinese 大風/大风, literally "big wind", pronounced in Cantonese as daai6fung1, borrowed by Venetian merchants visiting the East Indies to describe cyclonic storms in the South China Seas. The Arabic, Persian, and Hindi terms tufan may have been borrowed from the Greek.[2]
The modern terms for typhoon in Chinese (traditional Chinese: 颱風; simplified Chinese: 台风; pinyin: táifēng; Jyutping: toi4fung1) and Japanese taifū (台風 ?) do not seem to be related.
[edit] Climatology
Nearly one-third of the world's tropical cyclones form within the Western Pacific. This makes this basin the most active.[3] Pacific typhoons have formed year round, with peak months from August to October. The peak months correspond to that of the Atlantic hurricane seasons. Along with a high storm frequency, this basin also features the most globally intense storms on record.
| Month | Count | Average |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 28 | 0.6 |
| Feb | 15 | 0.3 |
| Mar | 26 | 0.6 |
| Apr | 39 | 0.8 |
| May | 64 | 1.4 |
| Jun | 96 | 2.0 |
| Jul | 215 | 4.6 |
| Aug | 312 | 6.6 |
| Sep | 262 | 5.6 |
| Oct | 219 | 4.7 |
| Nov | 134 | 2.9 |
| Dec | 75 | 1.6 |
| Annual | 1484 | 31.6 |
| Source: JTWC[4] | ||
| Rank | Name | Pressure | Location | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Typhoon Tip | 870 mbar | Western Pacific | 1979 |
| 2 | Typhoon Gary | 872 mbar | Western Pacific | 1992‡ |
| 2 | Typhoon Ivan | 872 mbar | Western Pacific | 1997‡ |
| 2 | Typhoon Joan | 872 mbar | Western Pacific | 1997‡ |
| 2 | Typhoon Keith | 872 mbar | Western Pacific | 1997‡ |
| 2 | Typhoon Zeb | 872 mbar | Western Pacific | 1998‡ |
| 7 | Typhoon June | 875 mbar | Western Pacific | 1975 |
| 8 | Typhoon Ida | 877 mbar | Western Pacific | 1958 |
| 8 | Typhoon Nora | 877 mbar | Western Pacific | 1973 |
| 10 | Typhoon Rita | 878 mbar | Western Pacific | 1978 |
| 10 | Typhoon Yvette | 878 mbar | Western Pacific | 1992‡ |
| 10 | Typhoon Damrey | 878 mbar | Western Pacific | 2000‡ |
| ‡ Minimum central pressure of these storms was estimated based on satellite data rather than directly measured. |
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[edit] Paths
Typhoon paths follow three general directions.[3]
- Straight. A general westward path affects the Philippines, southern China, Taiwan, and Vietnam.
- Recurving. Storms recurving affect eastern China, Taiwan, Korea, and Japan.
- Northward. From point of origin, the storm follows a northerly direction, only affecting small islands.
[edit] Basin monitoring
The following agencies monitor typhoons:
- Joint Typhoon Warning Center
- Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)
- RSMC Tokyo-Typhoon Center, part of the Japan Meteorological Agency
[edit] Name sources
The list of names consist of entries from 17 East Asian nations and the United States who have territories directly affected by typhoons. The submitted names are arranged into five lists; and each list is cycled with each year. Unlike hurricanes, typhoons are not named after people. Instead, they generally refer to animals, flowers, astrological signs, and a few personal names. However, PAGASA retains its own naming list, which does consist of human names.[1] Therefore, a typhoon can possibly have two names. Storms that cross the date line from the Central Pacific retain their original name, but the designation of hurricane becomes typhoon. However in Japan, Taifun are simply numbered in sequence to their occurrence in the calendar year. "Taifun Number 3", for example.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b "How typhoons are named". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/weather/hurricane/typhoon-names.htm. Retrieved on 2008-08-18.
- ^ Online Etymology Dictionary - typhoon
- ^ a b "Examining the ENSO". James B Elsner, Kam-Biu Liu. 2003-10-08. http://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2003/25/c025p043.pdf. Retrieved on 2007-08-18.
- ^ "2005 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: Western Pacific". JTWC. 2005. https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/atcr/2005atcr/chapter1/chapter1.html. Retrieved on 2007-08-26.
