Hillhouse Avenue
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| Hillhouse Avenue Historic District | |
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| (U.S. Registered Historic District) | |
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| Location: | New Haven, Connecticut |
| Coordinates: | Coordinates: |
| Built/Founded: | 1792 |
| Architect: | Town and Davis, Henry Austin, et al. |
| Architectural style(s): | Victorian |
| Added to NRHP: | October 13, 1985 |
| NRHP Reference#: | 85002507 |
| Governing body: | Private |
Hillhouse Avenue, described, according to tradition, by both Charles Dickens and Mark Twain as "the most beautiful street in America," [1], is in New Haven, Connecticut and is home to many nineteenth century mansions including the president's house at Yale University.
The avenue is named for James Hillhouse (1743-1832) (and his son James Abraham Hillhouse, 1789-1841), innovator in land use in New Haven, who began the program of tree planting that gave New Haven its nickname, The Elm City, and who laid out the Trumbull Plan for Yale College and the Grove Street Cemetery.
Hillhouse Avenue was initially called Temple Avenue, and was staked out, 150 feet (46 m) wide, by Hillhouse employee, and later Yale president, Jeremiah Day, in 1792. The avenue ran from the Green at Temple Street to a hilltop location where James Abraham Hillhouse built the family mansion, Highwood (later called Sachem's Wood), in 1828. The houses along the wide avenue were set back with room for trees creating a park-like effect. The elms which once shaded the street were lost to Dutch Elm disease, but mature oak trees have largely taken their place.
The avenue was privately owned until 1862. Because of the nature of the street, its lots, and its orientation to the nine-square-grid of New Haven (the nation's first planned city), Hillhouse Avenue is sometimes considered to be the first suburb in the United States.
The Hillhouse mansion was razed in 1942 by the will of James Abraham's daughter, Isaphene. In time, Hillhouse Avenue came to be divided into an upper, residential area, and a lower portion for public buildings and the Farmington Canal. It is now just two blocks long, running from Grove to Sachem. The area was designated the Hillhouse Avenue Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.[2]
Yale now owns all of the properties on Hillhouse except for St. Mary's Church and its parish house. Many of the mansions of the upper area have been converted for use by the School of Management and other academic departments, and have been completely restored. Lower Hillhouse primarily includes university buildings, a number of them formerly part of the Sheffield Scientific School. There are several houses designed by architects Ithiel Town, Henry Austin and Alexander Jackson Davis. The area of Hillhouse's mansion at the end of the avenue is now a section of Yale's campus known as Science Hill.
[edit] Selected Structures on Hillhouse Avenue
- Cloister Hall (now Warner House), 1888. Brownstone building originally served the Book and Snake fraternity of the Sheffield School. Now home to Yale Career Services.
- Kirtland Hall, Dunham Laboratory, Mason Laboratory, Leet Oliver Memorial Hall. Yale University buildings originally part of the Sheffield Scientific School.
- St. Mary's Church and parish house.
- James Dwight Dana House, Henry Austin, 1845-1848. Now home to the Yale Statistics Department.
- Sheffield-Town Mansion. Ithiel Town, 1836. Additions for Joseph Earl Sheffield by Henry Austin in 1859. Razed in 1957.
- Yale University Collection of Musical Instruments, 1895. Romanesque structure built originally for the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity.
- Abigail Whelpey House, 1826. The oldest house standing on Hillhouse. This Federal structure was altered in the 1860s with a mansard roof and dormer windows by Noah Porter, later President of Yale. The house, now known as Allwin Hall, has served as a residence for Yale administrators.[3]
- Mary Prichard House, 1836. This Greek revival design by Alexander Jackson Davis includes a two-story Corinthian porch with white columns. It is also known as the Provost's House and has been used to house Yale administration.[4]
- Henry Farnum House, Russell Sturgis, 1871. Redesigned with Victorian features removed in 1934. It has been the home of Yale's presidents since 1937.
- John Pitkin Norton House (Steinbach Hall, Yale School of Management), 1849, Tuscan/Italian Villa on Hillhouse Avenue designed by Henry Austin.
- Charles Henry Farnam House, J. Cleaveland Cady, 1884. Queen Anne style.
- Pelitiah Perit (Horchow Hall, Yale School of Management), Sidney Mason Stone, 1859. Renaissance revival/Tuscan.
- Graves-Dwight House, 1862. This villa is now used by the Yale Anthropology Department.
- Apthorp House (Evans Hall, Yale School of Management), Town and Davis, 1836 (with extensive subsequent remodeling).
- Skinner House (Yale International Center of Finance), Town and Davis, 1832. Landmark Greek Revival.
- Graves-Gilman House (now 37 Hillhouse), 1866. Victorian Italian Villa. Home of Sheffield professor, Daniel Coit Gilman. Converted into apartments for married Yale students (1946-1957). George H. W. Bush lived here while he was a student and his son lived here until the age of two. Now used by the Yale Department of Economics.
[edit] References
[edit] Sources
- Holden, Reuben A., Yale: A Pictorial History, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1967.
- Pinnell, Patrick L., Yale University: The Campus Guide, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, 1999.
- Kelley, Brooks Mather, New Haven Heritage, New Haven Preservation Trust, 1974.
- Hillhouse Avenue Historic District, New Haven Preservation Trust
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