1913
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Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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Centuries: | 19th century - 20th century - 21st century |
Decades: | 1880s 1890s 1900s - 1910s - 1920s 1930s 1940s |
Years: | 1910 1911 1912 - 1913 - 1914 1915 1916 |
1913 by topic: |
Subject: Archaeology - Architecture - Art |
Aviation - Film - Literature (Poetry) Meteorology - Music (Country) Rail transport - Radio - Science |
Sports - Television |
Countries: Australia - Canada - India - Ireland - Malaysia - New Zealand - Norway - Singapore - South Africa - Soviet Union - UK - United States - Zimbabwe |
Leaders: Sovereign states - State leaders |
Religious leaders - Law |
Categories: Births - Deaths - Works - Introductions |
Establishments - Disestablishments - Awards |
Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar).
Contents: |
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[edit] Events
[edit] January
- January 13
- Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Incorporated, a public service sorority, is founded on the campus of Howard University by 22 collegiate women.
- The Irish Ulster Volunteers are reorganized into the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) by the Ulster Unionist Party, with the intention of defending Ulster against Home Rule.
- January 23 - Coup of 1913 in the Ottoman Empire: The CUP, lead by Enver Pasha, overthrows the Liberal Union coalition and introduces a military dictatorship.
- January 30 - The House of Lords rejects the third Irish Home Rule Bill.
[edit] February
- February 1 - New York City's Grand Central Terminal, having been rebuilt, reopens as the world's largest train station.
- February 3 - The 16th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect income taxes.
- February 4 - The trial of the remnants of the Bonnot Gang begins in France.
- February 9 - The Great Fireball Procession, a chain of slow, large meteors moving from northwest to southeast, is sighted over North America, particularly in Canada.
- February 17 - The Armory Show opens in New York City. It displays the works of artists who are to become some of the most influential painters of the early 20th Century.
[edit] March
- March - The House of Romanov celebrates the 300th anniversary of their succession to the throne, amidst an outpouring of monarchist sentiment in Russia.
- March 4
- Woodrow Wilson succeeds William Howard Taft as the 28th President of the United States.
- The U.S. Department of Commerce and U.S. Department of Labor are established by splitting the duties of the 10-year-old Department of Commerce and Labor.
- The first U.S. law regulating the shooting of migratory birds is passed.
- March 5-March 7 - First Battle of Bud Dajo: American troops decisively defeat Moro rebels in the Philippines.
- March 7 - The British freighter Alum Chine, carrying 343 tons of dynamite, explodes in Baltimore harbour.[1]
- March 12 - Australia begins building the new federal capital of Canberra.
- March 13 - Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa returns to Mexico from his self-imposed exile in the United States.
- March 18 - King George I of Greece is assassinated.
- March 20 - Sung Chiao-jen, a founder of the Chinese nationalist party (KMT), is wounded in an assassination attempt and dies 2 days after.
- March 25
- Mexican Revolution: Venustiano Carranza announces his Plan of Guadalupe, and begins his rebellion against Victoriano Huerta's government as head of the Constitutionals.
- 2 days of rain in the Miami Valley flood the region and mark the worst natural disaster in Ohio's recorded history. Dayton is especially devastated in this great flood.
- March 26 - Balkan War: Bulgarian forces take Adrianople.
[edit] April
- April 8 - The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is passed, dictating the direct election of senators.
- April 24 - The Woolworth Building opens in New York City.
- April 26 - Mary Phagan is raped and strangled on the premises of the National Pencil Factory in Atlanta. Leo Frank is tried and convicted for the crime.
- April 29 - Swedish engineer Gideon Sundback of Hoboken patents all-purpose zipper
[edit] May
- May - The Paul Emile Chabas painting September Morn creates a national sensation in the U.S., and results in a court case in Chicago, Illinois.
- May 13 - Igor Sikorsky becomes the first person to pilot a 4-engine aircraft.
- May 14 - New York Governor William Sulzer approves the charter for the Rockefeller Foundation, which begins operations with a $100,000,000 donation from John D. Rockefeller.
- May 29 - Igor Stravinsky's ballet score The Rite of Spring premieres in Paris, causing a riot that very night.
- May 30 - First Balkan War: A peace treaty is signed in London, ending the war.
[edit] June
- June - The first edition of the Christian esoteric magazine Rays from the Rose Cross is published in the United States (it is still issued bimonthly today).
- June 4 - Emily Davison, a British suffragette, runs out in front of the King's horse, Anmer, at the Epsom Derby. She is trampled and dies 4 days later in the hospital, never having regained consciousness.
- June 13 - A Great Gorge and International Railway trolley and passengers are buried under the contents of an overhead garbage chute, that breaks in Niagara Falls, New York.
- June 15 - Bud Bagsak Massacre: U.S. troops under General John 'Black Jack' Pershing kill at least 2,000 civilians in Bud Bagsak, the Philippines.
- June 24 - Joseph Cook becomes the 6th Prime Minister of Australia.
[edit] July
- July 3 - The 50th anniversary commemoration of the Battle of Gettysburg draws thousands of American Civil War veterans and their families to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
- July 10 - Death Valley, California hits 134 °F (~56.7 °C) which is the highest temperature recorded in the United States (as of 2004[update]).
[edit] August
- August 4 - In China, the province of Chungking declares independence; Chinese Republican forces crush the rebellion in a couple of weeks.
- August 10 - Macedonia is divided after the Second Balkan War, according to the Treaty of Bucharest.
- August 13 - Stainless steel is invented by Harry Brearley in Sheffield.
- August 15 - The Dublin Strike & Lockout begins; all trade union members are dismissed.
- August 20 - 700 feet above Buc, France, parachutist Adolphe Pegond jumps from an airplane and lands safely.
[edit] September
- September 19 - Francis Ouimet wins the U.S. Open by 5 strokes, becoming the first amateur to ever win the event.
- September 23 - French aviator Roland Garros flies over the Mediterranean.
- September 29
- Rudolf Diesel disappears en route to Britain.
- Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa is elected commander of the "Northern Division" of the Constitutionals.
[edit] October
- October 1 - Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa's troops take Torreón after a 3-day battle, when government troops retreat.
- October 3 - The United States Revenue Act of 1913 re-imposes the federal income tax and lowers basic tariff rates from 40% to 25%.
- October 10 - U.S. President Woodrow Wilson triggers the explosion of the Gamboa Dike, ending construction on the Panama Canal.
- October 19 - The DLRG (German Life Saving Society) is founded.
- October 31 - The Lincoln Highway, the first automobile road across the United States, is dedicated.
[edit] November
- November 1 - Panama Canal employees reach their highest number (56,654) since construction began in 1904.
- November 5 - The insane King Otto of Bavaria is deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumes the title Ludwig III.
- November 6 - Mohandas Gandhi is arrested while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.
- November 7-11 - The Great Lakes Storm of 1913 kills more than 250.
- November 26 - Phi Sigma Sigma, the first non-sectarian sorority, is founded at Hunter College in New York.
[edit] December
- December 1
- The Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving assembly line, reducing chassis assembly time from 12½ hours in October to 2 hours, 40 minutes (although Ford is not the first to use an assembly line, his successful adoption of one sparks an era of mass production).
- Crete, having obtained self rule from Turkey after the first Balkan War, is annexed by Greece.
- December 12
- Emperor of Ethiopia Menelik II dies and is succeeded by his grandson Iyasu V of Ethiopia.
- Vincenzo Perugia tries to sell the Mona Lisa in Florence and is arrested.
- December 21 - Arthur Wynne's "word-cross", the first crossword puzzle, is published in the New York World.
- December 23 - The Federal Reserve is created by Woodrow Wilson.
- December 30 - Italy returns the Mona Lisa to France.
- December - The Gateway of India is constructed at Mumbai, to commemorate the first entry of Queen Victoria into India.
[edit] Undated
- Female suffrage is enacted in Norway.
- The British steamship Calvadas disappears in the Marmara Sea with 200 hands on board.
- Dutch physicist Willem de Sitter shows that the speed of light is independent of the speed of the source.
- French physicist Georges Sagnac shows that the speed of light depends on the speed of a rotating platform.
- Camel Cigarettes are introduced.
- The Journal of Ecology is first published.
- The National Temperance Council is founded to promote the temperance movement.
- The United States Soccer Federation is formed.
- The modern zipper is invented.
- The cities of Winston, North Carolina and Salem, North Carolina officially merge to become Winston-Salem.
- Portuguese immigration to the Hawaiian Islands (1878-1913) ends.
- 25,000 people die in industrial accidents in the USA.
- The value of world trade reaches roughly $38 billion.
- Yuan Shikai uses military force to dissolve China's parliament and rules as a dictator.
- Schools founded:
[edit] Ongoing
[edit] Births
Gregorian calendar | 1913 MCMXIII |
Ab urbe condita | 2666 |
Armenian calendar | 1362 ԹՎ ՌՅԿԲ |
Bahá'í calendar | 69 – 70 |
Berber calendar | 2863 |
Buddhist calendar | 2457 |
Burmese calendar | 1275 |
Byzantine calendar | 7421 – 7422 |
Chinese calendar | 壬子年十一月廿四日 (4549/4609-11-24) — to —
癸丑年十二月初五日(4550/4610-12-5) |
Coptic calendar | 1629 – 1630 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1905 – 1906 |
Hebrew calendar | 5673 – 5674 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1968 – 1969 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1835 – 1836 |
- Kali Yuga | 5014 – 5015 |
Holocene calendar | 11913 |
Iranian calendar | 1291 – 1292 |
Islamic calendar | 1331 – 1332 |
Japanese calendar | Taishō 2 (大正2年) |
Korean calendar | 4246 |
Thai solar calendar | 2456 |
[edit] January–February
- January 2 - Anna Lee, English actress (d. 2004)
- January 5 - Jack Haig, British actor (d. 1989)
- January 6 - Edward Gierek, Polish politician (d. 2001)
- January 6 - Loretta Young, American actress (d. 2000)
- January 9 - Richard M. Nixon, 37th President of the United States (d. 1994)
- January 10 - Gustáv Husák, Slovak politician (d. 1991)
- January 15 - Lloyd Bridges, American actor (Sea Hunt) (d. 1998)
- January 15 - Alexander Marinesko, captain of the S-13 submarine, which sank the German ship Wilhelm Gustloff, when 10,000 died while the ship sank (d. 1963)
- January 18 - Danny Kaye, American actor (d. 1987)
- January 18 - George Unwin, British fighter ace of WWII (d. 2006)
- January 22 - William Cardinal Conway, Irish clergyman (d. 1977)
- January 22 - Carl F. H. Henry, American theologian and publisher (d. 2003)
- January 24 - Norman Dello Joio, American composer (d. 2008)
- January 25 - Witold Lutosławski, Polish composer (d. 1994)
- January 26 - Jimmy Van Heusen, American composer (d. 1990)
- January 28 - Wally Parks, founder of the NHRA {d. 2007)
- January 29 - Peter von Zahn, German journalist and writer (d. 2001)
- February 2 - Poul Reichhardt, Danish actor (d. 1985)
- February 4 - Rosa Parks, American civil rights activist (d. 2005)
- February 6 - Mary Leakey, British anthropologist (d. 1996)
- February 13 - George Barker, British poet (d. 1991)
- February 14 - Mel Allen, American sports reporter (d. 1996)
- February 14 - Jimmy Hoffa, American labor leader (disappeared 1975)
- February 14 - Woody Hayes, National Football League coach (d. 1987)
- February 25 - Jim Backus, American actor (Gilligan's Island) (d. 1989)
- February 25 - Gert Fröbe, German actor (Goldfinger) (d. 1988)
- February 27 - T. B. Ilangaratne, Sri Lankan author, dramatist, actor and politician (d. 1992)
- February 27 - Paul Ricoeur, French philosopher (d. 2005)
- February 27 - Irwin Shaw, American writer (d. 1984)
- February 27 - Kazimierz Sabbat, Polish president (d. 1989)
[edit] March–April
- March 1 - Richard S.R. Fitter, British writer (d. 2005)
- March 2 - Godfried Bomans, Dutch writer (d. 1971)
- March 4 - John Garfield, American actor (d. 1952)
- March 13 - William Casey, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. 1987)
- March 13 - Smoky Dawson, Australian singer (d. 2008)
- March 13 - Sergey Mikhalkov, Russian writer and lyricist
- March 18 - René Clément, French film director (d. 1996)
- March 21 - George Abecassis, English race car driver (d. 1991)
- March 26 - Paul Erdős, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1996)
- March 26 - Jacqueline de Romilly, French philologist
- March 29 - R. S. Thomas, Welsh poet (d. 2000)
- March 30 - Richard Helms, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. 2002)
- March 30 - Frankie Laine, American singer (Mule Train) (d. 2007)
- March 30 - Ċensu Tabone, Maltese politician
- March 31 - Etta Baker, American musician (d. 2006)
- April 3 - Per Borten, Premier of Norway (d. 2005)
- April 7 - Charles Vanik, American politician (d. 2007)
- April 11 - Oleg Cassini, American fashion designer (d. 2006)
- April 14 - Jean Fournet, French conductor (d. 2008)
- April 21 - Doctor Richard Beeching, Chairman of British Rail (d. 1985)
- April 27 - Philip Hauge Abelson, American physicist, writer, and editor (d. 2004)
[edit] May–June
- May 1 - Louis Nye, American comedian and actor (d. 2005)
- May 1 - Walter Susskind, Czech conductor (d. 1980)
- May 5 - Tyrone Power, American actor (d. 1958)
- May 8 - Saima Harmaja, Finnish poet (d. 1937)
- May 11 - Robert Jungk, Austrian journalist (d. 1994)
- May 13 - William R. Tolbert, Jr., President of Liberia (d. 1980)
- May 16 - Woody Herman, American musician and band leader (d. 1987)
- May 20 - William Hewlett, American businessman (d. 2001)
- May 26 - Peter Cushing, English actor (d. 1994)
- May 29 - Tony Zale, American boxer (d. 1997)
- June 6 - Carlo L. Golino, American scholar (d. 1991)
- June 10 - Tikhon Khrennikov, Russian composer (d. 2007)
- June 11 - Vince Lombardi, American football coach (d. 1970)
- June 11 - Risë Stevens, American mezzosoprano
- June 18 - Robert Mondavi, American winemaker (d. 2008)
- June 18 - Sylvia Field Porter, American economist and journalist (d. 1991)
- June 25 - Cyril Fletcher, British comedian (d. 2005)
- June 26 - Aimé Césaire, French Martinican poet and politician (d. 2008)
- June 28 - Franz Antel, Austrian filmmaker (d. 2007)
- June 30 - Alfonso López Michelsen, President of Colombia (d. 2007)
[edit] July–August
- July 3 - Dorothy Kilgallen, American newspaper columnist (d. 1965)
- July 12 - Philip Mayer Kaiser, American diplomat (d. 2007)
- July 12 - Willis Lamb, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2008)
- July 14 - Gerald Ford, 38th President of the United States (d. 2006)
- July 17 - Roger Garaudy, French Holocaust denier
- July 18 - Red Skelton, American comedian (d. 1997)
- July 22 - Gorni Kramer, Italian bandleader and songwriter (d. 1995)
- July 22 - Licia Albanese, Italian-born soprano
- July 23 - Michael Foot, British politician
- August 8 - John Facenda, American sports announcer (d. 1984)
- August 8 - Robert Stafford, Governor of Vermont, U.S Representative and U.S. Senator (d. 2006)
- August 10 - Wolfgang Pauli, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
- August 13 - Fred Davis, English snooker and billiards player (d. 1998)
- August 13 - Makarios III, Archbishop and first President of Cyprus (d. 1977)
- August 16 - Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1992)
- August 17 - W. Mark Felt, American Federal Bureau of Investigation Associate Director and Deep Throat Watergate informant (d. 2008)
- August 17 - Rudy York, American baseball player (d. 1970)
- August 19 - Richard Simmons, American actor (d. 2003)
- August 20 - Roger Wolcott Sperry, American neurobiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1994)
- August 27 - Nina Schenk von Stauffenberg, German wife of freedom fighter Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg (d. 2006)
- August 28 - Robertson Davies, Canadian novelist (d. 1995)
- August 28 - Richard Tucker, American tenor (d. 1975)
- August 29 - Jan Ekier, Polish pianist and composer
- August 30 - Richard Stone, British economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
- August 31 - Helen Levitt, American photographer
[edit] September–October
- September 1 - Ludwig Merwart, Austrian painter and graphic artist (1979)
- September 2 - Israel Gelfand, Russian mathematician
- September 4
- Stanford Moore, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1982)
- Boone Guyton, American test pilot (d. 1996)
- September 11 - Paul "Bear" Bryant, American football coach (d. 1983)
- September 12 - Jesse Owens, American athlete (d. 1980)
- September 14 - Jacobo Arbenz, President of Guatemala (d. 1971)
- September 15 - John N. Mitchell, United States Attorney General and convicted Watergate criminal (d. 1988)
- September 19 - Frances Farmer, American actress (d. 1970)
- September 23 - Carl-Henning Pedersen, Danish artist, member of the CoBrA movement
- September 24 - Wilson Rawls, American author (d. 1984)
- September 28 - Warja Honegger-Lavater, Swiss artist and illustrator (d. 2007)
- September 29
- Trevor Howard, English actor (d. 1988)
- Stanley Kramer, American film producer, director, and writer (d. 2001)
- Silvio Piola, Italian footballer (d. 1996)
- September 30 - Bill Walsh, American movie producer and writer (d. 1975)
- October 10 - Claude Simon, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
- October 18 - Evelyn Venable, American actress (d. 1993)
- October 22 - Robert Capa, Hungarian-born photojournalist (d. 1954)
- October 22 - Tamara Desni, German-born British actress (d. 2008)
[edit] November–December
- November 2 - Burt Lancaster, American actor (Elmer Gantry) (d. 1994)
- November 5 - Vivien Leigh, British actress (Gone With The Wind) (d. 1967)
- November 7 - Albert Camus, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1960)
- November 7 - Elizabeth Bradford Holbrook, Canadian sculptor
- November 9 - Hedy Lamarr, Austrian actress (d. 2000)
- November 10 - Álvaro Cunhal, Portuguese politician (d. 2005)
- November 13 - Alexander Scourby, American actor (d. 1985)
- November 15 - Arthur Haulot, Belgian journalist (d. 2005)
- November 18 - Endre Rozsda, Hungarian-French painter (d. 1999)
- November 21
- John Boulting, English film director (d.1985)
- Roy Boulting, English film director and producer (d. 2001)
- November 22
- Benjamin Britten, English composer (d. 1976)
- Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, first female Philippine Supreme Court Justice (d. 2006)
- November 23 - Michael Gough, English actor
- November 25 - Lewis Thomas, American physician and essayist (d. 1993)
- December 6
- Nikolai Amosov, Ukrainian heart surgeon, inventor, best-selling author, and exercise enthusiast (d. 2002)
- Eleanor Holm, American swimmer (d. 2004)
- December 8 - Delmore Schwartz, American poet (d. 1966)
- December 9 - Frances Reid, American actress
- December 10
- Morton Gould, American composer (d. 1996)
- Harry Locke, British character actor (d. 1987)
- December 13 - Arnold Brown, Salvation Army general (d. 2002)
- December 15 - Muriel Rukeyser, American poet (d. 1980)
- December 16 - George Ignatieff, Canadian diplomat, recipient of the 1984 Pearson Medal of Peace (d. 1989)
- December 18
- Alfred Bester, American author (d. 1987)
- Willy Brandt, Chancellor of Germany, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1992)
- December 21 - Arnold Friberg, American artist
- December 30 - Elyne Mitchell, Australian author (d. 2002)
[edit] Deaths
[edit] January–June
- January 2 - Léon Teisserenc de Bort, French meteorologist (b. 1855)
- January 4 - Alfred von Schlieffen, German field marshal (b. 1833)
- February 22 - Francisco I. Madero, President of Mexico (b. 1873)
- February 26 - Felix Draeseke, German composer (b. 1835)
- March 10 - Harriet Tubman, American abolitionist (b. 1820)
- March 11 - John Shaw Billings, American military and medical leader (b. 1838)
- March 18 - King George I of Greece (b. 1845)
- March 22 - Sung Chiao-jen, Chinese revolutionary (b. 1882)
- March 31 - J.P. Morgan, American financier and banker (b. 1837)
- May 1 - John Barclay Armstrong, Texas Ranger and U.S. Marshal (b. 1850)
- May 16 - Louis Perrier, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1849)
- June 5 - Chris von der Ahe, German-born brewer and baseball owner
- June 8 - Emily Davison, British suffragette (b. 1872)
- June 28 - Manoel Ferraz de Campos Salles, Brazilian president (b. 1841)
[edit] July–December
- July 3 - Horatio Nelson Young, American Civil War naval hero (b. 1845)
- July 13 - Edward Burd Grubb, American Civil War Union Brevet Brigadier General (b. 1841)
- July 19 - Clímaco Calderón, President of Colombia (b. 1852)
- July 29 - Tobias Michael Carel Asser, Dutch jurist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1838)
- September 30 - Rudolf Diesel, German engine inventor (b. 1858)
- October 5 - Hans von Bartels, German painter (b. 1856)
- November 7 - Alfred Russel Wallace, Welsh biologist (b. 1823)
- November 22 - Tokugawa Yoshinobu, Japanese shogun (b. 1837)
- December 7 - Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano, Italian Catholic churchman and last surviving cardinal of Pius IX (b. 1828)
- December 12 - Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1844)
[edit] Nobel prizes
- Physics - Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes
- Chemistry - Alfred Werner
- Medicine - Charles Robert Richet
- Literature - Rabindranath Tagore
- Peace - Henri La Fontaine
[edit] Ship events
- List of ship launches in 1913
- List of ship commissionings in 1913
- List of ship decommissionings in 1913
[edit] External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1913 |
[edit] Table of Contents
Contents |