Thornton Wilder
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Thornton Wilder | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Thornton Wilder as Mr. Antrobus in The Skin of Our Teeth, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 18 August 1948 |
|
| Born | Thornton Niven Wilder 17 April 1897 Madison, Wisconsin, USA |
| Died | 7 December 1975 (aged 78) Hamden, Connecticut, USA |
| Occupation | Playwright, novelist |
| Notable award(s) | Pulitzer Prize for the Novel (1927)
Pulitzer Prize for Drama (1938, 1942) |
| Domestic partner(s) | Samuel Steward |
Thornton Niven Wilder (17 April 1897 – 7 December 1975) was an American playwright and novelist. His best known work is his play Our Town.
Contents |
[edit] Biography
[edit] Early years
Wilder was born in Madison, Wisconsin, and was the son of Amos Parker Wilder, a U.S. diplomat, and Isabella Niven Wilder. All of the Wilder children spent part of their childhood in China due to their father's work.
Thornton Wilder's older brother, Amos Niven Wilder, was Hollis Professor of Divinity at the Harvard Divinity School, a noted poet, and foundational to the development of the field theopoetics. Amos was also a nationally-ranked tennis player who competed at the Wimbledon tennis championships in 1922. His youngest sister, Isabel Wilder, was an accomplished writer. Both of his other sisters, Charlotte Wilder (a noted poet) and Janet Wilder Dakin (a zoologist), attended Mount Holyoke College and were excellent students. Additionally, Wilder had a sister and a twin brother, who died at birth.
[edit] Education
Wilder began writing plays while at The Thacher School in Ojai, California, where he did not fit in and was teased by classmates as overly intellectual. According to a classmate, “We left him alone, just left him alone. And he would retire at the library, his hideaway, learning to distance himself from humiliation and indifference.” His family lived for a time in China, where his sister Janet was born in 1910. He attended the English China Inland Mission Chefoo School at Yantai but returned with his mother and siblings to California in 1912 because of the unstable political conditions in China at the time. Thornton also attended Creekside Middle School in Berkeley, and graduated from Berkeley High School in 1915. Wilder also studied law for two years before dropping out of Purdue University, Indianapolis.
After serving in the United States Coast Guard during World War I, he attended Oberlin College before earning his B.A. at Yale University in 1920, where he refined his writing skills as a member of the Alpha Delta Phi Fraternity, a literary society. He earned his M.A. in French from Princeton University in 1926.
[edit] Career
After graduating, Wilder studied in Rome and then taught French at Lawrenceville School in Lawrenceville, New Jersey. In 1926 Wilder's first novel The Cabala was published. In 1927, The Bridge of San Luis Rey brought him commercial success and his first Pulitzer Prize in 1928. He resigned from Lawrenceville School in 1928. From 1930 to 1937 he taught at the University of Chicago. In 1938 he won the Pulitzer Prize for drama for his play Our Town and he won the prize again in 1942 for his play The Skin of Our Teeth. World War II saw him rise to the rank of lieutenant colonel in the Army Air Force and he received several awards. He went on to be a visiting professor at the University of Hawaii and to teach poetry at Harvard, where he served for a year as the Charles Eliot Norton professor. Though he considered himself a teacher first and a writer second, he continued to write all his life, receiving the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade in 1957 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963. In 1967 he won the National Book Award for his novel The Eighth Day.
Wilder translated and wrote the libretti to two operas. Also Alfred Hitchcock, whom he admired, asked him to write the screenplay to his thriller, Shadow of a Doubt.
The Bridge of San Luis Rey (1927) tells the story of several unrelated people who happen to be on a bridge in Peru when it collapses, killing them. Philosophically, the book explores the problem of evil, or the question, of why unfortunate events occur to people who seem "innocent" or "undeserving".
It won the Pulitzer Prize in 1928, and in 1998 it was selected by the editorial board of the American Modern Library as one of the 100 best novels of the twentieth century. The book was quoted by British Prime Minister Tony Blair during the memorial service for victims of the September 11 attacks in 2001 citation needed. Since then its popularity has grown enormously. The book is the progenitor of the modern disaster epic in literature and film-making, where a single disaster intertwines the victims, whose lives are then explored by means of flashbacks to events before the disaster.
Wilder was the author of Our Town, a popular play (and later film) set in fictional Grover's Corners, New Hampshire. It was inspired by his friend Gertrude Stein's novel The Making of Americans, and many elements of Stein's deconstructive style can be found throughout the work. Our Town employs a choric narrator called the "Stage Manager" and a minimalist set to underscore the universality of human experience. (Wilder himself played the Stage Manager on Broadway for two weeks and later in summer stock productions.) following the daily lives of the Gibbs and Webb families as well as the other inhabitants of Grover’s Corners, Wilder illustrates the importance of the universality of the simple, yet meaningful lives of all people in the world in order to demonstrate the value of appreciating life. The play won the 1938 Pulitzer Prize. Wilder suffered from severe writer's block while writing the final act. That same year Max Reinhardt directed a Broadway production of The Merchant of Yonkers, which Wilder had adapted from Austrian playwright Johann Nestroy's Einen Jux will er sich machen (1842). It was a failure, closing after just 39 performances.
His play The Skin of Our Teeth opened in New York on November 18, 1942 with Fredric March and Tallulah Bankhead in the lead roles. Again, the themes are familiar--the timeless human condition; history as progressive, cyclical, or entropic; literature, philosophy, and religion as the touchstones of civilization. Three acts dramatize the travails of the Antrobus family, allegorizing the alternate history of mankind. It was claimed by Joseph Campbell and Robert Morton Robinson, authors of A Skeleton Key to Finnegan's Wake, that much of the play was the result of unacknowledged borrowing from Joyce's last work. [1]
In 1955, Tyrone Guthrie encouraged Wilder to rework The Merchant of Yonkers into The Matchmaker. This time the play enjoyed a healthy Broadway run of 486 performances with Ruth Gordon in the title role, winning a Tony Award for Guthrie, its director. It later became the basis for the hit 1964 musical Hello, Dolly!, with a book by Michael Stewart and score by Jerry Herman.
His last novel, Theophilus North, was published in 1973.
[edit] Personal life
Although Wilder never discussed being gay publicly or in his writings, his close friend Samuel Steward is generally acknowledged to have been his lover.[2] Wilder had a wide circle of friends and enjoyed mingling with other famous people, including Ernest Hemingway, Russel Wright, Willa Cather, Montgomery Clift and Gertrude Stein. He died in Hamden, Connecticut, where he lived for many years with his sister, Isabel.
[edit] Bibliography
[edit] Plays
|
|
[edit] Novels
- The Cabala (1926)
- The Bridge of San Luis Rey (1927) – Pulitzer Prize
- The Woman of Andros (1930), based on the Andria (comedy) of Terence.
- Heaven's My Destination (1935)
- Ides of March (1948)
- The Eighth Day (1967)
- Theophilus North (1973)
[edit] Collections
- Wilder, Thornton; McClatchy, J. D., ed. (2007). Thornton Wilder, Collected Plays and Writings on Theater. Library of America. vol. 172. New York: Library of America. ISBN 9781598530032.
[edit] References
- ^ Joseph Campbell and Henry Morton Robinson published a pair of reviews-cum-denunciations, both entitled "The Skin of Whose Teeth?" in The Saturday Review immediately after the play's debut; these created a huge uproar at the time. For the texts of these articles and a discussion of the fallout to the controversy, see Joseph Campbell, Mythic Worlds, Modern Words, New World Library, 2004, pp. 257–266 and Joseph Campbell, Pathways to Bliss, New World Library, 2005, pp. 121–123.
- ^ The Gay Bears Collection. "Gay Bears: The Hidden History of the Berkeley Campus: Thornton Wilder". University Library, University of California at Berkeley. http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/gaybears/wilder/. Retrieved on 2006-07-20.
[edit] External links
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Thornton Wilder |
- Thornton Wilder at Find A Grave
- Thornton Wilder at the Internet Broadway Database
- Thornton Wilder at the Internet Movie Database
- Works by Thorton Wilder at Internet Archive
- Biography from the Thornton Wilder Society
- The Library of Congress - Today in History: April 17
|
||||||||
