List of National Historic Landmarks in the District of Columbia
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This is a List of National Historic Landmarks in the District of Columbia, of which there are 74. The United States National Historic Landmark program is operated under the auspices of the National Park Service, and recognizes structures, districts, objects, and similar resources according to a list of criteria of national significance.[1] Washington, D.C. is home to 74 of these landmarks, which reflect the city's status as the national capital. But mixed among the grand government buildings, homes of politicians, military facilities, and museums, the list also includes sites relating to support for the disabled, the Civil Rights Movement, pioneering urban infrastructure, and other historic themes.
The table below lists all 74 of these sites, along with added detail and description.
Contents |
[edit] Current NHLs
| [2] | Landmark name[3] | Image | Date designated[3] | Quadrant[4][5] | Description[6] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cleveland Abbe House |  |
May 15, 1975 | NW | Cleveland Abbe, a prominent meteorologist who became known as the father of the National Weather Service, lived in this house from 1877 to 1909. Previous occupants in the early decades of the 19th century included James Monroe and the British legation. Built ca. 1802 to 1805, this is a fine example of the Federal style of residential architecture. |
| 2 | Administration Building, Carnegie Institution of Washington |  |
June 23, 1965 | NW | |
| 3 | American Federation of Labor Building |  |
May 30, 1974 | [[ | |
| 4 | American Peace Society |  |
May 30, 1974 | NW | Headquarters of the American Peace Society from 1911 to 1948, in LaFayette Square Historic District |
| 5 | Anderson House |  |
June 19, 1996 | NW | |
| 6 | Andrew Rankin Memorial Chapel, Frederick Douglas Memorial Hall, Founders Library |  |
January 3, 2001 | NW | Three Howard University buildings: Andrew Rankin Memorial Chapel, Frederick Douglass Memorial Hall, and Founders Library |
| 7 | Army Medical Museum |  |
January 12, 1965 | NW | |
| 8 | Arts and Industries Building, Smithsonian Institution |  |
November 11, 1971 | SW | |
| 9 | Ashburton House |  |
November 7, 1973 | NW | House on Lafayette Square that was site of 10 months of U.S.-British negotiations leading to the Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842. This settled U.S.-Canada border disputes and ended the Aroostook War. |
| 10 | Newton D. Baker House |  |
December 08, 1976 | NW | |
| 11 | Blair House |  |
October 26, 1973 | NW | |
| 12 | Borah, William E., Apartment, Windsor Lodge |  |
December 8, 1976 | NW | A home of William E. Borah? |
| 13 | Blanche K. Bruce House |  |
May 15, 1975 | NW | A home of Blanche K. Bruce, who was an African American Senator from Mississippi. |
| 14 | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |  |
May 30, 1974 | NW | |
| 15 | Mary Ann Shadd Cary House |  |
December 8, 1976 | NW | A home of writer and abolitionist Mary Ann Shadd Cary |
| 16 | District of Columbia City Hall | .jpg) |
December 19, 1960 | NW | Does this also have a D.C. courthouse? |
| 17 | Constitution Hall |  |
September 16, 1985 | NW | |
| 18 | Corcoran Gallery and School of Art |  |
April 27, 1992 | NW | |
| 19 | Elliott Coues House |  |
May 15, 1975 | NW | Elliott Coues, a leading 19th century ornithologist, led great expansions of the knowledge of North American bird life, helped found the American Ornithologists' Union in 1883, edited approximately 15 volumes of journals, memoirs, and diaries by famous Western explorers and fur traders. He lived in this house from 1887 until his death in 1899. |
| 20 | Decatur House |  |
December 19, 1960 | NW | A house. |
| 21 | Franklin School |  |
June 19, 1996 | NW | A school. |
| 22 | Gallaudet College Historic District |  |
December 21, 1965 | NE | World's first deaf nation college. |
| 23 | General Federation of Women's Clubs Headquarters |  |
December 4, 1991 | NW | |
| 24 | General Post Office (Washington, D.C.) |  |
November 11, 1971 | NW | This post office is a fine example of restrained Neoclassical design. Built in phases between 1839 and 1866, the building features beautiful scaling and fine details. |
| 25 | Georgetown Historic District |  |
May 28, 1967 | NW [7] | |
| 26 | Samuel Gompers House |  |
May 30, 1974 | NW | Samuel Gompers was president of the American Federation of Labor from 1886 until his death in 1924. Gompers helped found the AFL, and vigorously pursued its three goals of higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions for American workers. He lived in this three-story brick rowhouse from 1902 to 1917. |
| 27 | Charlotte Forten Grimke House |  |
May 11, 1976 | NW | A home of Charlotte Forten Grimke? |
| 28 | Healy Hall, Georgetown University |  |
December 23, 1987 | NW [7] | This large-scale High Victorian Gothic structure is the most prominent building on the Georgetown University campus and a picturesque landmark for all Georgetown. Built from 1877 through 1879, its construction marked the evolution of the school toward true university status. |
| 29 | General Oliver Otis Howard House |  |
May 30, 1974 | NW | Try also General Oliver Otis House. A home of Oliver O. Howard or of Oliver Otis Howard? |
| 30 | Charles Evans Hughes House |  |
November 28, 1972 | NW | Charles Evans Hughes was a leader in the progressive movement, and 1916 presidential candidate. He held office as Associate Justice and Chief Justice of the United States, as well as multiple executive positions under several Presidents. He lived in this house from 1930 until his death in 1948. |
| 31 | Hiram W. Johnson House |  |
December 8, 1976 | NE | |
| 32 | Lafayette Building |  |
September 1, 2005 | NW | Home of Reconstruction Finance Corporation which helped finance the buildup for World War II. |
| 33 | Lafayette Square Historic District | .jpg) |
August 29, 1970 | NW [7] | District including LaFayette Park, near the White House, may include various buildings, boundary unclear |
| 34 | Library of Congress |  |
December 21, 1965 | SE | |
| 35 | Andrew Mellon Building |  |
May 11, 1976 | NW | A residence of Andrew W. Mellon. |
| 36 | Memorial Continental Hall |  |
November 28, 1972 | NW | |
| 37 | Meridian Hill Park |  |
April 19, 1994 | NW | |
| 38 | National Training School for Women and Girls |  |
July 17, 1991 | NE | |
| 39 | National War College |  |
November 28, 1972 | SW [8] | |
| 40 | Octagon House |  |
December 19, 1960 | NW | Plantation owner's home lent to President Madison after the British burnt the White House |
| 41 | Old Naval Observatory | .jpg) |
January 12, 1965 | NW | An observatory |
| 42 | Old Patent Office |  |
January 12, 1965 | NW | A building |
| 43 | Pension Building |  |
February 4, 1985 | NW | |
| 44 | Frances Perkins House |  |
July 17, 1992 | NW | A home of Frances Perkins? |
| 45 | Philadelphia (gundelo) |  |
January 20, 1961 | NW | Philadelphia, the only remaining American gunboat from the Revolutionary War, sank in a battle on Lake Champlain in 1776. It was salvaged in remarkably good condition in 1935 and now resides at the National Museum of American History. |
| 46 | Red Cross (American National) Headquarters |  |
June 23, 1965 | NW | |
| 47 | Renwick Gallery |  |
November 11, 1971 | NW | |
| 48 | Zalmon Richards House |  |
December 21, 1965 | NW | A home of Zalmon Richards? |
| 49 | St. Elizabeth's Hospital |  |
December 14, 1990 | SE | |
| 50 | St. John's Church |  |
December 19, 1960 | NW | |
| 51 | St. Luke's Episcopal Church |  |
May 11, 1976 | NW | |
| 52 | Sequoia (presidential yacht) |  |
December 23, 1987 | SE | A yacht |
| 53 | Sewall-Belmont House |  |
May 30, 1974 | NE | A house |
| 54 | Smithsonian Institution Building |  |
January 12, 1965 | SW | |
| 55 | John Philip Sousa Junior High School |  |
August 7, 2001 | SE | In 1950, eleven black students were denied admission to the newly constructed all-white Sousa school. This action was eventually overturned in the landmark 1954 Supreme Court decision in Bolling v. Sharpe, which made segregated public schools illegal in the District of Columbia. This defeat of the principle of "separate but equal" marked an early victory in the modern Civil Rights Movement. |
| 56 | State, War, and Navy Building |  |
November 11, 1971 | NW | |
| 57 | Supreme Court Building |  |
May 4, 1987 | NE | |
| 58 | Mary Church Terrell House | .jpg) |
May 15, 1975 | NW | A home of Mary Church Terrell. |
| 59 | Tudor Place |  |
December 19, 1960 | NW | A place |
| 60 | Twelfth Street YMCA Building |  |
October 12, 1994 | NW | NHRP 83003523. The earliest "Y" built by and expressly for African Americans. |
| 61 | Oscar W. Underwood House |  |
December 19, 1960 | NW | A home of Oscar W. Underwood. |
| 62 | United Mine Workers of America Building |  |
April 5, 2005 | NW | |
| 63 | United States Capitol |  |
December 19, 1960 | NW, NE, SE, SW )][7] | |
| 64 | United States Department of the Treasury |  |
November 11, 1971 | NW | |
| 65 | United States Marine Corps Barracks and Commandant's House |  |
May 11, 1976 | SE | |
| 66 | United States Soldier's Home |  |
November 7, 1973 | NW | |
| 67 | Volta Bureau | .jpg) |
November 28, 1972 | NW | Founded in 1887 by Alexander Graham Bell "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge relating to the Deaf"; merged with the American Association for the Promotion and Teaching of Speech to the Deaf in 1908, and operates today as the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing. |
| 68 | Washington Aqueduct |  |
November 7, 1973 | NW (and Montgomery County, Maryland) |
|
| 69 | Washington Navy Yard |  |
May 11, 1976 | SE | |
| 70 | White House |  |
December 19, 1960 | NW | Residence of the President of the U.S. |
| 71 | David White House |  |
January 7, 1976 | NW | Geologist David White of the United States Geological Survey lived in this house from 1910 to 1925. His researches into the distribution of petroleum resources became essential to the oil industry. |
| 72 | Woodrow Wilson House |  |
July 19, 1964 | NW | A home of Woodrow Wilson |
| 73 | Carter G. Woodson House Carter G. Woodson Home National Historic Site |
 |
May 11, 1976 | NW | A home of Carter G. Woodson |
| 74 | Robert Simpson Woodward House |  |
January 7, 1976 | NW | From 1904 to 1914, this was the home of Robert Simpson Woodward, the first President of the Carnegie Institution during the same period. Woodward had made his name as a leading geologist and mathematician. |
[edit] Historic areas administered by the National Park Service
National Historic Sites, National Historical Parks, National Memorials, and certain other areas listed in the National Park system are historic landmarks of national importance that are highly protected already, often before the inauguration of the NHL program in 1960, and are then often not also named NHLs per se. There are fifteen of these in the District of Columbia. The National Park Service lists these 15 together with the NHLs in the state,[9] The Carter G. Woodson Home National Historic Site and the White House are also NHLs and are listed above. The remaining 13 are:
| Landmark name |
Image | Date established[10] | Quadrant | Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial |  |
May 2, 1977 | NW | |
| 2 | Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park |  |
(shared with Maryland and Virginia) | ||
| 3 | Ford's Theatre National Historic Site |  |
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| 4 | Frederick Douglass National Historic Site |  |
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| 5 | Korean War Veterans Memorial |  |
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| 6 | Lincoln Memorial |  |
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| 7 | Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac |  |
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| 8 | Mary McLeod Bethune Council House National Historic Site | ,_(Washington,_District_of_Columbia).jpg) |
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| 9 | Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site |  |
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| 10 | Theodore Roosevelt Island National Memorial |  |
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| 11 | Thomas Jefferson Memorial |  |
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| 12 | Vietnam Veterans Memorial |  |
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| 13 | Washington Monument |  |
[edit] Former NHLs
To be added.
There are no NHL places that were de-designated within Washington, D.C. There may be NHL ships that were located here and were moved away, though.
[edit] References
- ^ National Park Service. "National Historic Landmarks Program: Questions and Answers". http://www.nps.gov/nhl/QA.htm. Retrieved on 2007-09-21.
- ^ Numbers represent an ordering by significant words. Various colorings, defined here, differentiate the National Monuments, National Historic Sites, National Historic Landmark Districts and other higher designations from other NHL buildings, structures, sites or objects.
- ^ a b National Park Service (April 2007) (PDF), National Historic Landmarks Survey: List of National Historic Landmarks by State, http://www.cr.nps.gov/nhl/designations/Lists/LIST07.pdf, retrieved on 2007-05-20.
- ^ National Park Service. "National Historic Landmark Program: NHL Database". http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/default.cfm. Retrieved on 2007-07-07.
- ^ National Park Service. "National Register Information System". http://www.cr.nps.gov/NR/research/nris.htm. Retrieved on 2007-07-07.
- ^ National Park Service. "National Historic Landmark Program: NHL Database". http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/default.cfm. Retrieved on various dates.
- ^ a b c d National Park Service (1989). Washington DC: A Traveler's Guide to the District of Columbia and Nearby Attractions. Washington, D.C.: Division of Publications, National Park Service. ISBN 0-912627-36-0.
- ^ National War College. "Contact Information". NDU Internet. National Defense University. http://www.ndu.edu/nwc/contactinfo/. Retrieved on 2007-07-18.
- ^ These are listed on p.111 of "National Historic Landmarks Survey: List of National Historic Landmarks by State"
- ^ Date of listing as National Monument or similar designation, from various sources in articles indexed.
[edit] See also
- List of Registered Historic Places in the District of Columbia
- List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
- Historic preservation
- National Register of Historic Places
- History of Washington, D.C.
[edit] External links
- National Historic Landmark Program at the National Park Service
- Lists of National Historic Landmarks
- Washington, DC, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary
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