Chicago metropolitan area
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Chicagoland redirects here for other uses see Chicagoland (disambiguation)
| Chicago Metropolitan Area Chicago-Naperville-Joliet-Gary, IL-IN-WI MSA Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City, IL-IN-WI CSA |
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| Country | United States |
|---|---|
| States | - Illinois - Indiana - Wisconsin |
| Largest city | Chicago |
| other cities | |
| Area | |
| - MSA | 7,214 sq mi (18,684.2 km2) |
| - CSA | 8,489 sq mi (21,986.4 km2) |
| Elevation [1] | 577–1,730 ft (176–527 m) |
| Population (2007 est.)[2] | |
| - Density | 1,318/sq mi (509/km2) |
| - Urban | 8,150,000 (3rd) |
| - MSA | 9,524,673 (3rd) |
| - CSA | 9,785,747 (3rd) |
| MSA/CSA = 2007, Urban = 2000 | |
| Time zone | CT (UTC-6) |
| - Summer (DST) | CDT (UTC-5) |
| Area code(s) | 312, 773, 708, 219, 847, 630, 224, 262 |
The Chicago metropolitan area or Chicagoland is the metropolitan area associated with the city of Chicago in the United States and its suburbs. It is the area that is closely linked to the city through social, economic, and cultural ties. There are several definitions of the area, the two most common being the area under the jurisdiction of the Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning (a metropolitan planning organization), and the area defined by the federal Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as the Chicago-Naperville-Joliet-Gary, IL-IN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA).
The metropolitan area may include areas outside the MSA as part of the broader Combined Statistical Area (CSA). The Indiana portion of the area is known as Northwest Indiana, and the Wisconsin portion is known as Kenosha County. The Chicago metropolitan area is sometimes grouped together with Milwaukee and Racine in Wisconsin, creating a megalopolis, gradually spreading toward nearby urban centers like Rockford, South Bend, Kalamazoo, Benton Harbor, Janesville, and Madison.
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[edit] Definitions
[edit] Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning
The Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning (CMAP) is responsible for transportation infrastructure, land use, and long term economic development planning for the areas under its jurisdiction.[3] The area has a population of 8.15 million (as of the 2000 Census).[4] It consists of seven counties in the state of Illinois:
[edit] Metropolitan statistical area
The Chicago Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) was originally designated by the United States Census Bureau in 1950 and consisted of the Illinois counties of Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake, and Will along with Lake County in Indiana. As surrounding counties saw an increase in their population densities and the number of their residents employed within Cook County, they met Census criteria to be added to the MSA. The Chicago MSA is the third largest MSA by population in the United States with a population of 9,524,673 (2007 estimate).[5]
The MSA is further subdivided into the Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL Metropolitan Division, corresponding roughly to the CMAP region, the Gary, IN Metropolitan Division consisting of the Indiana Counties of Lake and Porter as well as two surrounding counties, and the Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI Metropolitan Division. The components of the MSA and their 2007 populations[5] are:
- Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL Metropolitan Division (7,952,540)
- Cook County (5,285,107)
- DuPage County (929,192)
- Will County (673,586)
- Kane County (501,021)
- McHenry County (315,943)
- DeKalb County (103,729)
- Kendall County (96,818)
- Grundy County (47,144)
- Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI Metropolitan Division (873,162)
- Lake County, Illinois (710,241)
- Kenosha County, Wisconsin (162,921)
- Gary, IN Metropolitan Division (698,971)
- Lake County, Indiana (492,104)
- Porter County (160,578)
- Jasper County (32,275)
- Newton County (14,014)
[edit] Combined statistical area
The OMB also defines a slightly larger region, the Combined Statistical Area (CSA), combining the metropolitan areas of Chicago, Michigan City (in Indiana), and Kankakee (in Illinois). This area represents the extent of the labor market pool for the entire region. The combined statistical area, of which the Chicago metropolitan area is part, has a population of 9,745,165 (as of 2007).[5]
[edit] Local terminology
In general, the "Chicago area" is about 300 miles around, from Kenosha, Wisconsin, to Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, down to Dekalb, southwest to Kankakee, and up to Portage, Indiana. What's considered part of the metro area is expanding at a rapid pace, although it depends largely on the viewpoint of those asked. Portions of other metropolitan areas that satellite Chicago — the Rockford and Peoria metropolitan areas in Illinois, the Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha Metropolitan Area in Wisconsin, and the Indianapolis metropolitan area in Indiana — may be included. For example, certain residents of DeKalb, Illinois, or Bourbonnais, Illinois, may consider themselves to be within the Chicago metro area, while others may not. Many residents in Crown Point, Indiana, may consider themselves Chicagoans, and others may not. Suburbanites who reside 30 miles from the Loop may consider themselves local enough to still be "in Chicago." Meanwhile, central-city residents sometimes don't consider outlying sections within Chicago corporate limits to be "in the city."
[edit] Chicagoland
Chicagoland is an informal name for the Chicago metropolitan area. The term is used mainly within the region and little known elsewhere.
Colonel Robert R. McCormick, editor and publisher of the Chicago Tribune, usually gets credit for placing the term in common use.[6][7] McCormick's conception of Chicagoland stretched all the way to nearby parts of Iowa and Michigan.[8] The first usage came on July 27, 1926 (page 1), with the headline: "Chicagoland's Shrines: A Tour of Discoveries" by reporter James O'Donnell Bennett. He stated that Chicagoland comprised everything in a 200-mile radius in every direction and reported on many different places in the area. The Tribune was the dominant newspaper in a vast area stretching to the west of the city, and that hinterland was closely tied to the metropolis by rail lines and commercial links.[9]
There is no official definition for Chicagoland, which may be larger than the MSA and include portions of the greater CSA.
Today, the Chicago Tribune's usage includes the city of Chicago, the rest of Cook County, eight nearby Illinois counties (Lake, McHenry, DuPage, Kane, Kendall, Grundy, Will and Kankakee), and two counties in Indiana; Lake and Porter.[10] Illinois Department of Tourism literature uses Chicagoland for suburbs in Cook, Lake, DuPage, Kane and Will counties,[11] treating the city separately. The Chicagoland Chamber of Commerce defines it as all of Cook, and DuPage, Kane, Lake, McHenry and Will counties. [12]
[edit] Geography of Chicago
The city of Chicago is in the Chicago Plain, a flat and broad area characterized by little topographical relief. The few low hills here are sand ridges. North of the Chicago Plain, steep bluffs and ravines run alongside Lake Michigan. Along the southern shore of the Chicago Plain, there are sand dunes that run alongside the lake, but no bluffs. The tallest dunes reach up to near 200 feet and are found in the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. Surrounding the low plain are bands of moraines in the south and west suburbs. These areas are higher and hillier than the Chicago Plain. A continental divide runs through the Chicago area.
[edit] Demographics
The suburbs, surrounded by easily annexed flat ground, have been expanding at a tremendous rate since the early 1960s. Aurora, Elgin, Joliet, and Naperville are noteworthy for being four of the few boomburbs outside the Sun Belt, West Coast and Mountain States regions, and exurban Kendall County ranked as the fastest-growing county in the United States with a population greater than 10,000 between 2000 and 2007.[13]
Settlement patterns in the Chicago metropolitan area tend to follow those in the city proper: the northern suburbs along the shore of Lake Michigan are comparatively affluent, while the southern suburbs (sometimes known as Chicago Southland) are less so, with lower median incomes and a lower cost of living. However, there is a major exception to this. While Chicago's west side is the poorest section of the city, the western and northwestern suburbs contain many affluent areas. According to the 2000 Census, DuPage County had the highest median household income of any county in the Midwestern United States.
According to the 2000 US Census, poverty rates of the largest counties from least poverty to most are as follows: McHenry 3.70%, Dupage 5.90%, Will 6.70%, Lake 6.90%, Kane 7.40%, Cook 14.50%.
In an in-depth historical analysis, Keating (2004, 2005) examined the origins of 233 settlements that by 1900 had become suburbs or city neighborhoods of the Chicago metropolitan area . The settlements began as farm centers (41%), industrial towns (30%), residential railroad suburbs (15%), and recreational/institutional centers (13%). Although relations between the different settlement types were at times contentious, there also was cooperation in such undertakings as the construction of high schools.
[edit] Population
| Census Area | July 1, 2007 | 2000 Census | 1990 Census | 1980 Census | 1970 Census | 1960 Census | 1950 Census |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chicago- Naperville- Joliet, IL-IN-WI | 9,524,673 | 9,098,316 | 8,065,633 | 7,869,542 | 7,612,314 | 6,794,461 | 5,495,364 |
| Cook County, Illinois | 5,285,107 | 5,376,741 | 5,105,067 | 5,253,655 | 5,492,369 | 5,129,725 | 4,508,792 |
| DeKalb County, Illinois | 103,729 | 88,969 | 77,932 | 74,624 | 71,654 | 51,714 | 40,781 |
| DuPage County, Illinois | 929,192 | 904,161 | 781,666 | 658,835 | 491,882 | 313,459 | 154,599 |
| Grundy County, Illinois | 47,144 | 37,535 | 32,337 | 30,582 | 26,535 | 22,350 | 19,217 |
| Kane County, Illinois | 501,021 | 404,119 | 317,471 | 278,405 | 251,005 | 208,246 | 150,388 |
| Kendall County, Illinois | 96,818 | 54,544 | 39,413 | 37,202 | 26,374 | 17,540 | 12,115 |
| Lake County, Illinois | 710,241 | 644,356 | 516,418 | 440,372 | 382,638 | 293,656 | 179,097 |
| McHenry County, Illinois | 315,943 | 260,077 | 183,241 | 147,897 | 111,555 | 84,210 | 50,656 |
| Will County, Illinois | 673,586 | 502,266 | 357,313 | 324,460 | 249,498 | 191,617 | 134,336 |
| Jasper County, Indiana | 32,275 | 30,043 | 24,960 | 26,138 | 20,429 | 18,842 | 17,031 |
| Lake County, Indiana | 492,104 | 484,564 | 475,594 | 522,965 | 546,253 | 513,269 | 368,152 |
| Newton County, Indiana | 14,014 | 14,566 | 13,551 | 14,844 | 11,606 | 11,502 | 11,006 |
| Porter County, Indiana | 160,578 | 146,798 | 128,932 | 119,816 | 87,114 | 60,279 | 40,076 |
| Kenosha County, Wisconsin | 162,921 | 149,577 | 128,181 | 123,137 | 117,917 | 100,615 | 75,238 |
As the Chicago metropolitan area has grown, more counties have been partly or totally assimilated with the taking of each decennial census.
The data in this section was not cited or verifiable
[edit] Economy
The Chicago metropolitan area is home to the corporate headquarters of 57 Fortune 1000 companies, including Boeing, McDonald's, Motorola, Discover Financial Services and United Airlines, representing a diverse group of industries [14]. The area is a major financial center in North America, and is home to the largest futures exchange in the United States, the CME Group.
A key piece of infrastructure for several generations was the Union Stock Yards of Chicago, which from 1865 until 1971 penned and slaughtered millions of cattle and hogs into standardized cuts of beef and pork.
The Chicago area, meanwhile, began to produce significant quantities of telecommunications gear, electronics, steel, automobiles, and industrial capital goods.
By the early 2000s, Illinois's economy had moved toward a dependence on high-value-added services such as financial trading, higher education, logistics, and health care. In some cases, these services clustered around institutions that hearkened back to Illinois's earlier economies. For example, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, a trading exchange for global derivatives, had begun its life as an agricultural futures market.
In 2007, the area ranked first among U.S. metro areas in the number of new and expanded corporate facilities. [15]
The Wall Street Journal summarized the Chicago area's economy in November 2006 with the comment that "Chicago has survived by repeatedly reinventing itself." [16]
[edit] Principal municipalities
[edit] Over 1,000,000 population
[edit] Suburbs over 100,000 population
[edit] Suburbs over 60,000 population
- Arlington Heights, Illinois
- Bolingbrook, Illinois
- Cicero, Illinois
- Evanston, Illinois
- Hammond, Indiana
- Kenosha, Wisconsin
- Palatine, Illinois
- Schaumburg, Illinois
- Skokie, Illinois
- Waukegan, Illinois
[edit] Urban areas within the Chicago CSA
Within the boundary of the 16-county Chicago Consolidated Statistical Area lies the Chicago urban area, as well as 27 smaller urban areas and clusters. Smallest gap indicates the shortest distance between the given urban area or cluster and the Chicago urban area.
| Rank | Urban area | type | Population (2000 census) |
Land Area (km²) |
Smallest gap (km) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chicago-Aurora-Elgin-Joliet-Waukegan, IL-IN | UA | 8,307,904 | 5,498.1 | n/a |
| 2 | Round Lake Beach-McHenry-Grayslake, IL-WI^ † | UA | 226,848 | 344.9 | 2 |
| 3 | Kenosha, WI † | UA | 110,942 | 109.2 | 1 |
| 4 | Michigan City-LaPorte, IN-MI^^ † | UA | 66,199 | 86.1 | 3 |
| 5 | Kankakee-Bradley-Bourbonnais, IL | UA | 65,073 | 71.5 | >10 |
| 6 | DeKalb-Sycamore, IL | UA | 55,805 | 46.3 | >10 |
| 7 | Woodstock, IL † | UC | 20,219 | 21.1 | 4 |
| 8 | Morris, IL | UC | 13,927 | 19.3 | >10 |
| 9 | Sandwich, IL^^^ | UC | 12,248 | 23.9 | >10 |
| 10 | Braidwood-Coal City, IL | UC | 11,607 | 19.5 | >10 |
| 11 | Harvard, IL | UC | 8,575 | 13.3 | >10 |
| 12 | Lakes of the Four Seasons, IN † | UC | 8,450 | 12.5 | 4 |
| 13 | Lowell, IN | UC | 7,914 | 15.8 | >10 |
| 14 | Wilmington, IL | UC | 7,107 | 20.8 | >10 |
| 15 | Manteno, IL | UC | 7,106 | 9.4 | >10 |
| 16 | Marengo, IL | UC | 6,854 | 8.6 | >10 |
| 17 | Rensselaer, IN | UC | 6,096 | 10.9 | >10 |
| 18 | Plano, IL † | UC | 5,911 | 6.5 | 3 |
| 19 | Genoa, IL | UC | 5,137 | 5.5 | >10 |
| 20 | Genoa City, WI-IL^^^^ † | UC | 5,126 | 12.5 | >10 |
| 21 | Westville, IN | UC | 5,077 | 4.4 | >10 |
| 22 | Hebron, IN | UC | 4,150 | 11.7 | >10 |
| 23 | Momence, IL | UC | 3,711 | 9.7 | >10 |
| 24 | Peotone, IL † | UC | 3,358 | 3.5 | 9 |
| 25 | Wonder Lake, IL † | UC | 2,798 | 2.0 | 5 |
| 26 | Monee, IL † | UC | 2,787 | 3.7 | 3 |
| 27 | Union Township, IN † | UC | 2,593 | 4.9 | 1 |
| 28 | Hampshire, IL † | UC | 2,591 | 2.0 | 6 |
The formerly distinct urban areas of Aurora, Elgin, Joliet, and Waukegan were absorbed into the Chicago UA as of the 2000 census.
† These urban areas and urban clusters are expected to be joined to the Chicago Urban Area by the next census in 2010.
^ The Round Lake Beach-McHenry-Grayslake, IL-WI UA extends into Walworth County, WI, which lies (for the moment) outside the Chicago CSA.
^^ The Michigan City-LaPorte, IN-MI UA extends into Berrien County, MI, which lies (for the moment) outside the Chicago CSA.
^^^ The Sandwich, IL UC extends into LaSalle County, IL, which lies (for the moment) outside the Chicago CSA.
^^^^ The Genoa City, WI-IL UC extends into Walworth County, WI, which lies (for the moment) outside the Chicago CSA.
[edit] Transportation
[edit] Major airports
[edit] Commuter rail
- Chicago Transit Authority trains, locally referred to as "the L", (after "elevated train") serving Chicago and the near suburbs
- Northeast Illinois Regional Commuter Railroad Corporation, also known as Metra:
- 4 lines serving southern Cook County and Will County
- 3 lines serving western Cook County, DuPage County, and Kane County
- 1 line serving northwestern Cook County and McHenry County
- 3 lines serving northern Cook County and Lake County, with 1 line extending up to Kenosha, Wisconsin
- South Shore Line shares the Metra electric lines and connects Chicago to Gary, Michigan City, ending at South Bend, Indiana.
[edit] Major highways
- Interstate 90, Interstate 290, Interstate 94, Interstate 294, Interstate 88, Interstate 65, Interstate 55, Interstate 355, Interstate 57, Interstate 80
[edit] Major corridors
In addition to the Chicago Loop, the metro area is home to a few important subregional corridors of commercial activities. Among them are:
- Illinois Technology and Research Corridor, along the Ronald Reagan Memorial Tollway (Interstate 88)
- Golden Corridor, along the Jane Addams Memorial Tollway (Interstate 90)
[edit] Area codes
From 1947 until 1988, the Illinois portion of the Chicago metro area was served by a single area code, 312, which abutted the 815 area code. In 1988 the 708 area code was introduced and the 312 area code became exclusive to the city of Chicago.
It became common to call suburbanites "708'ers", in reference to their area code.
The 708 area code was partitioned in 1996 into three area codes, serving different portions of the metro area: 630, 708, and 847.
At the same time that the 708 area code was in trouble, the 312 area code in Chicago was also exhausting its supply of available numbers. As a result, the city of Chicago was divided into two area codes, 312 and 773. Rather than divide the city by a north/south area code, the central business district retained the 312 area code, while the remainder of the city took the new 773 code.
In 2002, the 847 area code was supplemented with the overlay area code 224. In February 2007, the 815 area code (serving outlying portions of the metro area) was supplemented with the overlay area code 779. In October 2007, the overlay area code 331 was implemented to supplement the 630 area with additional numbers.
Plans are in place for overlay codes in the 708, 773, and 312 regions as those area codes become exhausted in the future.
- 312 Chicago - City (The Loop and central neighborhoods, e.g. the Near North Side)
- 773 Chicago - City (Everywhere else within the city limits, excluding central area)
- 847/224 (North and Northwest Suburbs)
- 630/331 (Outer Western Suburbs)
- 708 (South and Near West Suburbs)
- 815/779 (Far Northwest/Southwest Suburbs; Joliet)
- 219 (Northwest Indiana)
- 574 (North-central Indiana)
- 262 (Southeast Wisconsin surrounding Milwaukee County)
[edit] Proposed overlay area codes
- 464 overlay for 708 (no effective date)
- 872 overlay for 312 & 773 (no effective date)
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ The Sears Tower is the highest point in both the Chicago metropolitan area and the state of Illinois
- ^ July 1, 2007 est. by Census Bureau
- ^ Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning
- ^ Chicago Area Transportation Study - Regional Information
- ^ a b c The MSA covers 7,214 sq. mi. of land area and 2,367 sq. mi. of water area. The total area of the MSA is 9,581 sq. mi.U.S. Census Bureau - 2006 population estimates for combined statistical areas and their components
- ^ The Encyclopedia of Chicago, ISBN0-226-31015-9, Credit to McCormick given by Jack W. Fuller
- ^ Further reading: The Colonel's Century, Time, June 9, 1947
- ^ Chicagoland
- ^ Cronon (1992); Keating (2005); Keating (2004)
- ^ Chicago Tribune Classifieds map of Chicagoland
- ^ enjoyillinois.com
- ^ Chicagoland Chamber of Commerce
- ^ Daily Herald | Kendall County is fastest growing in the nation
- ^ Fortune 500 2008: States - Illinois
- ^ TOP METROS OF 2007 - Site Selection magazine, March 2008
- ^ Brat, Ilan, "Tale of a Warehouse", Wall Street Journal, Nov. 8, 2006, page A1.
[edit] External links
- US Census' Urbanized Area Outline Map (2000)
- Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City, IL-IN-WI Combined Statistical Area (2003) map
- U.S. Census Bureau State & County QuickFacts
- U.S. Census Bureau population estimates
- Cook County Jail
- Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas
- About Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas
- Historical Metropolitan Area Definitions
- Northwest and Western Suburbs' Community Message Board
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