Of Human Bondage (film)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Of Human Bondage
Bette Davis and Leslie Howard
Directed by	John Cromwell
Produced by	Pandro S. Berman
Written by	Novel: W. Somerset Maugham Screenplay: Lester Cohen
Starring	Leslie Howard Bette Davis Frances Dee
Music by	Max Steiner
Cinematography	Henry W. Gerrard
Editing by	William Morgan
Distributed by	RKO Radio Pictures
Release date(s)	June 28, 1934
Running time	83 min.
Country	United States
Language	English
IMDb profile

The 1934 film Of Human Bondage was the first film adaptation of the 1915 novel of the same name by the British author W. Somerset Maugham.

1 Background
2 Plot
3 Production Information
4 DVD
5 External links

[edit] Background

The novel Of Human Bondage is a strongly autobiographical work that, although it is in itself a work of fiction, draws several of its scenes directly from the life of its author.

The 1934 film was the first film to bring real critical success to its star Bette Davis, who would later refer to her acting career in terms of two stages - "before Maugham" and "after Maugham".

[edit] Plot

The tragic adaptation about a crippled doctor's destructive and compulsive passion for a coarse waitress was advertised with the tagline on one of its posters: "The Love That Lifted a Man to Paradise...and Hurled Him Back to Earth Again." The melodramatic film was remade in 1946 with Eleanor Parker and Paul Henreid, and again in 1964 with Kim Novak and Laurence Harvey. This film is mostly known because Bette Davis' star-making, over-the-top, theatrical performance was passed over for a Best Actress Oscar nomination, although she was an unofficial write-in candidate. The next year, she was compensated with a Best Actress Academy Award for her arguably less compelling work in Dangerous (1935).

The RKO film, directed by John Cromwell, tells the story of a club-footed, sensitive artist Philip Carey (Leslie Howard), an Englishman who has been studying painting in Paris for four years, but is advised by his art teacher that his work is mediocre and second-rate, and that he lacks promise. So he returns to London, England to take up studies to become a medical doctor, but his older age and introspection make it difficult for him to keep up in his scholastic work.

In England, he falls passionately in love with a blonde, lower-class, slatternly and vulgar, Cockney-accented, illiterate tearoom waitress named Mildred Rogers (Bette Davis). He becomes preoccupied and smitten with her, even though she is disdainful of his club-foot and his obvious interest. Although he is attracted to the anemic and pale-faced woman, she is manipulative, repugnant, exploitative, two-timing, shrewish and cruel toward him when he expresses interest in going out. Her constant response to his romantic expressions and invitations, his offers of "dates" and gestures of courtesy is, "I don't mind," (her equivalent of a cool "O.K."), an expression so limp and lacking in any warmth or reciprocation of feeling, of any emotion whatever, that in infuriates him - which only causes her to use it all the more. His daydreams about her (her image appears over an illustration in his medical school anatomy textbook, and a skeleton in the classroom is transformed into Mildred) cause him to be distracted from his studies, and he fails his medical examinations.

When he proposes to her, she declines, telling him that she will instead be marrying a loutish salesman named Emil Miller (Alan Hale). The self-centered Mildred vindictively berates the crippled Philip with nasty insults for becoming romantically-interested in her.

As the shrewish Mildred in Of Human Bondage (1934), Davis was acclaimed for her dramatic performance.

For consolation after the bitter rejection, the tormented Philip begins to forget Mildred when he falls in love with Norah (Kay Johnson), an attractive and considerate romance-story writer (working under a masculine pseudonym) who is sympathetic toward him. She slowly cures him of his painful addiction to Mildred. But just when it appears that Philip is finding happiness, Mildred suddenly returns to him, claiming that Emil has abandoned her and not married her, after finding her pregnant.

Philip provides an apartment for her, arranges to take care of her financially, and breaks off his other relationship with Norah, due to his 'bondage' to Mildred. Norah and Philip admit how bondages exist between people (Philip was bound to Mildred, as Norah was to Philip, and as Mildred was to Miller):

Norah: It's as though you were bound to her in some way, as I am to you, as she was to Miller. Philip: As every human being is to something or other.

His intention is to marry Mildred after her child has been born. But a bored and restless Mildred is an uninterested mother after the baby's birth, and gives up the baby's care to a nurse.

At a dinner party celebrating their engagement, one of Philip's medical student friends, Harry Griffiths (Reginald Denny), flirts in an outrageous fashion with Mildred, causing her to ignore Philip, even though he is supporting her with presents of clothes and money. After Philip confronts Mildred about her cheapness and vulgarity, she runs off with Griffiths for Paris. A second time, Philip again finds some comfort in his studies, and with another woman named Sally Athelny (Frances Dee), the tender-hearted daughter of one of his elderly patients (Reginald Owen) in a charity hospital. The good-hearted Athelny family is caring and affectionate, and they take Philip into their warm home.

But again, Mildred returns with her baby, and this time expresses how contrite and sorry she is for deserting him. The weak-willed Philip cannot resist rescuing her and helping her to recover from another failed relationship. Things take a turn for the worse when Mildred moves in, turns abusive, spitefully wrecks his apartment (with his paintings and books) and burns the securities/bonds he was given by an uncle to finance his tuition expenses. The Athelnys take in Philip when he is forced to quit medical school, and then becomes mentally depressed and unemployed. He takes a job for Sally's father as a window dresser, after a successful operation to rid him of his deformity.

Later, Philip meets up with Mildred, now physically un-well, ill, and destitute (with black circles under her eyes and a deep cough), and living in a dingy brothel as a cheap prostitute. Mildred's baby has died, and she has become distraught and sick with locomotor ataxia (a form of neurosyphili). Before he can visit her again, she dies in a hospital charity ward from advanced stages of syphilis. With Mildred's death, Philip is finally freed of his obsession, and he makes plans to marry Sally.

[edit] Production Information

The actress Irene Dunne was originally slated for the film, but director John Cromwell had seen Bette Davis in several Warner Brothers films, and so he persuaded RKO, who was producing Of Human Bondage, to secure her services. It took six months to work a deal to get Warners to loan Davis. After signing for the part, Davis studied cockney accents in preparation, particularly by hiring an English maid for her home.

On set, Davis recounted in her autobiography of feeling somewhat ostracized by the mainly British cast which apparently had initial resentments over an American being cast for the part. However, her acting was quite effective, and this caused the up until then uninterested British actor Leslie Howard to recommit to matching her on screen.

During production, Howard suffered from tonsillitis, and after a day of filming sometimes had to report to a hospital for care. Because of the limitations of time and cast member availability, director Cromwell used a revolving stage to have sets designed so that when one scene was finished, the stage was turned and a new set appeared before his stationary cameras.

To skirt trouble with the Hays Code governing film content, Mildred's terminal ailment was changed from syphilis to tuberculosis.

Many critics at the time felt Davis would be nominated for an Academy Award for the critically well-received film, but she was not, though "write-in" efforts were made on her behalf. Davis won the Oscar the following year for the film Dangerous.