Metropolitan Police Service

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search
"Metropolitan Police" and "Metropolitan Police Force" redirect here. For other uses, see Metropolitan police.
Metropolitan Police Service
Metropolitan Police Force
Common name The Met[1]
Abbreviation MPS[2]
Logo of the Metropolitan Police Service.
Flag of the Metropolitan Police Service.
Motto Working together for a safer London[3]
Mission statement Making London safe for all the people we serve[4]
Agency Overview
Formed 29 September, 1829[5]
Preceding agencies
Employees 50,000
Volunteers 797[8]
Annual Budget £3.5bn[9]
Legal personality Governmental: Government agency
Jurisdictional Structure
Operations jurisdiction* Police area of Metropolitan Police District in the country of England, UK
Map of police area
Size 1,578 km2 (609 sq mi)
Population 7.4 million
Legal jurisdiction England & Wales (Northern Ireland and Scotland in limited circumstances)
Governing body Metropolitan Police Authority
Constituting instruments
General nature
Operational Structure
Headquarters New Scotland Yard
Police Constables 31,460
Police Community Support Officers 4,000
Agency executive Sir Paul Stephenson QPM, Commissioner[10]
Borough Operational Command Units 32
Facilities
Stations 180
Boats 22
Helicopters 3
Dogs 250
Website
Official website
Footnotes
* Police area agency: Prescribed geographic area in the country, over which the agency has usual operational jurisdiction.

The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) is the territorial police force responsible for law enforcement within Greater London, excluding the City of London which is the responsibility of the City of London Police.[11]

A number of informal names and abbreviations exist for the Metropolitan Police, such as "the Met" and "MPS". In statutes it is referred to in the lower case as the "metropolitan police force" or the "metropolitan police", without the appendage "service". The MPS is also referred to as Scotland Yard after the location of its original headquarters,[11][12][13][14] which relocated to New Scotland Yard in Westminster during the late 1960s.[15] Administrative functions are increasingly based at the Empress State Building (ESB), and since late 2007 all command and control functions have been transferred to the three Metcall complexes, rather than New Scotland Yard.

In the period 2007/08, the MPS employed 31,460 police officers, 2,510 Special Constables, 14,085 police staff, and 4,247 Police Community Support Officers.[16] This makes it the largest police force within the United Kingdom.[17] The Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, known commonly as Commissioner, is the overall head of the force, responsible to the Metropolitan Police Authority. The post of Commissioner was first held jointly by Sir Charles Rowan and Sir Richard Mayne. The Commissioner since 27 January 2009 is Sir Paul Stephenson, QPM who had previously been the Acting Commissioner since 1 December 2008.[18]

Contents

[edit] History

Main article: History of the Metropolitan Police Service

[edit] Area covered and other forces

The geographical area policed by the MPS, is known as the Metropolitan Police District. The MPD is made up of the 32 London boroughs,[19] that form Greater London, excluding the City of London. There are 34 Borough Operational Command Units - one for each borough, one for Heathrow Airport and one for the Royal Parks.[20]

Before 1 April 2000, the MPD covered a larger area, established well before the current borders of Greater London were set in the 1960s. In Surrey, it included the entire Epsom and Ewell and Spelthorne districts as well as Banstead and Esher; in Hertfordshire in included the Hertsmere district as well as Cheshunt and Northaw and Cuffley; in Essex it covered Chigwell, Loughton and Waltham Abbey.

Law enforcement within the City of London, is the responsibility of the City of London Police, a separate force, and one of the smallest in the UK.[21]

The Ministry of Defence Police are responsible for law enforcement on Ministry of Defence property throughout the United Kingdom, including the MoD headquarters in Whitehall and other MoD establishments across the MPS district.[22]

The British Transport Police is responsible for law enforcement of the rail network in the United Kingdom, including London. Within London, they are also responsible for policing of the London Underground, Tramlink and the Docklands Light Railway.[23]

The English part of the Royal Parks Constabulary, which patrolled a number of Greater London's major parks, was merged with the Metropolitan Police in 2004.[24] There is also a small park police forces, the Kew Constabulary, responsible for the Botanic Gardens) whose officers have full police powers within the park. Some London borough councils maintain their own borough park constabularies, such as the Newham Parks Constabulary in East London; their remit only extends to park by-laws, and although they are sworn as constables under laws applicable to parks, their powers are not equal to those of constables appointed under the Police Acts, meaning that they are not police officers.[25]

Metropolitan Police Officers have legal jurisdiction throughout areas which have their own special police forces, such as the Ministry of Defence. The Metropolitan Police will take over the investigation of any serious crime from the British Transport Police and Ministry of Defence Police if it is deemed appropriate. Terrorist incidents and complex murder enquiries will always be investigated by the Metropolitan Police, with the assistance of the relevant specialist force, even if they are committed on railway or Ministry of Defence property.

Along with law enforcement within the Metropolitan Police District, the Metropolitan Police also had responsibility for the policing of the Royal Dockyards and other royal naval bases between 1860 until 1934, including Portsmouth, Chatham, Devonport, Royal Naval Air Station Pembroke and the Royal Woolwich Arsenal. They also policed Rosyth Dockyard from 1914 until 1926.[26]

Before the 1970s, police forces often called for assistance from the Metropolitan Police due to their detective experience. The last case of this was when the now defunct Buckinghamshire Constabulary called upon the MPS to help in the investigation of the Great Train Robbery.[27]

[edit] Structure

Main article: Organisation and structure of the Metropolitan Police Service

[edit] Police ranks

See also: Police ranks of the United Kingdom

The Metropolitan Police uses the standard UK police ranks, indicated by shoulder boards, up to Chief Superintendent, but it has five ranks above that level instead of the standard three.[28] All police officers up to the rank of Superintendent are members of the Metropolitan Police Federation.

Following controversy over alleged assaults by uniformed officers with concealed shoulder identification numbers[29] during the G20 summit, Metropolitan Police Commissioner Sir Paul Stephenson stated that "The public has a right to be able to identify any uniformed officer whilst performing their duty" by their shoulder identification numbers.[30]

London Metropolitan Police ranks
Police
Constable		 Sergeant Inspector Chief
Inspector		 Super-
intendent		 Chief
Super-
intendent		 Commander Deputy
Assistant
Commissioner		 Assistant
Commissioner		 Deputy
Commissioner		 Commissioner
For a comparison of these ranks with other British police forces (in and out of London) see Police ranks of the United Kingdom.


The Metropolitan Police also has several active Volunteer Police Cadet units, which maintain their own internal rank structure.[31] The Metropolitan Special Constabulary is a contingent of part-time volunteer police officers and is attached to most Borough Operational Command Units. The MSC has its own internal rank structure.

Newly employed PCs in the MPS are paid a starting salary of £28,605 (including London weighting), rising to £31,176 after the initial training and probationary period as of 1 September 2008. This continues to rise, with the amount of time the officer has served, rising to a ceiling level of £39,373 after ten years.[32]

The prefix 'Woman' in front of female officers' ranks has been obsolete since 1999. Members of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) up to and including the rank of Chief Superintendent prefix their ranks with 'Detective'. Other departments, such as Special Branch and Child Protection, award non-detectives 'Branch Detective' status, allowing them to use the 'Detective' prefix. Detective ranks are abbreviated as DC, DS, DI, etc, and are equivalent in rank to their uniform counterparts.

[edit] Police numbers

MPS constables policing an event at Trafalgar Square
MPS officers protecting World Cup revellers in London

MPS employees consist of uniformed police officers, Police Community Support Officers, Special Constables, civilian staff and Police Community Support Officers.[33] The MPS was the first force to introduce these.

Uniformed traffic wardens, who wear a uniform with yellow and black markings, are a distinct body from local authority civil enforcement officers. The former have greater powers that include being able to stop vehicles and redirect traffic at an incident.[34]

[edit] Total numbers 2005/2006

[edit] Historic numbers

  • 2007 – 31,000 (approx)
  • 2003 – 28,000 (approx)[36]
  • 2001 – 25,000 (approx)[37]
  • 1984 – 27,000 (approx)[38]
  • 1965 – 18,016[39]
  • 1952 – 16,400[40]
  • 1912 – 20,529[41]

[edit] Cost of the service

Annual expenditure for single years, selected by quarter centuries.[42]

  • 1829/30 – £194,126
  • 1848 – £437,441
  • 1873 – £1,118,785
  • 1898 – £1,812,735
  • 1923 – £7,838,251
  • 1948 – £12,601,263
  • 1973 – £95,000,000
  • 1998/9 – £2,033,000,000

[edit] Crime figures

Crimes reported within the Metropolitan Police District, selected by quarter centuries.[43]

  • 1829/30 – 20,000
  • 1848 – 15,000
  • 1873 – 20,000
  • 1898 – 18,838
  • 1923 – 15,383
  • 1948 – 126,597
  • 1973 – 355,258
  • 1998/9 – 934,254

[edit] Past Commissioners

See Commissioners of Police of the Metropolis, from the MPS's inception in 1829, to 2009.[11]

[edit] Police stations

A traditional blue lamp as seen outside most police stations. This one is outside Bow Street Police Station

In addition to the Headquarters at New Scotland Yard, there are 140 police stations in London.[44] These range from large borough headquarters staffed around the clock every day to smaller stations which may be open to the public only during normal business hours, or on certain days of the week.

The oldest police station, which opened in Bow Street in 1881, closed in 1992 and the adjoining Bow Street Magistrates Court heard its last case on 14 July 2006.[45] The oldest operational police station is in Wapping, and opened in 1908. It is the headquarters of the Marine Support Unit (formerly known as Thames Division), which is responsible for policing the River Thames. It also houses a mortuary and the River Police Museum.

The Metropolitan Police station in Paddington Green has received much publicity for its housing of terrorism suspects in an underground complex.

Most police stations can easily be identified from one or more blue lamps located outside the entrance, which were introduced in 1861.

Metropolitan police stations may have:

In 2004 there was a call from the Institute for Public Policy Research for more imaginative planning of police stations to aid in improving relations between police forces and the wider community.[46]

[edit] Notable incidents and investigations

Notable major incidents and investigations in which the Metropolitan Police Service has been involved:

  • 1888-91 - Whitechapel Murders - Suspected to have been carried out by Jack the Ripper who killed 5 prostitutes, with another 6 being suspected but unconfirmed. In the same period a dismembered corpse was found in the construction site of Scotland Yard which was believed to have been perpetrated by Jack the Ripper, known as The Whitehall Mystery. No suspect was ever charged with the murders, and to this day the exact identity of the killer remains unknown, with the crime unsolved.
  • 18 September 1975 - Spaghetti House Siege - The Spaghetti House Siege occurred when members of the "Black Liberation Front" attempted to commit an armed robbery at Spaghetti House Restaurant to gain publicity for their cause. However, the robbery was discovered by police, and the would be robbers initiated a siege by taking hostages.[52]
  • Blair Peach April 1979 - Peach was fatally injured in April 1979 during a demonstration in Southall by the Anti-Nazi League against a National Front election meeting taking place in the town hall. He was knocked unconscious and died the next day in hospital. Police brutality was never proven to be a contributory factor in his death, but it was claimed that he had fallen to a blow from a rubberised police radio belonging to the Metropolitan Police's Special Patrol Group.[54]
  • 1980 Iranian Embassy Siege - The Iranian Embassy Siege involved members of a terrorist group calling themselves the "Democratic Revolutionary Movement for the Liberation of Arabistan (DRMLA)" took the embassy staff hostage, the Metropolitan Police were heavily involved in the hostage negotiation, but after six days, negotiations were terminated, preceded by an assault by the British Army's Special Air Service.[55]
  • April 11, 1981 - Brixton Riot - During the early 1980s the Metropolitan Police began "Operation Swamp" which was implemented to cut street crime by the use of the Stop Under Suspicion which legally allowed officers to stop people on the suspicion of wrong doing. Tensions rose within the Black community after a black youth was stabbed, leading to severe rioting.[56]
  • 1982-86 Railway Rapists - John Duffy and David Mulcahy committed 18 rapes of women and young girls near railway stations in London and the South East, murdering three of their victims. Metropolitan Police officers worked with neighbouring forces to solve the crimes. Duffy was convicted in 1988, but Mulcahy was not brought to justice until almost 10 years later.[57]
  • 28 September 1985 - Brixton Riot - Rioting erupted in Brixton, sparked by the shooting of Dorothy 'Cherry' Groce by police seeking her son Michael Groce in relation to a suspected firearms offence believed to be hiding in his mother's home. He was not there at the time, and Groce was part-paralysed by the bullet.[58]
  • 6 October 1985 - Broadwater Farm Riot - A week after the Brixton riot of 28 September 1985, while tensions among the black community were still high, riots broke out in Tottenham after the mother of a black man whose house was being searched died of a heart attack during the operation. In the course of the riot, PC Keith Blakelock was murdered.[59]
  • 1986 - Stockwell Strangler - Kenneth Erskine carried out a series of attacks in Stockwell on elderly men and women, breaking into their homes and strangling them to death. Most were sexually assaulted.[60]
  • 12 December 1988 - Clapham Train Crash - A packed commuter train passed a defective signal and ran into the back of a second train, derailing it into the path of a third coming the other way. The crash killed 35 people and seriously injured 69 others.[62]
  • 31 March 1990 - Trafalgar Square Riot - Also known as the Poll Tax Riot, this was triggered by growing unrest against the Community Charge, and grew from a legitimate demonstration which had taken place that morning. An estimated £400,000-worth of damage was caused.[64]
  • 1993 - "Gay Slayer" - Former soldier Colin Ireland murdered five homosexual men in a deliberate bid to get notoriety - he had read an article that said to be a serial killer you must have killed five times or more.[66]
  • 1993 - Stephen Lawrence and the MacPherson Inquiry - A series of operations failed to convict the killers of schoolboy Stephen Lawrence, despite substantial evidence. The resulting MacPherson inquiry found that the Metropolitan Police was 'institutionally racist'.[67]
  • December 1995 - Brixton Riot - A large gathering protested outside Brixton Police Station over the death of a local man in police custody, leading to a riot. Three police officers were injured with a two mile exclusion zone set-up around Brixton, later reports showed that the male in custody died of heart failure, said to be brought on due to difficulties restraining him.[68]
  • April 1999 - London Nailbomber - Lone bomber David Copeland carried out a series of hate attacks on ethnic minority areas and on a pub frequented by the homosexual community.[69]
  • 2004 Pro-hunting protests - demonstrators protesting against the Hunting Act 2004 outside the UK Parliament were involved in violent confrontations with the Metropolitan Police.[75]
  • 7 July 2005 - London Bombings - Multiple bombings across London, in which MPS officers worked to a Major Incident Plan to provide coordination, control and forensic and investigative resources.[76]
A Fast Response Targa 31 boat of the Marine Support Unit of the MPS, on the River Thames in London
  • 13 September 2006 - Operation Mokpo - Officers from Operation Trident make the MPS's largest seizure of firearms after a series of raids in Dartford, Kent. A senior officer was quoted as saying: "This operation has resulted in hundreds of guns being taken out of circulation."[80]
  • 29 June 2007 - London car bombs - Attempted car bombings in Central London, the devices remained undetonated due to an LAS paramedic alerting police. MPS officers were involved in the investigation, and the setting up of an exclusion zone around the area.
  • 2009 G-20 London summit protests - the police once more used the "kettling" technique to contain large numbers of demonstrators during the G-20 protests. The tactic was criticised for its indiscriminate detention of demonstrators. Ian Tomlinson, a bystander to the protests, died after being pushed to the ground by a police officer.[82] A woman demonstrator was also apparently assaulted, and a sergeant has been suspended.[83] The tactics used in the policing of mass protests are now under review following these incidents.[84]

[edit] Notable Convictions

Notable major trials in which the Metropolitan Police Service has been convicted:

Menezes' body shown lying on the floor of a carriage, wearing a denim jacket.

[edit] Jean Charles de Menezes death

Main article: Jean Charles de Menezes

Jean Charles de Menezes (7 January 1978 – 22 July 2005) was a Brazilian national shot dead by police at Stockwell tube station in London, England. He was shot in the head at close range by Metropolitan Police. The Met faced criminal charges under sections 3(1) and 33(1)(a) of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 for "failing to provide for the health, safety and welfare of Jean Charles de Menezes". It entered a not guilty plea to the charges, "after the most careful consideration".[85] The trial started on 1 October 2007.[86]

On 1 November 2007 The Metropolitan Police were found guilty of the above offences, and were fined £175,000, with £385,000 legal costs.[87] The Met published a terse release about this decision.[88] and Len Duvall, Chair of the Metropolitan Police Authority, asked that the full report on the investigation be published.[89]

[edit] References

  1. ^ "Metropolitan Police Service - Homepage". Met.police.uk. 2009-04-02. http://www.met.police.uk/. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  2. ^ [1][dead link]
  3. ^ "Metropolitan Police Service - Homepage". Met.police.uk. 2009-04-02. http://www.met.police.uk/. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  4. ^ "SWG Police Websites : Metropolitan Police Mission Statement". Padpolice.com. http://www.padpolice.com/mission.php. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  5. ^ "Metropolitan Police Service - History of the Metropolitan Police Service". Met.police.uk. http://www.met.police.uk/history/timeline1829-1849.htm. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  6. ^ "The Bow street runners - Victorian Policeman by Simon Dell OBE QCB - Devon & Cornwall Constabulary". Devon-cornwall.police.uk. http://www.devon-cornwall.police.uk/v3/about/history/vicpolice/bow.htm. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  7. ^ "Policing the Port of London - Crime and punishment". Port Cities. http://www.portcities.org.uk/london/server/show/ConNarrative.125/chapterId/2588/Policing-the-Port-of-London.html. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  8. ^ "Working as a Volunteer - Metropolitan Police Service". Cms.met.police.uk. 1970-01-01. http://cms.met.police.uk/met/boroughs/kingston_upon_thames/03working_with_the_community/kingston_police_volunteers. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  9. ^ "Met Police budget settlement to put more police on beat in London". Personneltoday.com. 2008-02-14. http://www.personneltoday.com/articles/2008/02/14/44429/met-police-budget-settlement-to-put-more-police-on-beat-in-london.html. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  10. ^ Last Updated: 7:47AM GMT 01 Dec 2008 (2008-12-01). "Sir Paul Stephenson profile". Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/3537956/Sir-Paul-Stephenson-profile.html. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  11. ^ a b c http://www.robinsonlibrary.com/social/pathology/criminal/police/region/scotyard.htm
  12. ^ Sir Ronald Howe (1965) The Rise of Scotland Yard
  13. ^ Douglas Browne (1956) The Rise of Scotland Yard: A History of the Metropolitan Police
  14. ^ Martin Fido and Keith Skinner (1999) The Official Encyclopedia of Scotland Yard
  15. ^ "Metropolitan Police Service - History of the Metropolitan Police Service". Scotlandyard.police.uk. http://www.scotlandyard.police.uk/history/timeline1950-1969.htm. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  16. ^ "Metropolitan Police | Home Office". Police.homeoffice.gov.uk. 2008-11-28. http://police.homeoffice.gov.uk/performance-and-measurement/performance-assessment/assessments-2007-2008/metropolitan-police. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  17. ^ "Metropolitan Police Authority". MPA. http://www.mpa.gov.uk/default.htm. Retrieved on 2006-07-20. 
  18. ^ "Metropolitan Police Service - Deputy Commissioner Paul Stephenson". Met.police.uk. http://www.met.police.uk/about/stephenson.htm. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  19. ^ "Metropolitan Police Service - Organisational Structure". Met.police.uk. http://www.met.police.uk/about/organisation.htm#territorial. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  20. ^ "Metropolitan Police Service - Local Information Index". Met.police.uk. http://www.met.police.uk/local/. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  21. ^ "City of London Police - index". Cityoflondon.police.uk. 2008-06-19. http://www.cityoflondon.police.uk/CityPolice/About/. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  22. ^ "Ministry of Defence Police". MOD. http://www.modpoliceofficers.co.uk. Retrieved on 2008-12-28. 
  23. ^ "British Transport Police". BTP. 2006-07-19. http://www.btp.police.uk/. Retrieved on 2006-07-19. 
  24. ^ "Policing the Royal Parks - keeping you safe in the Royal Parks". Royalparks.org.uk. 2004-04-01. http://www.royalparks.org.uk/about/police.cfm. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  25. ^ The Committee Office, House of Lords. "House of Lords - Unopposed Bill Committee - Minutes of Evidence". Publications.parliament.uk. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200203/ldselect/ldllauno/30219/3021909.htm. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  26. ^ "Family history | Metropolitan Police". Nationalarchives.gov.uk. http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/familyhistory/guide/trade/metpolice.htm. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  27. ^ Fido, Martin; Keith Skinner (2000). Official Encyclopedia of Scotland Yard. p. 107. ISBN 1852277122. 
  28. ^ "Metropolitan Police: Ranks". Met Police. http://www.met.police.uk/about/ranks.htm. Retrieved on 2006-07-19. 
  29. ^ "England | London | Met suspends G20 footage officer". BBC News. 2009-04-15. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/7999277.stm. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  30. ^ "England | London | Police begin G20 tactics review". BBC News. 2009-04-16. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/8000246.stm. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  31. ^ "Metropolitan Police: Cadets". Met Police. http://www.met.police.uk/cadets/. Retrieved on 2006-07-19. 
  32. ^ "Police Pay". Police-information.co.uk. http://www.police-information.co.uk/policepay.htm. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  33. ^ Metropolitan Police PCSO
  34. ^ Metropolitan Police Authority website, home-page
  35. ^ a b c d e "Metropolitan Police Service - About the Met". Met.police.uk. http://www.met.police.uk/about/. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  36. ^ GLA press release, 11 March 2003
  37. ^ Hansard, 23 April 2001. London population at the time was 7,172,000.
  38. ^ Hansard, 26 February 1996
  39. ^ The Thin Blue Line, Police Council for Great Britain Staff Side Claim for Undermanning Supplements, 1965
  40. ^ Report of the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis for the Year 1952. Included 35 Chief Superintendents (including one woman), 12 Detective Chief Superintendents, 62 Superintendents (including one woman), 16 Detective Superintendents, 128 Chief Inspectors (including five women), 64 Detective Chief Inspectors (including one woman), 20 Station Inspectors, 465 Inspectors (including four women), 140 Detective Inspectors (including one woman), 441 Station Sergeants, 202 1st Class Detective Sergeants, 1,834 Sergeants (including 32 women), 414 2nd Class Detective Sergeants (including six women), 11,951 Constables (including 310 women), and 615 Detective Constables (including 27 women). The official establishment was 20,045.
  41. ^ Raymond B. Fosdick, European Police Systems, 1915. Figures at 31 December 1912, including 33 Superintendents, 607 Chief Inspectors and Inspectors, 2,747 Sergeants and 17,142 Constables.
  42. ^ Fido, Martin; Keith Skinner (2000). Official Encyclopedia of Scotland Yard. p. 56. ISBN 1852277122. 
  43. ^ Fido, Martin; Keith Skinner (2000). Official Encyclopedia of Scotland Yard. p. 57. ISBN 1852277122. 
  44. ^ Met Police stations: A-Z Directory
  45. ^ BBC: Bow Street court closes its doors
  46. ^ Institute for Public Policy Research: Re-inventing the police station (PDF)
  47. ^ "Metropolitan Police Service - History of the Metropolitan Police Service". Met.police.uk. http://www.met.police.uk/history/sidney_street.htm. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  48. ^ "TERROR IN LONDON: LONDON UNDER ATTACK: THE IRA CAMPAIGN | Independent, The (London) | Find Articles at BNET". Findarticles.com. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_/ai_n14726815. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  49. ^ BBC News website: on this day 28 February 1975
  50. ^ BBC News website: on this day 30 August 1975
  51. ^ "BBC ON THIS DAY | 6 | 1975: Couple under siege in Balcombe Street". BBC News. 1975-12-06. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/6/newsid_4261000/4261478.stm. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  52. ^ "BBC ON THIS DAY | 3 | 1975: London's Spaghetti House siege ends". BBC News. 1995-10-03. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/3/newsid_4286000/4286414.stm. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  53. ^ Famous Criminals: Dennis Nilsen
  54. ^ 4:00AM Monday Mar 09, 2009 (2009-03-09). "Activists to mark death of teacher - World - NZ Herald News". Nzherald.co.nz. http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10560632. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  55. ^ http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4467433,00.html
  56. ^ BBC News website: on this day 25 November 1981
  57. ^ BBC News website: Life for depraved killer
  58. ^ BBC News website: on this day 28 September 1985
  59. ^ 6 October 1985
  60. ^ Serial Killers: Kenneth Erskine
  61. ^ BBC News website: on this day 18 November 1987
  62. ^ BBC News website: on this day 12 December 1988
  63. ^ BBC news website on this day 20 August 1989
  64. ^ "BBC ON THIS DAY | 31 | 1990: Violence flares in poll tax demonstration". BBC News. 1966-03-31. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/31/newsid_2530000/2530763.stm. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  65. ^ BBC News website: on this day 8 January 1991
  66. ^ Crime Library: Colin Ireland
  67. ^ "The Stephen Lawrence Inquiry". Archive.official-documents.co.uk. http://www.archive.official-documents.co.uk/document/cm42/4262/sli-01.htm. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  68. ^ BBC News website: on this day 13 December 1995
  69. ^ The Job: Life sentence for London nailbomber
  70. ^ 18 June 1999
  71. ^ "Met pressured for May Day 'apology'". BBC News. 2001-06-11. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1383846.stm. Retrieved on 2009-04-16. 
  72. ^ "Torso In The Thames: Adam's Story". Mindcontrolforums.com. 2003-08-28. http://www.mindcontrolforums.com/news/torso-in-thames.htm. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  73. ^ "ENGLAND | Thames torso police meet occult experts". BBC News. 2002-04-15. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/1930359.stm. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  74. ^ "Focus: Torso in the Thames - MUTI: THE STORY OF ADAM | Independent on Sunday, The | Find Articles at BNET". Findarticles.com. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4159/is_20030803/ai_n12743122. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  75. ^ Griffiths, Emma (2004-09-15). "Anger and defiance at hunt rally". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/3659030.stm. Retrieved on 2009-04-16. 
  76. ^ BBC News website: on this day 7 July 2005
  77. ^ "Indepth | London Attacks". BBC News. 2005-07-22. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/uk/05/london_blasts/tube_shooting/html/default.stm. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  78. ^ "UK | 'Airlines terror plot' disrupted". BBC News. 2006-08-10. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4778575.stm. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  79. ^ "PM pays tribute to police and security services". Number10.gov.uk. 2006-08-10. http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page9970. Retrieved on 2009-05-06. 
  80. ^ This is Local London: 'Biggest ever' gun haul
  81. ^ BBC News website: Surrender plea to serial rapist
  82. ^ Lewis, Paul (2009-04-07). "Video reveals G20 police assault on man who died". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2009/apr/07/video-g20-police-assault. Retrieved on 7 April 2009. 
  83. ^ "Met suspends G20 footage officer". BBC News. 2009-04-15. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/7999277.stm. Retrieved on 2009-04-16. 
  84. ^ "Police 'kettle' tactic feels the heat". BBC News. 2009-04-16. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8000641.stm. Retrieved on 2009-04-16. 
  85. ^ "Met not guilty plea over Menezes". BBC News. 19 September 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/5359500.stm. 
  86. ^ "Timeline: the Stockwell shooting". Guardian. 1 October 2007. http://www.guardian.co.uk/menezes/story/0,,2181230,00.html. 
  87. ^ BBC News. Police guilty over Menezes case. Last updated 1 November 2007. Retrieved 22 January 2008.
  88. ^ Metropolitan Police. Health and Safety trial result 1 November 2007. Retrieved 22 January 2008.
  89. ^ Metropolitan Police. MPA and ACPO on Health and Safety verdict. 1 November 2007. Retrieved 22 January 2008.

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

v • d • e
Metropolitan Police Service
Central Operations Traditional Metropolitan Police station blue lamp
Specialist Crime
Directorate
Specialist Operations
Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis · History · Metropolitan Police Authority · Metropolitan Police District · Metropolitan Police F.C. · Metropolitan Special Constabulary · New Scotland Yard · Organisation and structure · The Job
v • d • e
Police forces of the United Kingdom
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
Special forces
National units
Central Motorway Police Group · North East Air Support Unit · North West Motorway Police Group
v • d • e
History of London
Evolution
Local government
Events
Structures
City of London
Services
History of London category
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_Service"
Personal tools