Use of capital punishment by nation

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Capital punishment has been used in almost every part of the globe, but in the last few decades many countries have abolished it. Amnesty International classifies countries into four categories:

• 57 countries maintain the death penalty in both law and practice. (Also lists the Palestinian Authority)
• 91 have abolished it. (Also lists the Cook Islands & Niue)
• 10 retain it for crimes committed in exceptional circumstances (such as in time of war).
• 36 permit its use for ordinary crimes, but have not used it for at least 10 years or is under a moratorium.

Additionally, five countries execute child offenders.^[1] In some countries the practice of extrajudicial execution sporadically or systematically outside their own formal legal frameworks occurs. This list below includes several unrecognized states with de facto control over their territory and dependent territories, neither of which are included in the above numbers, except as noted. Below, at least 2,390 were executed in 25 nations during 2008.^[2]

Death Penalty World Map
Legend
     Abolished for all crimes      Abolished for crimes not committed in exceptional circumstances (such as crimes committed in time of war)      Abolished in practice      Legal form of punishment

Note: The tables can be sorted alphabetically or chronologically using the icon.

[edit] Africa

Executions in 2008: Botswana (1), Egypt (2+), Libya (8+), Sudan (1+)

Key	Country	Last Execution	Abolished	Notes
	Algeria	1993, August		Treason and espionage; attempts to change the regime or actions aimed at incitement; destruction of territory, sabotage to public and economic utilities; massacres and slaughters; participation in armed bands or in insurrectionary movements; counterfeiting; murder; acts of torture or cruelty; kidnapping; aggravated theft
	Angola		1992, August (by Constitution)
	Benin	1987		armed robbery[3]; Murder[4]; traffickers involved in "labor exploitation"[5]
	Botswana	2008, September		Murder; treason; attempt on the life of the head of state; mutiny; desertion in the face of the enemy
	Burkina Faso	1988		Treason[6]
	Burundi	2000[7]	2009, April[8]
	Cameroon	1997, January[9]		Secession; espionage; incitement to war[10]
	Cape Verde	1835	1981 (by Constitution)
	Central African Republic	1981		Treason; espionage; charlatanism; witchcraft; assassination; murder[11]
	Chad	2003[12]		Murder
	Comoros	1997[13]
	Democratic Republic of the Congo	2003[14]
	Congo	1982
	Côte d'Ivoire	None since independence[15]	2000
	Djibouti	None since independence	1995
	Egypt	2008		Rape, if accompanied by kidnapping of the victim; murder; treason; organized drug trafficking.
	Equatorial Guinea	2007
	Eritrea
	Ethiopia	2007, August[16]		Murder, Treason, armed conspiracy, genocide
	Gabon	1981[17]
	Gambia	1981		Treason. Abolished 1993 but was reinstated by Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council in August 1995[18]
	Ghana	1993		Murder; treason; armed robbery[18]
	Guinea-Bissau	1986	1993 (by Constitution)
	Guinea	2001[19]		Murder
	Kenya	1987		Murder and armed robbery[14]
	Lesotho	1984
	Liberia	1995[18]		On September 16, 2005 Liberia acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, abolishing the death penalty, but re-introduced elements of it in July, 2008.[20]
	Libya	2008, February		High treason; attempt to forcibly change the form of government; premeditated murder[21]
	Madagascar	1958
	Malawi	1992[22]
	Mali	1980
	Mauritania	1987		Sodomy[23]; apostasy[24] (no recorded executions).
	Mauritius	1987	1995
	Morocco	1993		Terrorism[14]. An abolition law project is being presented to the Parliament of Morocco in spring 2007. (see Human rights in Morocco#Capital punishment)
	Mozambique	1986	1990, November (by Constitution)
	Namibia	1988	1990, March (by Constitution)
	Niger	1976
	Nigeria	2002[18]		Sodomy[25]. Each of the 36 states has its own laws. In the north of the country the legal system used is Sharia (Islamic law)
	Rwanda	1998	2007[26]
	Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	1976	1991	The Constitution of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic outlaws the death penalty: Article 13 from the 1991 revision reads "The death penalty is banned" (translated into English from the Arabic.)[27]
	São Tomé and Príncipe	None since independence	1990, September (by Constitution)
	Senegal	1967	2004, December
	Seychelles	None since independence	1993, June (by Constitution)
	Sierra Leone	1998, October		Treason[28]; Murder; aggravated robbery. Under the Special Court for Sierra Leone the death penalty is not a punishment for war crimes
	Somalia	2008, October[29]		After the breakdown of de jure government, most regions reverted to Islamic law
	Somaliland
	South Africa	1991, January 31[9]	1997	On 25 May 2005 the Constitutional Court ordered that all remaining death sentences in the country be set aside and the prisoners resentenced. This last execution occurred in the internationally unrecognised Black "homelands". The last execution in Pretoria Central Prison was on November 14, 1989.
	Sudan	2009, April		Sodomy [30]; Waging war against the state[31]; apostasy[24]; prostitution; treason; acts that may endanger the independence or unity of the state; murder; armed robbery; weapons possession and smuggling
	Swaziland	1983[32]		Murder [33]; treason
	Tanzania	1994		Murder; Treason
	Togo	1978[34]		Premeditated murder; plots against the security of the state
	Tunisia	1991		Murder; violence and aggression; attacks against the internal security of the state; attacks against the external security of the state
	Uganda	2003[35]		Treason; Terrorism; Murder[36]; Rape; defilement; aggravated robbery; aggravated kidnapping. On June 14, 2005 the Constitutional Court ruled that the death penalty was constitutional but its use as a mandatory punishment for certain crimes was not.[37]
	Zambia	1997		Murder; aggravated robbery; high treason. President Levy Mwanawasa stated in 2004 that "For as long as I remain President, I will not execute a death warrant."[22]
	Zimbabwe	2003, June[38]		Drug trafficking; treason; murder; mutiny

[edit] Asia

Executions in 2008: Afghanistan (17+), Bahrain (1), Bangladesh (5), People's Republic of China (1718+), Indonesia (10), Iran (346+), Iraq (34+), Japan (15), Malaysia (1+), Mongolia (1+), North Korea (15+), Pakistan (36+), Saudi Arabia (102+), Singapore (1+), Syria (1+), UAE (1+), Vietnam (19+), Yemen (13+)

Key	Country	Last Execution	Abolished	Notes
	Afghanistan	2008, November 11		Murder; child smuggling in order to use the victim's body parts; apostasy (see Abdul Rahman (convert))
	Armenia	1991[39]	2003
	Azerbaijan	1992	1998
	Bahrain	2008, June 4		Premeditated murder; plotting to topple the regime; collaborating with a foreign hostile country; threatening the life of the Emir; defiance of military orders in time of war or martial law
	Bangladesh	2009, February		Murder [40]; drug offences [41]; Trafficking in children for immoral or illegal purposes; trafficking in women for purposes of prostitution[42]
	Bhutan	1974[22]	2004
	Brunei	1957		Murder; unlawful possession of firearms and explosives; possession of heroin or morphine of more than 15 grams, cocaine of more than 30 grams, cannabis of more than 500 grams, syabu or methamphetamine of more than 50 grams, or opium of more than 1.2 kg[43]
	Cambodia	1989	1989 (by Constitution)
	China	2009		Embezzlement; rape of children; fraud; bombing; people trafficking; piracy; theft; corruption; arson; murder; poaching; "endangering national security"; terrorism[44] (see Capital punishment in the People's Republic of China) (The two special administrative regions, Hong Kong and Macau, have abolished the death penalty.)
	Taiwan	2005		Since 2004, most death sentences have been informally given moratorium by President Chen Shui-bian except serious murders. (see Capital punishment in Taiwan)
	Timor-Leste		1999
	Hong Kong	1966	1993*	*when Hong Kong was under British rule, and remains so after the handover to the People's Republic of China.
	India	2004, August 14[45]		Murder; instigating a child's suicide; treason; acts of terrorism; a second conviction for drug trafficking. For more information see Capital punishment in India
	Indonesia	2008, November 9[46]		Drug trafficking[47]; Terrorism[48]
	Iran	2009, March		Murder; armed robbery; drug trafficking; kidnapping; Apostasy; rape; pedophilia; unmarried sex; sodomy; espionage and terrorism.
	Iraq	2008, April 13		Murder; endangering national security; distributing drugs; rape; attacks on transport convoys; financing and execution of terrorism[49]. Suspended in April 2003 after 2003 invasion; reinstated August 2004.
	Israel	1962	1954 (for other crimes)	Crimes against humanity[50], high treason, genocide, crimes against the Jewish people. Only two executions: accused traitor Meir Tobiansky (posthumously acquitted) and high-ranking Nazi Adolf Eichmann.
	Japan	2009, January 28[51]		Prosecutors push for the death penalty only in the case of multiple murders, or single murder with aggravating circumstances.[52] Judges usually impose death penalty in case of multiple homicides. Between 1946 and 2003 766 people were sentenced to death, 608 of whom were executed. For 40 months from 1989 to 1993 successive ministers of justice refused to authorise executions, which amounted to an informal moratorium.
	Jordan	2005		Murder[53]
	Kazakhstan	2003[54]	2007	Terrorism, crimes in wartime[55]. Moratorium since 17 December 2003
	Georgia	1995[39]	1997
	North Korea	2008, October 7[56][57][58]		Prostitution;[56] “drug transactions”;[57] plots against national sovereignty; terrorism; treason against the Motherland by citizens; treason against the people; murder[59]
	South Korea	1997, December 30[60]		Murder [61]. There has been an unofficial moratorium on executions since President Kim Dae-jung took office in February 1998.[62] However, a man was recently sentenced to death, a sentence which had not been carried out as of April 2009 [63]
	Kuwait	2007, May 20		Drug trafficking; rape; murder
	Kyrgyzstan	None since independence	2007[64][65]	Kyrgyz authorities have extended a moratorium on executions each year since 1998.
	Laos	1989		Drugs trafficking[66]
	Lebanon	2004		Murder[67]
	Macau			The death penalty is prohibited, including since the handover to the People's Republic of China.[68] The maximum possible sentence is imprisonment for 30 years.[69]
	Malaysia	2008		Mandatory for trafficking in dangerous drugs; discharging a firearm in the commission of a scheduled offence; accomplices in case of discharge of firearm; offences against the Yang di-Pertuan Agong’s person; murder. Discretionary for kidnapping; consorting with a person carrying or having possession of arms or explosives; waging or attempting to wage war or abetting the waging of war against the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, a Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri[70]
	Maldives	1952		Murder[71]
	Mongolia	2008		Terrorist acts committed for political purposes; terrorist acts against representatives of a foreign State for political purposes; sabotage; premeditated murder committed with aggravating circumstances; rape with aggravating circumstances; armed robbery[72]. According to Amnesty International, executions were carried out in secret and there are no official statistics[73]
	Burma	1993		High treason[74]
	Nagorno-Karabakh Republic	Never		de facto moratorium on executions since 1997
	Nepal	1979	1997 (by Constitution)
	Oman	2001[75]		Murder; Drug trafficking[76]
	Pakistan	2008, August 19		Murder; sodomy[77]; gang rape; mutiny. (See Capital punishment in Pakistan)
	Palestinian Authority	2005[78]		Murder, rape, collaborating with Israeli forces to assassinate Palestinians[79]. There are a total of 17 offenses in the West Bank and 15 in the Gaza Strip for which the death penalty can be imposed under the Palestinian Penal Code.[7] There had been an unofficial moratorium since 2002 after President Yasser Arafat stopped authorising executions. The Hamas Islamic court has sentenced people to death for murder.[8]
	Philippines	2000	2006, June 24	Abolished in 1987 under the present constititution, re-introduced in 1993, re-abolished on June 24, 2006 under Republic Act No. 9346.
	Qatar	2001		Espionage[80]; Threat to national security[81]; Apostasy[24](no recorded executions
	Saudi Arabia	2009, March		Many violent and nonviolent offenses, including murder; apostasy; drug offenses; witchcraft; sexual misconduct.[82]. Method most often used is beheading by a sword
	Singapore	2009, January		Murder; kidnapping; treason; certain firearm offenses; trafficking in more than 15 grams of heroin or morphine, 30 grams of cocaine or 500 grams of cannabis[83] (see capital punishment in Singapore)
	Sri Lanka	1976, June 23		Murder; perjury causing an innocent person to be executed; rape; drug trafficking. Moratorium from 1976 to 2003, reinstated in 2004[citation needed], however no executions have been carried out.
	Syria	2008		Treason; murder; political acts such as bearing arms against Syria in the ranks of the enemy, desertion of the armed forces to the enemy and acts of incitement under martial law or in wartime; violent robbery; rape; verbal opposition to the government; membership of the Muslim Brotherhood
	Tajikistan	2004		Murder with aggravating circumstances; rape with aggravating circumstances; terrorism; biocide; genocide[84]. Moratorium introduced 30 April 2004 by President Emomalii Rahmon
	Thailand	2003, December 12		Regicide; sedition or rebellion; offences committed against the external security of Thailand; murder or attempted murder of a foreign head of state; bribery; arson; rape; murder with intent; kidnapping; robbery resulting in death. For a full list see here (PDF)
	Turkmenistan	1997	1999 (by Constitution)
	United Arab Emirates	2008, February 22[85]		Murder; Drug offences[86]; Rape; treason; aggravated robbery; apostasy; terrorism
	Uzbekistan	2005[87]	2008	President Islom Karimov signed a decree on 1 August 2005 that replaced the death penalty with life imprisonment on 1 January 2008[88][89]
	Vietnam	2009		Treason; taking action to overthrow the government; espionage; rebellion; banditry; terrorism; sabotage; hijacking; destruction of national security projects; undermining peace; war crimes; crimes against humanity; manufacturing, concealing and trafficking in narcotic substances; murder; rape; robbery; embezzlement; fraud[90]
	Yemen	2009, March		Murder [91]; Adultery[92]; homosexuality[93][94]; Apostasy[24] (no recorded executions)

[edit] Europe

Executions in 2008: Belarus (4)

Key	Country	Last Execution	Abolished	Notes
	Albania	1995[39]	2007	Ratification of Protocol No. 13 of ECHR took place on February 6, 2007, in effect by June 1, 2007. [95]
	Andorra	1943	1990 (by Constitution)
	Austria	1950	1950 (in peacetime)1968 (by Constitution)
	Belarus	2008 February 5[96]		Acts of aggression; murder of a representative of a foreign state or international organization with the intention to provoke international tension or war; international terrorism; genocide; crimes against the security of humanity; murder with aggravating circumstances; terrorism; terrorist acts; treason that results in loss of life; conspiracy to seize power; sabotage; murder of a police officer; use of weapons of mass destruction; and violations of the laws and customs of war[97] (see Capital punishment in Belarus)
	Belgium	1863 for common law crimes; 1950 for war crimes	1996 (by Constitution)
	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Never	1995 (by Constitution)
	Bulgaria	1989	1998
	Croatia	1973[39]	1990 (by Constitution)
	Cyprus	1962	2002	Capital punishment for murder abolished in 1983.
	Czech Republic	1989	1990 (by Constitution)	For more info see Capital punishment in the Czech Republic.
	Denmark	1892 for common law crimes; 1950 for war crimes	1930; reinstated 1952-1978	Capital punishment was reinstated 1952-1978 in the civil penalty law for crimes committed under extreme circumstances and related to war or high treason. For more info see Capital punishment in Denmark.
	Estonia	September 21, 1991	1998
	European Union	1977 (France)	1998 (G-B)	criterion for admission
	Finland	1944	1949 (by Constitution)
	France	1977	1981	Forbidden by law in 1981 and by Constitution in 2007.
	Germany	none by FRG authorities	1949 (FRG)/1951 (West Berlin)/1987 (GDR)	Last execution in West Germany, 1956, by US military authorities); in East Germany, 1981. Prohibited by the Basic Law since 1949.
	Greece	1972	1993	Abolished in December 1993 except for high treason in time of war; abolished completely in 2004
	Hungary	1989	1990
	Iceland	1830	1928	Abolished in 1928; reintroduction made unconstitutional in 1995 by unanimous vote of parliament
	Ireland	1954	1990	21st Amendment to the Constitution (2001) passed by national referendum made reintroduction unconstitutional without a further constitutional amendment (and referendum). Until recently it was still technically lawful to execute the murderer of a police officer; however, in practice this never occurred, likely due to widespread moral objection.
	Italy	1947	1994	Abolished except in time of war in 1948 (by the Constitution). Abolished from the military penal code in 1994. Constitution amended in 2007 to make reintroduction unconstitutional without a further constitutional amendment.
	Kosovo		2008 (by Constitution)[98]
	Latvia	1996[39]	1999 (for other crimes)	murder with aggravating circumstances if committed during wartime[99]
	Liechtenstein	1785	1987
	Lithuania	1995	1998
	Luxembourg	1949	1979 (by Constitution)
	Republic of Macedonia	1988[39]	1991 (by Constitution)
	Malta	1943	2000	Capital punishment for murder abolished in 1971; part of the military code until 2000.
	Isle of Man	1872	1993
	Moldova	1985[39]	1995	On September 23, 2005 the Moldovan Constitutional Court approved constitutional amendments that abolished the death penalty[100].
	Monaco	1847	1962 (by Constitution)
	Montenegro	1992	1995
	Netherlands	1952	1982 (by Constitution)	Abolished for peacetime offences in 1870, last execution for peacetime offences 1860.
	Norway	1948	1979	Abolished for peacetime offences in 1902, last execution for peacetime offences 1876.
	Poland	1988	1997	A criminal law reform including reintroducion of death penalty was proposed in 2004 by Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, but lost its first reading vote in the Sejm by 198 to 194 with 14 abstentions). It is said that this was only a populism, as Poland was in the European Union and so this initiative hardly had a chance.[22]
	Portugal	1846 (last woman in 1763)	1867 (by Constitution)
	Romania	December 25, 1989	1990[39] (by Constitution)
	Russia	1996/1999	1997(yet to be ratified)	Murder with aggravating circumstances; assassination attempt against a state or public figure; attempt on the life of a person administering justice or preliminary investigations; attempt on the life of a law-enforcement officer; genocide[101]. On 16 April 1997 Russia signed the Sixth Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights, but has yet to ratify it. There has been a moratorium on executions since 1996; no executions in the Russian Federation since August 1996, though one took place in 1999 in the Chechen Republic
	San Marino	1468	1865
	Serbia	1992	1995	Abolished in 1995 on Federal level, local legislation adjusted in 2002[102]
	Slovakia	1989	1990 (by Constitution)
	Slovenia	1957	1989 (by Constitution)
	Spain	1975 September 27	1995	Abolished in 1978 by constitution except for military laws during wartime.
	Sweden	1910 November 23	1972	Peacetime offences 1921, Wartime offences 1973. Constitutionally prohibited since 1975.
	Switzerland	1944	1874/1938/1992	Abolished in 1874, later permitted again and practiced by a few states (nine executions up to 1940). Abolished by popular vote in 1938, except for wartime military crimes, for which it was abolished in 1992.
	Transnistria	never		Murder; attempt to murder a state or public official; armed rebellion; attempt to murder a magistrate or investigator; attempt to murder a law enforcement agent; genocide. Moratorium since January 1, 1999
	Turkey	1984 October 25	2004 July 21 (by Constitution)
	Northern Cyprus	Never		Treason during wartime, acts of terrorism and piracy jure gentium (by the law of nations), and for repeated murders[103]
	Ukraine	1997, March[104]	2000	Abolished February 2000 after the Constitutional Court ruled the death penalty unconstitutional in December 1999. New criminal code passed in April 2001.
	United Kingdom	1964 August 13	1965/2003	Abolished for murder in 1969 (officially suspended for five years in 1965) in Great Britain and 1973 in Northern Ireland. Abolished for arson in royal dockyards in 1971. Abolished for all remaining offences (high treason, piracy with violence and offences under military jurisdiction) in 1998. European Convention ratified in 2003 confirming total abolition. See Capital punishment in the United Kingdom
	Vatican City	1870 July 9 (Papal States[105])	1969

[edit] North America

Executions in 2008: Saint Kitts and Nevis (1), United States (37)

Key	Country	Last Execution	Abolished	Notes
	Antigua and Barbuda	1991 February 2		Murder
	Bahamas	2000 January 6		Treason; Piracy; Murder
	Barbados	1984 October 10[9]		Murder; Treason
	Belize	1985, June [9]		Murder, except where extenuating circumstances can be proved[106]
	Bermuda	1977	2000
	Canada	1962 December 11	1976[107]	For more information see Capital punishment in Canada
	Costa Rica	1859[108]	1877 (by Constitution)
	Cuba	2003		Most commuted to imprisonment for 30 years to life[109]
	Dominica	1986 August 8
	Dominican Republic	1966	1966 (by Constitution)
	El Salvador	1973	1983 (for other crimes)	May be imposed only in cases provided by military laws during a state of international war[110]
	Grenada	1978
	Guatemala	2000[111]
	Haiti	1972	1987 (by Constitution)
	Honduras	1940	1956(by Constitution)
	Jamaica	1988[112]		Murder[113]
	Mexico	1937	1917(for other crimes)/2005	Death penalty abolished by Constitution in 1917 except for military crimes, 2005 all crimes. Since the kidnap and murder of 14-year-old Fernando Marti in July 2008 at the hands of an organized group of criminals that included police officers, there has been social pressure to reinstate capital punishment and the issue is about to be brought up in Congress.[114][115]
	Nicaragua	1930	1979 (by Constitution)
	Panama	1903	1903 (by Constitution)
	Saint Kitts and Nevis	2008 December 19		Murder
	Saint Lucia	1995, October 17		Murder; Treason
	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	1995, February 13		Murder; Treason
	Trinidad and Tobago	1999, July 28		Murder; Treason[116]
	Turks and Caicos Islands		2002[117]
	United States	2009 March 11 (Texas) [118]		Federal law provides the death penalty for many homicide-related crimes; espionage; treason; trafficking large quantities of drugs.[119]; 35 of 50 states still exercise the death penalty. In practice, used only for murder; conspiracy to commit murder; treason. Sentences of death may be handed down by a jury or a judge, depending upon the jurisdiction. For more information see Capital punishment in the United States.

[edit] Oceania

Executions in 2008: none

Key	Country	Last Execution	Abolished	Notes
	Australia	1967, February 3[120]	1922 - 1985	Queensland 1922, Tasmania 1968, the Commonwealth, Northern Territory and the ACT 1973, Victoria: 1975, South Australia 1976, Western Australia 1984, New South Wales 1985. For more information see Capital punishment in Australia.
	Cook Islands	none since self-government	2007[121]	For more information see Capital punishment in the Cook Islands
	Fiji	1964	1979 (for other crimes)	Only for crimes under the Republic of Fiji Military Forces Act.
	Kiribati	none since independence	1979
	Marshall Islands	none since independence	1986 (by Constitution)
	Federated States of Micronesia	none since independence	1986 (by Constitution)
	Nauru	none since independence		Treason; Piracy; Murder
	New Zealand	1957 February 17	1989	For more information see Capital punishment in New Zealand
	Niue
	Palau	none since independence	1994
	Papua New Guinea	1950		Treason; Piracy; Attempted piracy; willful murder
	Samoa	1950s	January 21, 2004[122]
	Solomon Islands	none since independence	1978
	Tonga	1982		Treason; Murder
	Tuvalu	none since independence	1978
	Vanuatu	none since independence	1980

[edit] South America

Executions in 2008: none

Key	Country	Last Execution	Abolished	Notes
	Argentina	1916	1984 (for other crimes)/2009	Constitution states "The penalty of death for political offences, all kinds of torture, and flogging, are forever abolished."[123] The Military Code of Justice (including the death penalty) was abolished on August 6, 2008 and into law six months later.[124]
	Bolivia	1974	1997 (for other crimes)
	Brazil	1876	1978[125]	The last execution in Brazil happened in 1876 in Pilar, Alagoas, when a slave was convicted of murder and hanged. Capital punishment was abolished after Brazil became a republic in 1889, then reinstated and abolished again twice (1938-53 and 1969-78).[126] [127] [128] [125] Only one person was ever sentenced to death in the entire Republican period, in 1969, and the execution was not carried out.[129] The current Constitution of Brazil (1988) expressly forbids the use of capital punishment by the civil penal justice system, but the Constitution also allows for a Presidential prerogative to declare war on a foreign country, and international law allows "application of the death penalty (...) for a most serious crime of a military nature committed during wartime."[130] Thus, some articles of the 1969 Brazilian Military Penal Code (not generally applicable to civilians) are still in effect that provide for the capital punishment of Brazilian military members and foreign agents in a few situations such as treason during wartime.[131]
	Chile	1985	2001	Has been completely abolished from civil justice.
	Colombia	1909	1910 (by Constitution)	Prohibited by the Colombian Constitution of 1991: "The right to life is inviolable. There will be no death penalty."
	Ecuador	1884	1906 (by Constitution)
	Guyana	1997		terrorist acts[132]; murder; mass murder; rape; willful murder; treason; torture. The constitution states that it is not a mandatory punishment.
	Paraguay	1928	1992 (by Constitution)
	Peru	1979	1979 (for other crimes)	Treason in time of war; Terrorism[110]
	Suriname	1982	1987(by treaty)	Abolished by signing the treaty of San Jose, but formally it is not abolished. Aggravated or premeditated murder; treason[133]
	Uruguay	1905	1907 (by Constitution)
	Venezuela		1863 (by Constitution)

[edit] See also

• List of most recent executions by jurisdiction

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Amnesty International
• The Death Penalty Worldwide
• Countries retaining death penalty fail to give details of executions - United Nations, July 14, 2005
• Death Penalty in Asia-Pacific
• Monthly updates of world-wide executions
• Hands Off Cain (results may vary)
• Abolition UK