New York City Transit buses
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.jpg) MTA New York City Bus DesignLine #1302 picks up customers by Times Square on the M42. |
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| Slogan | Going Your Way |
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| Parent company | MTA Regional Bus Operations |
| Founded | 1953 |
| Headquarters | 2 Broadway, New York, NY 10004-2207 |
| Locale | New York City |
| Service area | Manhattan, The Bronx, Brooklyn, Staten Island, parts of Queens |
| Service type | Local, limited-stop, express, and BRT bus service. |
| Routes | 243 |
| Stops | 12,499 |
| Fleet | 4,535 fixed-route 1,450 ADA paratransit[1] |
| Daily ridership | 2.4 million daily (2006)[2] |
| Fuel type |
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| Operator | |
| Chief executive | Joseph A. Smith |
| Web site | NYC Transit |
New York City Transit buses, operating publicly as MTA New York City Bus, is a service of MTA Regional Bus Operations that operates in all five boroughs, employing roughly 4500 buses[3] on about 200 local and 40 express routes[4] within the five boroughs of New York City in the United States. The bus system is meant to complement the MTA's rail lines - the New York City Subway, Staten Island Railway, Long Island Rail Road, and Metro-North Railroad.
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[edit] Operations
New York City Transit bus routes are spread out citywide. Some lines, such as the Q5 and Q85 cross the Nassau County border to go the Green Acres Mall in Valley Stream. The Q2 and Q110 leave Queens as they run along Hempstead Turnpike and onto the Cross Island Parkway, and Belmont Racetrack in Elmont, where they re-enter the city. The Q46 runs along Lakeville Road in Lake Success, Nassau County upon entering Long Island Jewish Medical Center. The Bx16 bus runs in to Westchester County for two blocks in Mount Vernon. The Bx7 and the Bx10 both make their last stops at the Bronx-Westchester border, with the Bx7 to be extended into Westchester County during the third quarter of 2008. The S89 is the only route to have a stop outside state borders, terminating at the 34th Street Hudson-Bergen Light Rail station in Bayonne, New Jersey. Some Staten Island express routes run via New Jersey, but do not stop in the state.
Buses are labeled with a number and a prefix identifying the primary borough (B for Brooklyn, Bx for the Bronx, M for Manhattan, Q for Queens, and S for Staten Island). Express buses use the letter X rather than a borough label. Lettered suffixes can be used to designate branches or variants.
MTA Bus Company routes also follow this scheme, and MTA Long Island Bus uses N for Nassau County. W or BL and S are commonly used by the non-MTA Bee-Line Bus System (Westchester County) and Suffolk Transit (Suffolk County).
Between 10:00 PM (22:00) and 5:00 AM (05:00) "Request-a-Stop" service is available. The bus operator may discharge passengers at a location along the route that is not a bus stop, as long as it is considered safe. If the location is not "safe", the bus operator will discharge passengers at the nearest safe location. The same policy also applies to MTA Bus and Long Island Bus service (with restrictions for Long Island Bus).[5]
[edit] Local and limited-stop service
Local and limited-stop buses provide service within a borough, or in some cases across two. While local buses make all stops along a route, limited-stop buses only make stops at busy transfer points, points of interest, and heavily used roadways. Limited stop service was first attempted with the M4 bus during rush hours in 1973, then expanded to other routes from there. The usual setup is that limited stop service runs the full route, while local services run only in the limited stop area, and the limited stop buses run local at the tail ends of the route not served by locals, similar to the operation of some subway lines.
The following New York City Bus routes run limited stop service:
- Bronx: Bx1, Bx2, Bx41 and Bx55
- Brooklyn: B6, B35, B38, B41, B44, B46 and B49
- Manhattan: M1, M2, M4, M5, M15, M98 and M101
- Queens: Q4, Q5, Q17, Q27, Q36, Q43, Q44, Q46, Q83 and Q85
- Staten Island: S81, S84, S86, S89, S90, S91, S92, S93, S94, S96 and S98
Limited-Stop buses flash LIMITED on the destination sign and usually have an orange Limited sign in the windshield.
[edit] Select Bus Service
Select Bus Service (SBS), the brand name for MTA bus rapid transit service, is a variant of Limited-Stop bus service that requires fare payment to be made before boarding the bus, at fare payment machines in shelters at designated "stations" (such a shelter is shown to the left). On these buses, the operator is only able to dispense transfers, and then only for customers who had to pay their fare in coins. Receipts given for payment of fare are "proof-of-payment" that must be shown to fare enforcement upon request. In the event of the fare machine failing to issue a receipt, the bus operator must be notified of the problem. The implementation of this new service is paired with new lane markings and traffic signs that reserve a lane for buses only between 7AM and 7PM.[6]
SBS began on the Bx12 Fordham Road/Pelham Parkway line in the Bronx on 2008-06-29. The M15 First/Second Avenues line will see SBS implementation in fall 2009, and the S79 Hylan Boulevard/Richmond Avenue and B44 Nostrand Avenue lines will see implementation in 2011. Variants will also be implemented on 34th Street, 5 Avenue, and Madison Avenue in Manhattan.[7][6]
Buses used in this service are identifiable with blue lights on the sides of the destination sign, a special wrap below the blue stripe, as shown on #5741 at the top of the article, a flashing blue light in the windshield, and "stations" be similar to those pictured to the right. Locations of stops (and in some cases, the local bus stops) were shifted or eliminated where possible to prevent mixing of local bus customers. SBS is offered in conjunction with the New York City and New York State Department of Transportation.[8][9]
[edit] Express service
Express buses usually operate between Midtown Manhattan or Lower Manhattan and the other boroughs. While most express routes operate only during peak weekday hours, some routes (including the X1, X10, X17, X27, and X28, and various MTA Bus lines) run on a daily basis, from about 5:00 AM to 1:00 AM. MCI D series coaches and New Flyer over-the-road coaches are used for express service.
[edit] Demand response
In addition to a 100% accessible bus fleet, New York City Transit also provides paratransit services under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 under the Access-A-Ride brand, for customers who cannot use regular bus or subway service servicing all five boroughs of New York City at all times. [10] This system was acquired from the NYC Department of Transportation in 1993.
[edit] Bus stops
Within New York City, the color of the route on a bus stop sign indicates the type of service run, with one exception (the QBx1, which is a limited stop service). Routes are branded on bus stop signs, which are normally located every 2-3 blocks apart in most cases, as follows:
- Blue: Local bus service (also used for Long Island Bus and Bee-Line Bus System bus service operating closed-door in most cases within New York City).
- Purple: Limited-stop service scheduled to skip certain stops, with pickup and drop-off along the route (not used for the QBx1 route, which uses green stop signage)
- Black: Local bus service that utilizes a stop during late night hours only.
- Green: Express bus service that operates between boroughs and is closed-door to local travel within a borough (also used for the X25 and X90 intra-borough express routes, and used for the QBx1 limited-stop service).
- Turquoise: Select Bus Service (limited-stop service operating on a proof-of-payment system; fare payment required before boarding at payment machines in bus stops).
- Gold: Local bus service only serving that stop on days when public schools are in session (in most cases at the end of the school day).
Non-franchise services (such as private charter, suburban and tour services) have green lettering on white signage. Unless otherwise signed, bus stops are reserved for use of specified services at all times.
[edit] History
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This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2007) |
City involvement with surface transit in the city began in September 1919, when Mayor John Francis Hylan, through the New York City Department of Plant and Structures, organized private entrepreneurs to operate "emergency" buses to replace four abandoned storage battery streetcar lines: the Madison Street Line, Spring and Delancey Streets Line, Avenue C Line, and Sixth Avenue Ferry Line.[11] Many routes were soon added, replacing lines such as the Brooklyn and North River Line (trolleys)[12] and Queens Bus Lines (buses),[13] and the DP&S also began operating trolleys in Staten Island to replace the Staten Island Midland Railway's system.[14][15] Eventually all of these routes were transferred to private management.[citation needed]
Another city acquisition was the Bridge Operating Company, which ran the Williamsburg Bridge Local trolley, acquired in 1921 by the DP&S.[16] Unlike the other lines,[citation needed] this one remained city-operated, and was replaced by the B39 bus route on December 5, 1948, by then transferred to the New York City Board of Transportation.[17]
On February 23, 1947, the Board of Transportation took over the Staten Island bus network of the Isle Transportation Company. Further acquisitions were made on March 30, 1947 with the North Shore Bus Company in Queens, and September 24, 1948 with the East Side Omnibus Corporation and Comprehensive Omnibus Corporation in Manhattan. With the city takeover of the Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit Corporation's surface subsidiary, the Brooklyn and Queens Transit Corporation, on June 2, 1940,[18] the city gained a large network of trolley and bus lines, covering all of Brooklyn and portions of Queens.[19] The final Brooklyn trolleys were the Church Avenue Line and McDonald Avenue Line, discontinued on October 31, 1956,[20] though the privately-operated (by the Queensboro Bridge Railway) Queensboro Bridge Local remained until 1957.[21][22][23]
Thus, in the late 1950s, the city operated all local service in Staten Island and Brooklyn, about half the local service in Queens, and several routes in Manhattan. Several private companies operated buses in Queens, and the Avenue B and East Broadway Transit Company operated a small Manhattan system, but by far the largest system was the Fifth Avenue Coach Company and Surface Transit, which operated almost all Manhattan routes and all Bronx routes, plus two into Queens (15 Fifth Avene - Jackson Heights and TB Triborough Bridge and one within Queens (16 Elmhurst Crosstown). After a strike in 1962, the city took over operations. To avoid legal issues, a new agency, the Manhattan and Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority (MaBSTOA)was formed to operate the former Fifth Avenue Coach Lines and Surface Transit, Inc.routes. The final acquisition was in 1980, when MaBSTOA took over the Avenue B and East Broadway's routes, using MaBSTOA equipment with Avenue B red route roll signs (NYCTA acquired the 13 Grumman Flxibles that had been assigned to Avenue B and placed them in NYCTA service).[citation needed] Public takeover of the remaining Queens buses, as well as most express routes, was implemented in 2005 and 2006 by the new MTA Bus Company.[24] In 2008, the operations of MTA Bus Company, NYC Transit, and Long Island Bus were all merged into a new regional operation, MTA Regional Bus Operations. The New York City Bus brand continues to be used.
[edit] Fare
The base fare for riding any local or limited stop bus route is US$2.25 one-way trip (US$1.10 for seniors and disabilities), regardless of the distance traveled (transfers are available on request). An express bus fare costs US$5.50 each way (US$2.75 off-peak hours for seniors and disabilities). Fares are payable with a MetroCard or in exact change with coins (except Pennies and Half-Dollars). Only Express Bus Plus and Pay-Per-Ride (with at least a US$5.50 balance) MetroCards work on express buses. At one time, change was given by the driver on local buses. This practice ceased when the fare rose above 20¢.[25] Up to 3 children under 44" tall can ride free with a fare-paying adult on a local bus. One child under 2 riding in the lap of a fare-paying customer may ride free on an express bus.
For the Bx12 Select Bus Service, fare must be paid at the bus stop prior to boarding the bus. All other procedures remain the same, except that customers paying with coins needing a transfer must board via the front door.
Student MetroCards, issued by the New York City Department of Education Office of Pupil Transportation, are distributed to all eligible students in grades 7-12 throughout the city. These passes are normally valid Monday to Friday, 5:30 AM to 8:30 PM, for 3 rides a day (plus transfers) during the school year (some passes may have 4 trips plus transfers on them, or have Sunday eligibility). These passes are valid only for travel within New York City (but not valid on Bee-Line buses along Boston Road in the Bronx), and cannot be used for travel to and from Green Acres Mall.
Dollar bills are not accepted on any MTA buses (or Bee Line or Atlantic Express fixed-route buses, which use the same fare collection system), as a vacuum is used to collect coins from the fareboxes,[26] and the process would tear dollar bills.
When paying with change, a passenger can request a MetroCard Bus Transfer. It is valid for two hours and can be used only on Local and Limited Stop buses. Bus Transfers were called "Add-A-Ride" coupons when they were first made available in the 1970s for an additional charge.
Single fares were reduced to US$1.00 from US$2.00 for non-weekday dates during the 2005 holiday season and for the week from Christmas through New Year's holiday week. As of early 2006, the MTA was considering continuing this into future holiday seasons. The plan was ultimately dropped.
[edit] Garages and fleet
MTA New York City Bus operates buses using conventional diesel, diesel-electric hybrid and compressed natural gas technology. The agency currently operates approximately 500 CNG coaches and over 900 diesel-electric buses, to grow to 1,286 by 2010.
Buses are dispatched from 20 garages across New York City, with heavy-duty maintenance done at three facilities throughout the city.
[edit] See also
- Manhattan and Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority
- Buses in New York City
- Metropolitan Transportation Authority (New York) bus fleet
[edit] References
- ^ NYCT data from the NTD database
- ^ MTA New York City Transit
- ^ About New York City Transit: Buses
- ^ MTA NYC Transit - Bus Route Information
- ^ MTA NYC Transit - How to Ride the Bus
- ^ a b Riders Will Pay Before Boarding, and Save Time, on Revamped Bus Route, New York Times, June 29, 2008
- ^ "MTA Planning - NYC Bus Rapid Transit project". http://www.mta.info/mta/planning/sbs/faqs.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-24.
- ^ "MAYOR BLOOMBERG, MTA EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR AND CEO SANDER, AND DOT COMMISSIONER SADIK-KHAN UNVEIL NEW MTA SELECT BUS SERVICE (SBS) SYSTEM". 2008-03-25. http://www.nyc.gov/portal/site/nycgov/menuitem.c0935b9a57bb4ef3daf2f1c701c789a0/index.jsp?pageID=mayor_press_release&catID=1194&doc_name=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fom%2Fhtml%2F2008a%2Fpr101-08.html&cc=unused1978&rc=1194&ndi=1. Retrieved 2008-06-22.
- ^ "NYC's First - And Only? - Bus Rapid Transit route". 2008-03-25. http://blog.tstc.org/2008/03/25/nycs-first-and-only-bus-rapid-transit-route/. Retrieved 2008-06-22.
- ^ MTA Paratransit services description
- ^ New York Times, East Side Bus Line Gets City Permit, September 19, 1919, page 6
- ^ New York Times, Brooklyn Bus Line Starts, October 6, 1919, page 36
- ^ New York Times, Queens Bus Routes Taken Over by City, September 19, 1926, page 24
- ^ New York Times, Says City Cleared $4,359 on Car Line, July 18, 1921, page 14
- ^ Zachary M. Schrag, The Bus Is Young and HonestPDF (2.86 MiB)
- ^ New York Times, City to Run Bridge Line, February 5, 1921, page 22
- ^ Bridge Cars of '04 Yielding to Buses, December 2, 1948, page 58
- ^ New York Times, B.M.T. Lines Pass to City Ownership, June 2, 1940, page 1
- ^ Railway Directory and Yearbook, 1967
- ^ New York Times, Trolley Era Ends Today On City-Operated Lines, October 31, 1956, page 35
- ^ New York Times, End Soon of Two Brooklyn Trolley Lines Will Leave City With but One Short Route, December 30, 1955, page 15
- ^ New York Times, Queensboro Bridge Trolley Line, Last One Here, Appears Doomed, March 20, 1957
- ^ New York Times, City's Last Trolley at End of Line, April 7, 1957, page 1
- ^ MTA — City Law Breakfast with Elliot G. Sander
- ^ Fare information
- ^ Picture of the vacuuming the coins out of the fare box
[edit] External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: MTA Regional Bus Operations |
- Official MTA New York City Transit Bus page
- Urban Transit Club (UTC) New York City Bus Roster
- Comparative Study of Diesel vs Hybrid Buses operating in NYC. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Nov 2006
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