Curious that no mention was made of video framerates. That the 30-50ms "frame rate" found in the brain converts to 20-33 frames per second is striking since video turns from perceptible frames to an illusion of smooth motion in the same range. At 60fps it's almost nauseatingly smooth and any higher than that is basically impossible to detect, but really anywhere above 30 is completely convincing and anywhere below about 15 is obviously "framey".

I also experience first-hand the effect of a beat improving brain performance. Maybe it's not actually making my brain run faster, but if I ever need to get something done very quickly I put on something with a good solid beat, it works every time no matter what the music is. If it doesn't have a good beat, no matter how much I actually like the music, or if the beat isn't steady, it doesn't have the same effect. For example I love jazz but the more improvisational, the less effective it is at helping me work.

This article makes me wonder whether or not we perceive our world in real-time or whether our brains store the information first and then simply play it back to us. It might explain why you perceive something to be happening more slowly while you're experiencing it, simply because you're not experiencing it in real-time rather watching a recording that was "rich".

We're probably only talking about nanoseconds here between something happening and it being played back to you...any thoughts?

Nitrous oxide disrupts the synchronization between auditory and visual stimuli, among its many other odd effects. It's like living in a badly dubbed movie for a few minutes.

I just wanted to point out that; peripheral vision can see flickering light that the central vision cannot.

The "Watch that flicker 20-times per second" experiment need to account for this phenomenon too.

Also, outside bright-light may reduce retina response time, but indoor-electric-lighting would naturally flicker, which would interfere with the "flickering watch" experiment.

Perhaps one should directly transfer information to the brain rather than using the retina?

It was in perception/cognition by the same kind of conscious feeling that I ha d composed a couplet:

"we live by the Moments in Time to perish;

for love of the Bits of Thoughts to cherish"

The moments are like electrons or neurons, which behave differently under different conditions, like those under excited/depressed or fast/slow states etc. And it is the state of the mind, like an electric current, that prompts the neurons to either act smoothly or roughly. The 'moments' in/of 'time' or space-time are inseparably entwined with the moments in/of the electrons; and so are the 'bits' in/of 'thoughts' or consciousness with those of the neurons. It is absolutely essential for the said 'moments' and 'bits' to co-relate, coordinate and then act together as one cohesive force in order to perceive and interpret the objects and the events correctly. Any aberration of any sort, depending upon its intensity, can cause misinterpretation or confusion or chaos. Hence, it is warping of the brain that assumes or presumes warping of the time; The brain-warping and time-warping usually occurs because of mixing or overlapping of the past and the present (both are related with the 'time'), creating and imparting various/many levels to the consciousness. It is because of this mixing/overlapping that the wheel appears to rotate backwards when it is actually rotating forward; Because, in any given 'moment', there is more of the past than the present, and memory is like a needle of a gramophone on the tracks of the consciousness.That is why, we see more of the past-'moments' than the present-'moments' in our moment-to-moment perception.

You can experience the frozen frame effect when whiling away the hours until the traffic lights go green. Focus on a mark on the road in front of you, close to the track of the wheels of cars passing left/right. You'll perceive the spokes frozen or at least clearly visible, particularly of mag wheels. As soon as you look directly at the wheels, they blur as expected. The brain does see movement as a series of stills but joins them up to create the illusion of movement (see Oliver Sacks), but my guess is that it doesn't work as well outside the focal point.

I have also glanced up at an aircraft, missed focusing directly on it, then shifted focus. In that split second you can see the propellors frozen. Really spooked me the first time, I thought I was seeing a plane about to crash.