OpenDocument

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OpenDocument Format OpenDocument standardization OpenDocument technical specification OpenFormula OpenDocument adoption OpenDocument software Comparison of OpenDocument software

OpenDocument Text Filename extension .odt Internet media type application/vnd. oasis.opendocument. text Uniform Type Identifier org.oasis. opendocument.text[1] Developed by Sun Microsystems, OASIS Type of format Document file format Extended from XML Standard(s) ISO/IEC 26300:2006 Open format? Yes

OpenDocument Presentation Filename extension .odp Internet media type application/vnd. oasis.opendocument. presentation Uniform Type Identifier org.oasis. opendocument.presentation[1] Developed by Sun Microsystems, OASIS Type of format Presentation Extended from XML Standard(s) ISO/IEC 26300:2006 Open format? Yes

OpenDocument Spreadsheet Filename extension .ods Internet media type application/vnd. oasis.opendocument. spreadsheet Uniform Type Identifier org.oasis. opendocument.spreadsheet[1] Developed by Sun Microsystems, OASIS Type of format Spreadsheet Extended from XML Standard(s) ISO/IEC 26300:2006 Open format? Yes

OpenDocument Graphics Filename extension .odg Internet media type application/vnd. oasis.opendocument. graphics Uniform Type Identifier org.oasis. opendocument.graphics[1] Developed by Sun Microsystems, OASIS Type of format Graphics file format Extended from XML Standard(s) ISO/IEC 26300:2006 Open format? Yes

The Open Document Format for Office Applications (also known as OpenDocument or ODF) is an XML-based file format for representing electronic documents such as spreadsheets, charts, presentations and word processing documents.

While the specifications were originally developed by Sun Microsystems, the standard was developed by the OASIS Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument) TC - OASIS ODF TC,^[2] committee of the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) consortium and based on the XML format originally created and implemented by the OpenOffice.org office suite (see OpenOffice.org XML).

In addition to being an OASIS standard, it is published (in one of its version 1.0 manifestations) as an ISO/IEC international standard, ISO/IEC 26300:2006 Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument) v1.0.^[3]

[edit] Specifications

The most common filename extensions used for OpenDocument documents are:^[4]

• .odt for word processing (text) documents
• .ods for spreadsheets
• .odp for presentations
• .odg for graphics
• .odf for formulae, mathematical equations

A basic OpenDocument file consists of an XML document that has <document> as its root element. OpenDocument files can also take the format of a ZIP compressed archive containing a number of files and directories; these can contain binary content and benefit from ZIP's lossless compression to reduce file size. OpenDocument benefits from separation of concerns by separating the content, styles, metadata and application settings into four separate XML files.

There is a comprehensive set of sample documents in OpenDocument Format available.^[5] The whole test suite is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 license.

[edit] Standardization

The OpenDocument standard was developed by a Technical Committee (TC) under the OASIS industry consortium. The ODF-TC has members from a diverse set of companies and individuals. Active TC members have voting rights. Members associated with Sun and IBM have sometimes had a large voting influence.^[6] The standardization process involved the developers of many office suites or related document systems. The first official ODF-TC meeting to discuss the standard was December 16, 2002; OASIS approved OpenDocument as an OASIS Standard on May 1, 2005. OASIS submitted the ODF specification to ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 (JTC1) on November 16, 2005, under Publicly Available Specification (PAS) rules.

After a six-month review period, on May 3, 2006 OpenDocument unanimously passed its six-month DIS ballot in JTC 1 (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34), with broad participation,^[7] after which the OpenDocument specification was "approved for release as an ISO and IEC International Standard" under the name ISO/IEC 26300:2006.^[8]

After responding to all written ballot comments, and a 30-day default ballot, the OpenDocument International standard went to publication in ISO, officially published November 30, 2006.

Further standardization work with OpenDocument includes:

• The OASIS Committee Specification OpenDocument 1.0 (second edition) corresponds to the published ISO/IEC 26300:2006 standard. The content of ISO/IEC 26300 and OASIS OpenDocument v1.0 2nd ed. is identical.^[9] It includes the editorial changes made to address JTC1 ballot comments. It is available in ODF, HTML and PDF formats.
• OpenDocument 1.1 includes additional features to address accessibility concerns.^[10] It was approved as an OASIS Standard on 2007-02-01 following a call for vote issued on 2007-01-16.^[11] The public announcement was made on 2007-02-13.^[12] This version was not submitted to ISO/IEC, because it is considered to be a minor update to ODF 1.0 only, and OASIS were working already on ODF 1.2 at the time ODF 1.1 was approved.^[13]
• OpenDocument 1.2 is currently being written by the ODF TC. It is likely to include additional accessibility features, RDF-based metadata, a spreadsheet formula specification based on OpenFormula, support for digital signatures and some features suggested by the public. The OpenDocument 1.2 standard is currently in its second iteration of Committee Draft.^[14]

[edit] Application support

[edit] Software

The OpenDocument format is used in free software and in proprietary software. This includes office suites (both stand-alone and web-based) and individual applications such as word-processors, spreadsheets, presentation, and data management applications. Prominent office suites supporting OpenDocument fully or partially include:

• AbiWord^[15][16]
• Adobe Buzzword^[17]
• Atlantis Word Processor^[18]
• Aspose.Words is a component/library available for both .NET and Java platforms which enables opening and saving OpenDocument (ODT) documents.
• Google Docs^[19]
• IBM Lotus Symphony^[20][21]
• KOffice^[22]
• Microsoft Office 2010/Office 2007 SP2
• NeoOffice
• OpenOffice.org
• Sun Microsystems StarOffice
• SoftMaker Office
• WordPad 6.1 (Windows 7) partial support.
• Corel WordPerfect Office X4^[23]
• Zoho Office Suite
• Evince
• Okular

The OpenDocument Fellowship^[24] maintains a list of software and services that support the OpenDocument format. The list also provides information on the status of support for the format.^[25]

Various organizations have announced development of conversion software (including plugins and filters) to support OpenDocument on Microsoft's products;^[26][27] currently there are nine packages of conversion software.^[25] Microsoft has first released support for the OpenDocument Format in Office 2007 SP2.^[28] However the implementation faces substantial criticism and the ODF Alliance and others have claimed that the third party plugins provide better support.^[29]

Mac OS X 10.5 offers both a new TextEdit version and Quick Look feature supporting the OpenDocument Text format (albeit with some formatting loss).^{[clarification needed]}

[edit] Accessibility

The specification of OpenDocument has undergone an accessibility review, and a few additions were made to version 1.1 of the specification to improve accessibility. Many of the components it is built on, such as Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language and Scalable Vector Graphics, have already gone through the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Accessibility Initiative processes.

[edit] Licensing

[edit] Availability of the standard

Versions of the OpenDocument Format approved by OASIS are available for free download and use.^[30]

The ITTF has added ISO/IEC 26300 to its "list of freely available standards"; anyone may download and use this standard free-of-charge under the terms of a click-through license.^[31]

[edit] Additional royalty-free licensing on patented software

Key contributor Sun Microsystems made an irrevocable intellectual property covenant, providing all implementers with the guarantee that Sun will not seek to enforce any of its enforceable U.S. or foreign patents against any implementation of the OpenDocument specification in which development Sun participates to the point of incurring an obligation.^[32]

A second contributor to ODF development, IBM — which, for instance, has contributed Lotus spreadsheet documentation^[33] — has made their patent rights available through their Interoperability Specifications Pledge in which "IBM irrevocably covenants to you that it will not assert any Necessary Claims against you for your making, using, importing, selling, or offering for sale Covered Implementations."^[34]

Obligated members of the OASIS ODF TC have agreed to make certain licences available to implementors under the OASIS RF with Limited Terms IPR policy.

[edit] Response

[edit] Support for OpenDocument

Several governments, companies, organizations and software products support the OpenDocument format. For example:

• Information technology companies like Apple Inc., Adobe Systems, Google, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Nokia, Novell, Red Hat, Sun Microsystems as well as other companies who may or may not be working inside the OASIS OpenDocument Adoption Technical Committee.
• Over 600 companies and organizations promote OpenDocument format through The OpenDocument Format Alliance.^[35]
• NATO with its 26 members uses ODF as a mandatory standard for all members.^[36]
• The OpenOffice.org Suite and the KOffice Suite promote the OpenDocument Format, as it is used as their default file format.
• The OpenDocument Fellowship was founded to support and promote OpenDocument.
• In December 2007, the Wikimedia Foundation announced that by mid 2008 MediaWiki, which powers Wikipedia and a number of other Internet wiki-based sites, will provide OpenDocument export of wiki content.^[37]

On November 4, 2005, IBM and Sun Microsystems convened the "OpenDocument (ODF) Summit" in Armonk, New York, to discuss how to boost OpenDocument adoption. The ODF Summit brought together representatives from several industry groups and technology companies, including Oracle, Google, Adobe, Novell, Red Hat, Computer Associates, Corel, Nokia, Intel, and Linux e-mail company Scalix. (LaMonica, November 10, 2005). The providers committed resources to technically improve OpenDocument through existing standards bodies and to promote its usage in the marketplace, possibly through a stand-alone foundation.^[38]

[edit] Criticism

• OASIS ODF 1.0, 1.1 and ISO/IEC 26300:2006 do not define a definite spreadsheet formula language, syntax or function libraries.^[39][40]
• OASIS ODF 1.0, 1.1 and ISO/IEC 26300:2006 do not define digital signatures.^[41]
• The OpenDocument specifications OASIS ODF 1.0, 1.1 and ISO/IEC 26300:2006 were suspected to prohibit the use of tables in presentations.^[42] However this assumption came from a confusion between the standard specifications and the OpenOffice.org software (whose old versions didn't provide a native support for tables in presentations), knowing that the specifications themselves allow the use of tables in any kind of document and that there is only a single type of table for all uses in OpenDocument, including presentations.
• Different applications using ODF as a standard document format have different methods of providing macro/scripting capabilities. There is no macro language specified in ODF. Users and developers differ on whether inclusion of a standard scripting language would be desirable.^[43]
• The OpenDocument Format 1.0–1.1 specifications refer to 'ZIP' files but do not reference an ISO standard which describes the zip file format. A specification for the Zip format was distributed with PKZIP in the file APPNOTE.TXT and this continues to be maintained,^[44][45] but this specification has not gone through a standardization process at the ISO.
• Microsoft claims that it is not possible to implement robust and reliable tracked changes using OpenDocument.^[46]
• According to Jesper Lund Stocholm (Danish ISO/IEC representative), OpenDocument has a very limited description of tracked changes. OpenDocument does not support change tracking in elements like tables or MathML.^[47]
• Using MathML in OpenDocument, it is not possible to use generic ODF formatting style elements (like font information) for the MathML elements.^[47]

[edit] Worldwide adoption

One objective of open formats like OpenDocument is to guarantee long-term access to data without legal or technical barriers, and some governments have come to view open formats as a public policy issue. Several governments around the world have introduced policies of partial or complete adoption. What this means varies from case to case; in some cases, it means that the ODF standard has a national standard identifier; in some cases, it means that the ODF standard is permitted to be used where national regulation says that non-proprietary formats must be used, and in still other cases, it means that some government body has actually decided that ODF will be used in some specific context. The following is an incomplete list:

[edit] International level

• NATO

[edit] National level

[edit] Africa

• South Africa

[edit] Asia

• Japan
• Malaysia
• India
• South Korea

[edit] Europe

• Belgium
• Croatia
• Denmark
• France
• Germany
• Hungary
• Italy
• Netherlands
• Norway
• Poland
• Russia
• Slovakia
• Sweden
• Switzerland
• United Kingdom

[edit] South America

• Brazil
• Uruguay
• Venezuela

[edit] Subnational levels

• Andalusia (Spain)
• Assam (India)
• Extremadura (Spain)
• Hong Kong (China)
• Kerala (India)
• Massachusetts (United States)
• Misiones (Argentina)
• Munich (Germany)^[48]
• Paraná (Brazil)

[edit] See also

• Comparison of document markup languages
• List of document markup languages
• OpenDocument software

[edit] External links

• OpenDocument Fellowship Volunteer organization with members around the world to promote the adoption, use and development of the OpenDocument format.
• OpenDocument Format Alliance The alliance works globally to educate policymakers, IT administrators and the public on the benefits and opportunities of the OpenDocument Format, to help ensure that government information, records and documents are accessible across platforms and applications, even as technologies change today and in the future.
• OpenDocument XML.org The official community gathering place and information resource for the OpenDocument OASIS Standard (ISO/IEC 26300).
• OASIS OpenDocument Technical Committee coordinates the OpenDocument development and is the official source for specifications, schemas, etc.
• Technical disputes regarding ODF vs. OOXML

[edit] References