Legal drinking age

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Legal drinking age refers to the youngest age at which a person is legally permitted to buy alcoholic beverages. It is often different from the age at which one is permitted to drink alcohol. There are often exceptions and complications within the general law. In some countries, the drinking age is different for public drinking (as in bars and pubs) and private drinking (as in the home). The legal drinking age can be different for different types of alcoholic beverages.

The legal drinking age varies around the world. In Europe, people in some countries are allowed to drink alcoholic beverages from childhood within their home (in Albania, for example, there is no minimum age). In India, the legal age may be as high as 25 years. Some Islamic nations prohibit Muslims, or both Muslims and non-Muslims, from drinking alcohol at any age.

Contents

[edit] Africa

Country/region De jure Notes
Drinking age Purchase age
 Botswana 18[1]
 Cameroon 18[1] 21[1] 18 on the premises, 21 off the premises
 Egypt 18 (beer), 21 (wine/spirits)[1][2]
 Eritrea 16[1]
 Ethiopia 18[1]
 Gambia 18 [1] Banned for Muslims
 Ghana 18[3]
 Kenya 18[1]
 Malawi 18[3]
 Mauritius none[1]
 Morocco none[4] 16[4]
 Namibia 18[1]
 Niger 18[1]
 Nigeria 18[1]
 Rwanda 18[1]
 South Africa 18[1]
 Swaziland none[1] 18[1]
 Sudan 16[1]
 Uganda 18[1]
 Tunisia 18[1]
 Zambia 16[1]
 Zimbabwe 18[1]

[edit] Americas

Country / region De jure Notes
Drinking age Purchase age
 Argentina 18[1]
 Bahamas 18[1]
 Belize 18[1]
 Bermuda 18[1]
 Bolivia 18[1]
 Brazil 18[1]
 Canada 18[1] Alberta, Manitoba, and Quebec, but underage drinking by 16-17 year olds under parental supervision is permitted in Manitoba and under parental supervision in a residence or a temporary residence in Alberta.[5]
19 [1] In British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Northwest Territories, Yukon, and Nunavut the legal drinking age is 19. Underage drinking under parental supervision is permitted, with some restrictions, on one's own property in the provinces of New Brunswick[6] and Ontario[7] and at home in the provinces of Prince Edward Island, British Columbia[8] and Saskatchewan.[9] In British Columbia, only children of the supervising parents, not any other minors, such as guests are allowed underage drinking. Consumption of alcohol in another person's home is subject to other laws.[10]
 Chile 18[1]
 Colombia 18[1]
 Costa Rica 18[1]
 Cuba none[1] 18[1]
 Dominican Republic 18[1]
 Ecuador 18[1]
 El Salvador 18[1]
 Guatemala 18[1]
 Haiti 16[1]
 Honduras 18[11]
 Jamaica 18[1]
 Mexico 18[12]
 Nicaragua 19[1]
 Panama 18[1]
 Paraguay 20[1]
 Peru none[1] 18[1]
 Puerto Rico 18[13]
 Trinidad and Tobago 18[1]
 United States
(50 states and integral territories)		 none-21[1] 21[1]

The National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 states that revenue will be withheld from states that allow the purchase of alcohol by anyone under the age of 21. Prior to the effective date of that Act, the drinking age varied from state to state. Some states do not allow those under the legal drinking age to be present in liquor stores or in bars (usually, the difference between a bar and a restaurant is whether food is being served). Contrary to popular belief, since the act went into law, few states specifically prohibit minors and young adults from consuming alcohol in private settings. As of January 1, 2007, 14 states and the District of Columbia ban underage consumption outright, 19 states do not specifically ban underage consumption, and an additional 17 states have family member and/or location exceptions to their underage consumption laws.

Federal law explicitly provides for religious, medical, employment and private club possession exceptions; as of 2005, 31 states have family member and/or location exceptions to their underage possession laws. However, non-alcoholic beer in many (but not all) states, such as Idaho, Texas, and Maryland, is considered legal for minors (those under the age of 21).[14]

By a judge's ruling, South Carolina appears to allow the possession and consumption of alcohol by those 18 to 20 years of age,[15] though a circuit court judge said otherwise.
 United States Virgin Islands 18[citation needed] 21
 Uruguay 18[1]
 Venezuela 18[1]

[edit] Asia

Country / region De jure Notes
Drinking age Purchase age
 Afghanistan illegal[16]
 Armenia none
 Azerbaijan 18[1]
 Brunei illegal[1]
 Bangladesh illegal[17]
 Cambodia none[18]
 People's Republic of China 18[1] Introduced in January 2006.[19]
 Georgia (country) none[1] 16[1]
 Hong Kong 18[1]
 India 18–25 (varies between states; e.g., 25 in Delhi).[1] Consumption of alcohol is prohibited in the states of Manipur, Mizoram and Gujarat.[20]
 Indonesia 15/16+ 21 is advised drinking age[1]
 Iran illegal[21] Legal for certain religious groups like Jews and Armenian Catholics if required for ceremonies.
 Iraq 18[1]
 Israel 18[1]
 Jordan 18[22]
 Japan 20[1]
 Kazakhstan 21 Sources given by Askar Perneyev. Alcohol purchase and sale is forbidden after 11.00 pm.
 Kuwait illegal[23]
 Lebanon 18[1]
 Macau none[1] none[1][24]
 Malaysia none[1] 18[1] Sale of alcohol is limited to selected places in areas with more than 50% of Muslim population. The sale of alcohol is prohibited in Kelantan and Terengganu, as the state has majority of the Muslim population. It is illegal to sell alcohol to Muslims and persons under 18, but there are no restriction on drinking age.
 Mongolia 18[25]
 Nepal 18[1] None
 North Korea 18[1] Alcoholic beverages are served on Saturdays.
 Oman 21[1]
 Pakistan 21 Illegal for Muslims[1]
 Philippines 18[26]
 Saudi Arabia illegal Forbidden by Sharia (Islamic Law, with qur'anic and other traditional legal inspirations). Offenders are typically punished with lashes.
 Singapore 18[1]
 South Korea 19[1] If the person is 20 years old in Korean age, one can drink. (That is 18-19 in universal age, meaning that if the person becomes 19 in the same year, even if is 18 years old, that person may drink.)
 Sri Lanka 21[1]
 Taiwan (Republic of China) 18[27]
  • It is illegal for anyone under the age of 18 to consume alcohol.[28]
  • Parents, guardians, and others taking care of people under 18 shall prohibit underage drinking,[29] or risk administrative fines of 10000 to 50000 new Taiwan dollars when the situations are serious.[30]
  • One shall not supply alcohol to anyone under the age of 6.[31] A violator shall be administratively fined 3000 to 15000 new Taiwan dollars.[32]
 Tajikistan 21[1]
 Thailand none 20 The legal purchase age is 20 years, but ID checks are rare. Prohibition of sales in shops is strictly enforced only by shops that are owned by corporations such as 7-Eleven, Tesco, and Carrefour. Grocery stores are usually lenient if the buyer seems to be over 18. There is no penalty for underage persons who drink alcohol. Persons under 20 years of age may not enter clubs.
 Turkey 18[12] Some new laws were introduced since 2005 by the AK Parti government.[33][34][35][36]

A minimum of 16 years of age are allowed to drink non-distilled beverages while being accompanied by parents.[citation needed]
 Turkmenistan 18[1]
 United Arab Emirates 21 Expatriate, non-Muslim residents may request a liquor permit to purchase alcoholic beverages; it is illegal for such holders to provide drinks to others.[37]
 Yemen illegal

[edit] Europe

Country / region De jure Notes
Drinking age Purchase age
 Austria 16, 18 for distilled beverages in some states Upper Austria, Salzburg and Tirol prohibit the consumption of distilled beverages below the age of 18, while Carinthia and Styria prohibit drinks containing more than 12% or 14% of alcohol respectively in this age bracket. Carinthia additionally requires adolescents to maintain a blood alcohol level below 0.05%, while Upper Austria prohibits "excessive consumption", and Salzburg prohibits consumption that would result in a state of intoxication. Prohibitions in Vienna, Burgenland, Lower Austria and Vorarlberg apply only to alcohol consumption in public. Vienna additionally prohibits the consumption of alcohol in schools under the age of 18.[38]
 Belarus 18[12]
 Belgium (Bars, etc.) 16/18 for distilled and strong spirits (>22%) 16/18 for distilled and strong spirits (>22%) In Belgium, the purchase age and drinking age for distilled and strong spirits (greater than 22%) is 18 years. There is no drinking age for other alcoholic beverages; 16 year olds can buy these in stores but cannot order or buy them in bars. However, if an older person orders those drinks and passes them to a less than 16 year old, no law is violated.[39]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 16[citation needed] 18[citation needed]
 Bulgaria none 18[12] Bulgaria's Health Act prohibits the sale of alcoholic beverages to persons under 18 years of age, but not their consumption.[40]
 Croatia 18[12]
 Cyprus 17[12]
 Czech Republic 18[41]
 Denmark none 16 (shops), 18 (bars) To buy alcohol in stores, one must be 16, buy at all bars, restaurants and discos the limit is 18. There is no drinking age, only a purchase age, and an adult may buy alcohol for a minor. By tradition, youths are privately allowed to drink alcohol after their confirmation.[42] If a shop or bar fails to ask for an ID card and is identified having sold alcohol to an underage, it is fined. A national ID card, obtained in the local town hall, can serve as age verification.[43] This card is rarely used though, since a passport or moped-licence can sometimes be used.

[44]
 Estonia 18[12]
 Finland 18 (bars and restaurants), adult discretion in private[45] 18 (up to 22% ABV in stores and all alcohol in bars), 20 (all alcohol); alcohol may not be sold to intoxicated customers. Age limits apply to purchase and possession. Police may search minors in public places and confiscate or destroy alcoholic beverages. Adults are responsible for alcohol use by minors in private.
 France none 18 Buying alcohol is illegal below the age of 18.[46] Selling alcohol to a minor can be fined 7500 euros.[47] The law has been changed recently.[48] Drinking alcohol is not forbidden to minors in private, but supplying them with alcohol that results in intoxication is forbidden.[49]
 Germany 16 years for wine, beer, and cider; 18 for spirits and spirit-based beverages (e.g., alcopops; 14 when with parents 16, 18 for distilled beverages[50] Possession or consumption of alcohol by minors is not outlawed, but it is illegal to sell them alcohol or let them drink in public below the respective drinking age. Fermented alcoholic beverages may be consumed by minors in public when in presence of a legal guardian; drinking in private is not controlled. The restrictions on distilled beverages apply also to mixed drinks containing them.[50]
 Gibraltar none 16[citation needed]
 Greece none 16[12]
 Hungary none 18[12]
 Iceland 20[51] Possession or consumption of alcohol by minors is not an offence but supplying them with alcohol is. However, law allows alcohol possessed by a minor to be confiscated.
 Ireland 18[1] 18[1] Unless the person is at least 18 years old, it is illegal to buy, attempt to buy, or consume alcohol in Ireland. It is also illegal to obtain alcohol for anybody under the age of 18. [52]
 Italy none none, 16 (limit to get served alcoholic drinks in public places) South Tyrol prohibits both serving and purchase for people under the age of 16 and to everybody in a state of inebriation.[53] Milan has enforced a ban on those under 16 purchasing alcohol. Heavy fines are given to proprieters and parents if a transaction is completed.
 Liechtenstein 16 for wine, beer and cider
18 for spirits and spirit-based beverages. e.g. alcopops		 Wine, beer and ciders as well as some other party drinks sometimes without spirits may be purchased by the age of 16. Spirits as well as alcopops may be sold only to people above the age of 18.[54]
 Luxembourg 16[12]}
 Latvia 18[12]
 Lithuania 18[12]
 Republic of Macedonia 18[citation needed]
 Malta 16[12] Must provide identification upon request.
 Moldova No minimum age (beer)[citation needed],
18 (wine and spirits)[12]
 Montenegro none 18[citation needed]
 Netherlands 16 in pubs or cafes 16 (under 15% ABV),
18 (15% ABV and over)		 If the person is under the age of 20, an identity card has to be shown before buying. Drinking in public is banned by local ordinance in most municipalities. Selling alcohol to underaged customers carries a fine of €900–€3,600.
 Norway none[55] Selling alcohol to minors (under 18 for beer/wine, under 20 for drinks with at least 22% ethanol) is illegal, as is buying alcohol for minors. Minors consuming alcohol are never held criminally responsible, the crime instead laying in those who sold or obtained it for them. Alcohol possessed by minors may be confiscated as evidence. Drinking in public is prohibited for everyone.
 Poland 18[56] §15.1 Clearly states that buyers must be at least 18 and prove it with ID if they look like they may not be at least that age. However, drinking alcohol under 18 is not forbidden.
 Portugal 16[12]
 Romania none[citation needed] 18[citation needed]
 Russia 18[12]
 Serbia none[citation needed] There is no law that regulates the minimum drinking or purchase age, but some stores display notices saying that the sale of alcoholic beverages to minors is prohibited.
 Slovakia 18[12]
 Slovenia none 18[citation needed] There is no law regulating the possession and consumption, but it is illegal to sell or offer alcohol of any kind to minors. Also, it is illegal to sell alcohol in stores from 9 pm to 7 am and before 10 am in bars and restaurants. The law also prohibits serving alcohol to obviously intoxicated customers as well as less than one hour before and also during sport events.
 Spain 18[12] 16 in Asturias[12]
 Sweden 18 (bars and restaurants)[12] 20 (Systembolaget[57] stores),

18 (beer with 2.25%–3.5% ABV in normal shops), none (less than 2.25% ABV)

 See also alcohol in Sweden. Bars and clubs often voluntarily choose to have higher age limits than 18, commonly 20 or 23. It is not illegal to drink below 18, but it is illegal to sell, lend or give alcohol to someone under age[58], and the police can seize alcohol from them. It is illegal to give alcohol as a gift to someone under 18.[58].
 Switzerland 16 (for beer, wine and cider), 18 (for spirits, liquor and alcopops)[citation needed]
 Turkey 16 (restaurants and with meal), 18 (otherwise) New laws were introduced since 2005 by the AK Parti government.[33][34][35][36]

A minimum of 16 years of age are allowed to drink non-distilled beverages while being accompanied by parents.[citation needed]
 Ukraine 18[1]
 United Kingdom

5 (minimum age in private)

16 (in public with a meal and accompanied by an adult)

18 (otherwise)

 18 Children under 5 must not be given alcohol unless under medical supervision or in an emergency (Children and Young Persons Act 1933, Children and Young Persons (Scotland) Act 1937).[59][60]

The minimum age for the purchase of alcohol is 18. People aged 16 or 17 may consume wine, beer or cider on licensed premises (pubs/bars/restaurants) with a table meal. In England and Wales, it must be an adult who orders.[61] In Scotland, no adult is required to be present.[62][63] The legal age for the purchase of alcohol from an off-license (store/supermarket) is 18. (The legal age to buy liqueur chocolates is 16. but this is rarely enforced.)

Under the BBPA's Challenge 21 scheme, customers attempting to buy alcoholic beverages are asked to prove their age if in the retailer's opinion they look under 21 even though the law states they must be a minimum of 18. Many supermarket and off-licence chains display Challenge 21 notices stating that they will not serve persons who look under 21 without ID.

There is also a new "Challenge 25" scheme being rolled out in some parts of England, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

Purchasing alcohol on behalf of a minor is illegal in all of the United Kingdom. This means acting as the young person's agent.[64][65]

[edit] Oceania

Country / region De jure Notes
Drinking age Purchase age
 American Samoa 21[citation needed]
 Australia 18[12] 18 See alcohol laws of Australia for more details.
 Fiji 18 The age was 21 from 2006-2009 but was lowered to 18 on May 19, 2009 and is very rarely enforced.[66]
 Guam 21 Raised to 21 on July 8, 2010.[67]
 Micronesia 21[1]
 New Zealand None 18
Proposed new laws give the age of 18 for bars and clubs, 20 for stores and supermarkets[68]		 There is no minimum drinking age, although there is a 2000 New Zealand dollar fine for providing alcohol to a minor without parental consent. In August 2010, the beginnings of a liquor law reform package were rolled out. These new laws will mean that no one under 20 may purchase alcohol from an off-license, but the legal drinking age at bars/clubs and restaurants will still be 18. Anybody under the age of 20 may be supplied alcohol by aparent or legal guardian. Due to the new party rule, if there is any person under the age of 20 present while alcohol is being bought in a shop, the shop may refuse to sell the alcohol (unless the person under 20 is the child or the dependant of the purchasers). [69]
 Northern Mariana Islands 21[citation needed]
 Palau 21[12]
 Papua New Guinea 18[12]
 Samoa 18[12]
 Solomon Islands none[12]
 Tonga none[12]
 Tokelau 16[citation needed]
 Vanuatu 18[12]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca "Minimum Age Limits Worldwide". International Center for Alcohol Policies. May 2009. http://www.icap.org/Table/MinimumAgeLimitsWorldwide. Retrieved 24 October 2010. 
  2. ^ Global Status Report: Alcohol Policy, Egypt
  3. ^ a b "Global Status Report: Alcohol Policy - Country Profiles". World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/alcoholpolicycountryprofiles/en/index.html. 
  4. ^ a b "Minimum Legal Ages for Alcohol Purchase or Consumption Around the World". World Health Organization. http://www.geocities.jp/m_kato_clinic/mini-age-alcohol-eng-1.html. 
  5. ^ Alberta Gaming and Liquor Act section 87.3
  6. ^ Liquor Control Act (L-10), Section 137
  7. ^ Ontario Liquor Law Section 30.13
  8. ^ "Liquor Licence Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. L.19". E-laws.gov.on.ca. 2007-07-01. http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_90l19_e.htm#BK33. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
  9. ^ Drinking Age Limits - International Center for Alcohol Policies
  10. ^ [1]
  11. ^ http://www.grsproadsafety.org/themes/default/pdfs/Drinking%20Age%20Limits.pdf.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa http://www2.potsdam.edu/hansondj/LegalDrinkingAge.html
  13. ^ http://www.experience-puertorico.com/pr.html?secc=before
  14. ^ Exceptions to Minimum Age of 21 for Possession of Alcohol as of January 1, 2009, Alcohol Policy Information System
  15. ^ Judge: State law barring underage drinking is unconstitutional
  16. ^ Institute for War and Peace Reporting (2009-06-17). "Drinkers Dismissive of Latest Alcohol Ban". ARR No. 322. http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,4565c225e,458663c02,4a3b58f0c,0.html. Retrieved 2010-02-28. 
  17. ^ "Bangladesh". Global Status Report on Alcohol 2004. World Health Organization. 2004. http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/en/bangladesh.pdf. Retrieved 2009-03-28. 
  18. ^ "Global Status Report: Alcohol Policy, Cambodia" (PDF). http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/policy_cambodia.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
  19. ^ China bans under-age drinking, China Daily, 2006-01-06. Retrieved 2008-02-03.
  20. ^ "Alcohol Prohibition and Addictive Consumption in India" (PDF). Archived from the original on 2007-09-17. http://web.archive.org/web/20070917040706/http://www.eudnet.net/workshops/workshop10-2002/rahman.pdf. Retrieved 2008-03-11. 
  21. ^ "Global Status Report: Alcohol Policy, Islamic Republic of Iran" (PDF). http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/policy_iran.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
  22. ^ "Global Status Report: Alcohol Policy, Jordan" (PDF). http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/policy_jordan.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
  23. ^ Who Are The Abstainers?. International Center for Alcohol Policies. June 2000. http://www.icap.org/portals/0/download/all_pdfs/ICAP_Reports_English/report8.pdf. 
  24. ^ "Food and Drink". Worldtravelguide.net. http://www.worldtravelguide.net/country/153/entertainment/Far-East-Asia/Macau.html. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
  25. ^ Global Status Report: Alcohol Policy, Mongolia
  26. ^ Global Status Report: Alcohol Policy, Philippines
  27. ^ Article 2 of the Children and Youth Welfare Law (zh:兒童及少年福利法) of the Republic of China, effective since 2003-05-28 in Taiwan Area, defines children and youth as people under the age of 18.
  28. ^ Clause 1 of Section 1 of Article 26 of the Children and Youth Welfare Law (zh:兒童及少年福利法) of the Republic of China, effective since 2003-05-28 in Taiwan Area
  29. ^ Section 2 of Article 26 of the Children and Youth Welfare Law of the Republic of China
  30. ^ Section 1 of Article 55 of the Children and Youth Welfare Law of the Republic of China
  31. ^ Section 3 of Article 26 of the Children and Youth Welfare Law of the Republic of China
  32. ^ Section 2 of Article 55 of the Children and Youth Welfare Law of the Republic of China
  33. ^ a b Turkey: Alcohol ban in government cafes and restaurants Friday, November 25, 2005 @ 09:38 AM Central Standard Time. TURKS.us
  34. ^ a b Secular Turkey is angered by spectre of alcohol-free zones By Elizabeth Davies. Thursday, 15 December 2005. The Independent
  35. ^ a b Turkey's Islamist-rooted AKP to propose new bans on alcohol Hurriyet News
  36. ^ a b New alcohol law prompts fears for Turkish bar trade Robert Tait in Istanbul. The Guardian, Friday 16 May 2008
  37. ^ "International Drinking Guidelines". International Center for Alcohol Policies. http://www.icap.org/PolicyIssues/DrinkingGuidelines/GuidelinesTable/tabid/204/Default.aspx. Retrieved 2009-02-17. 
  38. ^ information based on the respective state Youth Protection Laws, available at [2], as of December 11, 2007
  39. ^ http://www.respect16.be/nl/horeca.cfm
  40. ^ Bulgaria's Health Act (Закон за здравето)
  41. ^ "International Center for Alcohol Policies: Age Laws Table". Icap.org. http://www.icap.org/PolicyIssues/YoungPeoplesDrinking/AgeLawsTable/tabid/219/Default.aspx. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
  42. ^ "Alcohol culture in Denmark". Alcoholcultureindenmark.webbyen.dk. http://alcoholcultureindenmark.webbyen.dk/. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
  43. ^ "Lov om forbud mod salg af tobak og alkohol til personer under 16 år" (in dk). https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=9878. 
  44. ^ Få unge har købt legitimationskort, Danmarks Radio, 01. July 2006
  45. ^ Alcoholic beverages act http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1994/19941143?search[type]=pika&search[pika]=alkoholi
  46. ^ French Public Health Code, Art L3342-1
  47. ^ French Public Health Code, Art L3353-3
  48. ^ Law passed on 23 July 2009.
  49. ^ French Public Health Code, Art L3353-4.
  50. ^ a b German law for the protection of minors
  51. ^ Practical Information School for Renewable Engergy Science, Iceland
  52. ^ http://goireland.about.com/od/safetyinireland/qt/alcohol_law.htm
  53. ^ "Autonomous Province of Bozen/Bolzano-South Tyrol - Press release of the Department for Health (in Italian)". Provinz.bz.it. http://www.provinz.bz.it/sozialwesen/news/news_i.asp?art=194930&HLM=1. Retrieved 2009-06-20. [dead link]
  54. ^ "Jugendgesetz vom 19. Dezember 1979". Gesetze.li. http://www.gesetze.li/get_pdf.jsp?PDF=.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
  55. ^ "Proposition to Odelstinget rejecting the idea of holding minors criminally responsible for the purchase or consumption of alcohol". Regjeringen.no. http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/aid/dok/regpubl/otprp/19961997/Otprp-nr-7-1996-97-/16/3.html?id=299088. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
  56. ^ "USTAWA z dnia 26 października 1982 r. o wychowaniu w trzeźwości i przeciwdziałaniu alkoholizmowi. (tekst jednolity: Dz. U. 2002 r. Nr 147 poz. 1231)". http://static1.money.pl/d/akty_prawne/pdf/DU/2002/147/DU20021471231.pdf. 
  57. ^ "Systembolaget - Rules on selling". Systembolaget.se. http://www.systembolaget.se/Applikationer/Knappar/InEnglish/Rules+on+selling.htm. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
  58. ^ a b Alkohollag (1994:1738) 3 kap 9 §
  59. ^ "Children and Young Persons Act 1933 (c.12) - Statute Law Database". Statutelaw.gov.uk. http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?LegType=All+Legislation&title=children+young+persons&Year=1933&searchEnacted=0&extentMatchOnly=0&confersPower=0&blanketAmendment=0&sortAlpha=0&TYPE=QS&PageNumber=1&NavFrom=0&parentActiveTextDocId=1109288&ActiveTextDocId=1109297&filesize=1694. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
  60. ^ "Children and Young Persons (Scotland) Act 1937 (c.37), section 16 - Statute Law Database". Statutelaw.gov.uk. http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?LegType=All+Legislation&Year=1937&searchEnacted=0&extentMatchOnly=0&confersPower=0&blanketAmendment=0&sortAlpha=0&TYPE=QS&PageNumber=1&NavFrom=0&parentActiveTextDocId=1111220&ActiveTextDocId=1111230&filesize=1737. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
  61. ^ Consumption of alcohol by children, Section 150, Licensing Act 2003
  62. ^ "Licensing (Scotland) Act 1976, section 68". Statutelaw.gov.uk. http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?LegType=All+Legislation&title=licensing&Year=1976&searchEnacted=0&extentMatchOnly=0&confersPower=0&blanketAmendment=0&sortAlpha=0&TYPE=QS&PageNumber=1&NavFrom=0&parentActiveTextDocId=1478300&ActiveTextDocId=1478375&filesize=4011. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
  63. ^ "Licensing (Scotland) Act 2005, section 105". Statutelaw.gov.uk. http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?LegType=All+Legislation&title=licensing&Year=2005&searchEnacted=0&extentMatchOnly=0&confersPower=0&blanketAmendment=0&sortAlpha=0&TYPE=QS&PageNumber=1&NavFrom=0&parentActiveTextDocId=1939670&ActiveTextDocId=1939812&filesize=3052. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
  64. ^ publisher= Department of Culture Media and Sport Chapter12 Sale and Supply of Alcohol to Children
  65. ^ "Alcohol: under aged drinking - law". InfoScotland.com. http://www.infoscotland.com/alcohol/displaypage.jsp;jsessionid=B0A9FD30EB7E73F6C35147B443BBEE80?p_applic=CCC&pContentID=70&p_service=Content.show&. 
  66. ^ "State lowers legal drink age - Fiji Times Online". Fijitimes.com. 2009-05-20. http://www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=121699. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
  67. ^ http://www.pacificnewscenter.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6354:drinking-age-on-guam-is-now-21&catid=45:guam-news&Itemid=156 The Drinking Age On Guam Is Now 21, Pacific News Center, July 8, 2010.
  68. ^ http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/08/23/2991076.htm
  69. ^ "Youth drinkers targeted in alcohol law changes". 3news.co.nz. 2010-08-23. http://www.3news.co.nz/Young-drinkers-targeted-in-alcohol-law-changes/tabid/419/articleID/172165/Default.aspx. Retrieved 2010-08-23. 

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