Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)

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Islamic insurgency in the Maghreb Part of the War on Terrorism States of Maghreb and Sahel affected by the insurgency Date 2002 – ongoing Location Algeria, Ceuta, Mali, Mellila, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Tunisia Status Ongoing Belligerents Algeria Morocco Mali Mauritania[1]  France[2] Limited involvement:  Tunisia[3]  Senegal[4]  Burkina Faso[5]  Nigeria[6] Supported by:  United States  United Kingdom  European Union  Spain[7]  Chad[8] Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb (2002-2007 under the name Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat) Free Salafist Group (GSL) Morroco : Moroccan Group of Preaching and Combat[9] Moroccan Islamic Front[9] Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group (MICG) Tunisia :Tunisian Combat Group Tunisian Islamic Fighting Group (GMPC) El Jabha El Islamiya Ettounsia Spain (Ceuta and Melilla) : Salafia Jihadia Nadim al Magrebi Commanders and leaders Amari Saifi (P.O.W.) Nabil Sahraoui † Abou Mossaab Abdelouadoud Strength 250,000[citation needed] AQOIM : 300-800 fighters[citation needed] Casualties and losses 6,000+[10]

v • d • e Islamic insurgency in Algeria (2002–present) 1st Algiers – Batna – Dellys – 2nd Algiers – Beni Amrane

The Maghreb (more specifically, Algeria, Mauritania and Morocco) has been the subject of an insurgency since 2002 waged by the neo-Khawarij Islamist militia, Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat, or, GSPC. The GSPC allied itself with the Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb against the Algerian government.

This alliance created a division within the GSPC and led to the creation of the Free Salafist Group (GSL) another militant group opposing the Algerian government and Western interests. The conflict is a continuation of the Algerian Civil War that ended in 2002, and has since spread to other neighboring countries.

Contents 1 Timeline 1.1 End of the Algerian civil war and initial militant activities 1.2 2002 1.3 2003 1.4 2004 1.5 2005 1.6 2006 1.7 2007 1.8 2008 1.9 2009 1.10 2010 2 See also 3 References

[edit] Timeline

[edit] End of the Algerian civil war and initial militant activities

With the Groupe Islamique Armé's decline, the GSPC was left as the most active rebel group, with about 300 fighters in 2003.^[11] It continued a campaign of assassinations of police and army personnel in its area, and also managed to expand into the Sahara, where its southern division, led by Amari Saifi (nicknamed "Abderrezak el-Para", the "paratrooper"), kidnapped a number of German tourists in 2003, before being forced to flee to sparsely populated areas of Mali, and later Niger and Chad, where he was captured.

Some believe that El Para actually works for the Algerian government. By late 2003, the group's founder had been supplanted by the even more radical Nabil Sahraoui, who announced his open support for al-Qaeda, thus strengthening government ties between the U.S. and Algeria. He was reportedly killed shortly afterwards, and was succeeded by Abu Musab Abdel Wadoud in 2004.^[12]

The GSPC has declared its intention to attack Algerian, French, and American targets. It has been designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the U.S. Department of State, and similarly classed as a terrorist organization by the European Union.

Yet certain observers have consistently argued that the claims about terrorist threats in the Sahara and an alliance between these groups and Al-Qaida are exaggerated, that certain key events were fabricated, and that much of the hype is the result of a campaign of deception and disinformation led by the Algerian government, and perpetuated by the media.^[13]

[edit] 2002

• On May 5, 2002, 15 government soldiers are killed in an ambush near Tizi Ouzou, in the Kabylie region of northern Algeria. About 50 members of the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC) were blamed for the assault.^[14]
• On June 23, 2002, militants killed 6 civilians in an attack on youths playing football near a bus station in Zeralda, near Algier.^[15]
• On July 17, 2002, militants killed 7 civilians in Ouled Allal, Bouira Province. Bringing the death toll of the previous three days to 22.^[16]
• On September 13, 2002, militants killed 11 civilians on a road in northern Algeria, Ain Defla Province. The previous month, according to a toll compiled from press reports and official accounts, an estimated 140 people were killed in extremist violence, bringing to 1,070 the number of people who had been killed since the beginning of the year.^[17]
• On September 19, 2002, 15 people are reported to have been arrested in Kabylie under suspicion of providing money and logistical help to the GSPC^[18]
• On October 2, 2002, militants killed 13 civilians in a remote village in western Algeria, in Ain Defla Province.^[19]

[edit] 2003

• On January 6, 2003, militants ambushed a military convoy in north-east Algeria killing 43 soldiers and wounding 19 others. Also militants attacked families near the capital, Algiers, killing 13 people.^[20]
• Between 22 February and 24 March 2003, the Free Salafist Group or GSL, a splinter group of the GSPC led by Amari Saïfi (Abderrazak “El Para”), allegedly captures 32 European tourists in southern Algeria. On 13 May 2003, seventeen hostages are released and 2 militants are killed in a gun battle (not sure - the release also could have been a fake) in the Algerian desert. The remaining fighters, with fifteen hostages, flee to northern Mali. After receiving a purported €5 million ransom paid by the German government,^[21] the GSL/GSPC releases the fourteen remaining hostages on 19 August 2003.^[22] The fifteenth hostage, a German, died of heat exhaustion.^[23]
• In September 2003, Nabil Sahraoui was reported to have replaced Hassan Hattab as leader of the GSPC but other media reports have denied that any change has taken place.^[24]
• On November 27, 2003, in Messad, Djelfa Province, Algeria, a well-known poet and member of the extended Royal Saudi family was killed and four others were injured in an apparent terrorist attack, according to press reports.^[25]

[edit] 2004

• On February 7, 2004, the Algerian Army attacks the band of militants in northern Mali, from where they are chased eastward across northern Niger and into Chad.^[22]
• On March 9, 2004, members of the GSL/GSPC fight a gun battle with troops from Niger and Chad, supported by U.S. Special Forces, just inside Chad. 43 Salafi fighters from several West and North African countries are killed. The band's leader and the GSPC's overall number two, Amari Saïfi, escapes but is later captured by a Chadian rebel group, Movement for Democracy and Justice in Chad (Mouvement pour la démocratie et la justice au Tchad or MDJT).^[22]
• On May 2, 2004, it was reported that in the previous two days 7 members of the security forces, 6 civilians and 2 militants were killed in several locations: near Algier, and in the provinces of Medea, Bouira and Relizane.^[26]
• On May 18, 2004, two bombs exploded killing two soldiers and wounding 13 people, including four soldiers, in Setif in eastern Algeria.^[27]
• On June 2, 2004, insurgents ambushed an Algerian military convoy in Béjaïa in eastern Algeria, killing 10 soldiers and wounding 45 others.^[28]
• On June 20, 2004, Nabil Sahraoui is reported killed in gun battles with Algerian Army, along with many other high-level members of the group.^[29]
• On June 21, 2004, a car bomb injures 11 people and damages the main electricity plant in the capital Algiers. The GSPC claims responsibility.^[30]
• On June 28, 2004, the army killed three Islamic extremists in a raid near the capital, Algiers.^[31]
• On September 20, 2004, militants killed 4 people at a roadblock they set up near Kalous in Bouira Province.^[32]
• On September 29, 2004, militants attacked a civil defense post near the city of Ain Defla, killing 6 members of the civil defense force.^[33]
• In Autumn 2004, Abu Musab Abdel Wadoud (aka Abdel Malik Daroqedel, Abdelmalik Dourkdal or Abou Mossaab Abdelouadoud) succeeds Nabil Sahraoui as head of the GSPC.^[34]
• On October 22, 2004, militants attacked a vehicle near Medea carrying fans to a football match in the capital Algiers killing 16 people.^[35]
• At the end of October 2004, Amari Saïfi ("El Para") is handed over to the Libyan government, which sent him to be tried in Algeria.^[22]

[edit] 2005

• On April 9, 2005, militants killed 14 people at a fake roadblock near Algier. In addition another 36 people, including 15 security force members have been killed since the start of March.^[36]
• On May 15, 2005, insurgents ambushed an army convoy in the region of Khenchela killing 12 soldiers.^[37]
• On June 6, 2005, days before American soldiers arrive in the Sahel region for a military exercise named "Flintlock 2005", 15 Mauritanian soldiers are killed in an attack on the Lemgheity army base on the north-eastern border with Algeria and Mali. The Mauretanian authorities blame the GSPC, pointing to a statement on a GSPC-affiliated website as evidence. Others doubt the GSPC is responsible and suspect involvement of the Algerian security forces. Mauretanian journalists say that the report has not been independently verified and that they have been denied access to the wounded in hospital.^[38]
• On June 9, 2005, an explosive device kills 13 local government guards in a truck in Algeria's M'sila region southeast of Algiers.^[39]
• On June 13, 2005, an explosive device kills 3 soldiers and 2 civilians west of Tipaza.^[40]
• On June 18, 2005, an explosive device killed a policeman during a police raid in El-Djer.^[41]
• On June 23, 2005, an explosive device kills 1 policeman on the road linking Azzefoune and Aghrib in the province of Tizi Ouzou.^[42]
• The GSPC deputy head Amari Saïfi is imprisoned for life on 25 June 2005.^[43]
• On July 18, 2005, Islamist militants killed five policemen in an ambush in Ain Defla in western Algeria.^[44]
• In a September 2005 interview, Abu Musab Abdel Wadoud condemns the Algerian government's "peace and reconciliation agreement". He claims to have cut ties with the GSPC's founder, Hassan Hattab who supports the agreement and calls on the GSPC to lay down its arms.^[34][45]
• On September 25, 2005 militants killed 5 members of the security forces. Three days before 7 soldiers and 3 civilians were killed in two other attacks. Since the beginning of the month another 16 soldiers, 12 civilians and 1 policeman were killed. The attacks took place in Boumerdes Province and close to Saida .^[46][47]
• On November 17, 2005, three Algerian nationals are arrested in Naples, Italy on suspicion of planning a terrorist attack. They are said to have had contacts with Salafist groups in Algeria, notably the GSPC.^[48]

[edit] 2006

• On February 1, 2006, the Algerian daily Liberté reports that spiritual leader Ahmed Abou al-Baraa (real name Ahmed Zarabib) has been killed by Algerian government forces in the mountains near Toudja on January 17.^[49]
• On March 30, 2006, Hassan Hattab, a founder of the group, is reported to have called on its remaining members to accept an amnesty offered by the Algerian government.^[50]
• On April 7, 2006, insurgents ambushed a government convoy in the desert region of Ghardaïa in Algeria carrying customs agents killing 13 people.^[51]
• On April 26, 2006, a suicide bomber attacked the base of the Multinational Forces and Observers at al-Jura wounding two members of the force.^[52]
• On June 21, 2006, the Algerian army killed 10 Islamists in Ghzerwal, near Boumerdes.
• On June 26, 2006, the Algerian army killed 19 Islamists in the eastern region of Khenchela, bring the number of people killed since the start of the latest unrest in Algeria to 53, including 36 suspected Islamists. Among the dead were also 7 soldiers killed on June 21 and 5 civilians killed on June 20.^[53]
• On July 20, 2006, insurgents killed 4 government municipal guards near Ain Defla. The attack followed a similar one on July 12 when 5 guards were killed near Tipaza.^[54]
• On August 29, 2006, insurgents attacked a checkpoint in El-Kseur in Béjaïa Province, killing 2 policemen and 1 civilian.^[55]
• On September 14, 2006, al-Qaeda announced it will join the GSPC in their fight against France. They plan to attack France, the United States, and their allies.^[56][57]
• On September 2, 2006 in separate clashes 6 soldiers were killed in the regions of Béjaïa and Medea.^[58]
• In October, 2006 a series of truck bombs exploded in Algiers killing three and wounding 24.^[59]
• On November 3, 2006 15 militants ambushed an army patrol in the Ain Defla region killing 8 soldiers.^[60]
• On November 9, 2006 militants ambushed an army patrol in the Bouira region killing 7 soldiers and wounding 13.^[60]
• On November 28, 2006 10 militants were killed in clashes in remote mountainous regions and also a week before a military helicopter was shot down by the Islamists killing 3 soldiers and 2 local guards.^[61]
• In December 10, 2006 a bomb tore apart a bus carrying foreign oil workers in Algiers, killing two and wounding eight.^[59]

[edit] 2007

• In January, 2007 Tunisia said it killed 12 GSPC militants while losing two security men. The militants allegedly planned to attack the U.S. and British embassies in Tunis.^[62]
• On January 5, 2007 insurgents killed 18 soldiers in an ambush in the region of Biskra.^[63]
• On January 21, 2007 a roadside bomb exploded under an army vehicle near Jijel in eastern Algeria killing one soldier and wounding another eight.^[64]
• On January 30, 2007 5 soldiers and 10 Islamists were killed in fighting in the eastern region of Batna.^[65]
• On February 13, 2007 seven bombs exploded at seven police stations in the Kabylia region killing 2 policemen and 4 civilians.^[59]
• On March 3, 2007 a bomb hits a convoy of Russian pipeline workers between the towns of Medea and Ain Defla, killing four Russians and three Algerians.^[66]
• On April 7, 2007 9 soldiers and 10 Islamists were killed in fighting in a wooded area in the Ain Defla Province.^[67]
• On April 11, 2007, a suicide attack at the entrance of the Ministry of Interior killed more than 24 people and wounded 300. The United Nations Security Council officially condemned this attack.^[68]
• On April 27, 2007 AQ-Maghreb acknowledged that their member Samir Saioud alias Musab Abu Abdullah had been killed 45 km east of Algiers, but denied the Algerian government's claim that he had been #2 in the organization.^[69]
• On May 11, 2007 in various incidents 6 Islamists, 1 soldier and 1 policeman were killed near Tizi Ouzou, Saida and Jijel.^[70]
• On May 13, 2007 a bomb exploded at a police checkpoint in Constantine, Algeria, killing one policeman and wounding two.^[71]
• On May 14, 2007 20 militants were killed in clashes near the capital.^[72]
• On July 11, 2007 a suicide truck bomber attacked a military barracks near Bouira, killing 10 soldiers and wounding 35.^[73][74]
• On September 3, 2007 during clashes in the Tebessa region five security forces members and a civilian were killed.^[75]
• On September 5, 2007 seven militants were killed when the army bombed a suspected militant hideout in the Tebessa region.^[75]
• On September 6, 2007 a bomber in Batna blew himself up among a crowd waiting to see the president Abdelaziz Bouteflika arrive on a scheduled visit to the town 430 km (270 miles) southeast of Algiers. At least 21 people including the attacker were killed. It was the first time a suicide attacker in Algeria has detonated a bomb strapped to his body, rather than using a car bomb.^[76][77]
• On September 8, 2007, at least 30 people were killed and 47 injured in a suicide car bomb attack on an Algerian naval barracks in the town of Dellys, 100 km (62 mi) east of Algiers. The blast was carried out by two attackers who killed themselves in the attack. At least three civilians were among the dead.^[77][78]
• On September 15, 2007 a bomb exploded in front of a police compound in Zemmouri, near Boumerdes, killing three people and wounding five others.^[73]
• On September 22, 2007 a suicide bomber wounded nine people, including two Frenchmen and an Italian, in an attack in Lakhdaria, in the Bouira Province.^[74]
• On October 9, 2007 in clashes in Kabylia three militants, including the GSPC deputy leader, were killed.^[79]
• On October 15, 2007 in fighting in the Tizi Ouzou province three militants were killed.^[80]
• On November 16, 2007, Algerian forces killed the treasurer of al-Qaeda in Algeria, Abdelhamid Sadaoui, also known as Abou el Haythem, near Tizi Ouzou.^[79]
• On December 11, 2007, two suicide truck bombers attacked U.N. offices in Algiers, killing 37 people and injuring 171. The United Nations Security Council officially condemned this attack.^[81]
• On December 25, 2007, 4 French tourists were killed by gunmen in Mauritania and a fifth seriously injured. Victims were all part of the same family. See 2007 French tourists killing in Mauritania

[edit] 2008

• On January 2, 2008, a suicide attack killed at least three people in the Algerian city of Naciria, east of Algiers, police say. They say the bomber detonated his car near a police station. At least seven people were also wounded in the attack.^[82]
• On February 1, 2008, unidentified gunmen opened fire on the Israeli embassy in the Mauritanian capital Nouakchott, causing several injuries, including a French national. Israel condemned the attack, calling it an "act of terrorism".^[83]
• Al Qaeda's wing in north Africa says it killed 20 Algerian soldiers and wounded 30 in clashes in its eastern stronghold, where the army has launched a campaign against the rebels. In an Internet statement posted on March 8, the group denied a newspaper report that 25 of its fighters had been killed and played down reports its leader had been surrounded.^[84]
• On June 6, 2008, roadside bomb killed six soldiers and wounded four in Cap Djenat. The bombing came a day after a suicide bomber targeted a military barracks in an eastern Algiers suburb but killed only himself.^[85]
• On June 8, 2008, two bombs in quick succession rocked a train station in Beni Amrane, about 60 miles east of Algiers. The first bomb killed a Frenchman working on a renovation project at the station along with his driver. The second bomb came about five minutes later hitting the first responders and killing eight soldiers and three firefighters.
• On July 14, 2008, a leader of Al-Qaida in Algeria was killed in a security forces raid.
• On August 19, 2008, a suicide car-bomber attacked a police academy in Les Issers as recruits lined up in front of the building, 43 people were killed, only one of them a policeman. This attack was officially condemned by the United Nations Security Council.^[86]
• On August 20, 2008, another two car-bombs attacked a hotel in Bouira killing 11 civilians one day after the car bomb attack in Les Issers.^[87]
• On September 15, 12 Mauritanians were captured and later beheaded in northern Mauritania.^[88]

[edit] 2009

• January 22: Gunmen abduct a Swiss couple, a German woman, and a British man in Niger. In February, Al-Qaeda in the Maghreb claimed to have abducted the four tourists as well as Canadian diplomat Robert Fowler in December.^[89] Fowler and three others were released in April while the British man, Edwin Dyer, was executed in June.^[90]
• February 22: Militants attack a gas installation at the Ziama Mansouriah commune in the coastal province of Jijel, killing nine security guards in the deadliest strike since August.^[91]
• June 17: 18 gendarmerie troops and a civilian were killed in an attack on a military convoy near Bordj Bou Arreridj, about 125 miles southeast of Algiers.Local sources said that the soldiers were returning after escorting to base a group of Chinese workers building the future motorway intended to cross the whole of the north African country from east to west.
• July 30: At least 14 Algerian security guards were killed in an ambush by alleged Islamic fighters.^[92]
• Nov. 26: Frenchman Pierre Camatte was kidnapped in Ménaka, Mali by al-Qaeda.^[93]
• Nov. 29: Spanish aid workers Roque Pascual, Albert Vilalta, and Alicia Gamez were kidnapped on a coastal road in Mauritania.^[93] Gamez was released in March 2010, while Pascual and Vilalta was released in August 2010.^[94]
• Dec. 19: An Italian and his wife from Burkina Faso were kidnapped in eastern Mauritania.^[95] They were released on April 19, 2010.^[96]
• Dec. 28: Three Saudi tourists are killed and three others injured in an attack near Djambala, Niger.^[97] A fourth Saudi died two days later.^[98]

[edit] 2010

• January 29: A bomb exploded at the passage of a freight train loan Timezrit. Nobody was injured.^[99]
• March 8: At least five soldiers were killed close to Niger's border with Mali, in a sunrise ambush in which rebels attacked a convoy with rockets and machine gun fire at an isolated border post.^[100]
• March 21: 3 militants were killed by security forces near El Ma Labiod, 35 km from Tebessa.
• March 25: Two soldiers was killed and five other wounded in an attack in the city of Kadiria.^[101]
• March 26: 3 militants were killed while another was captured by security forces in Ait Yahia Moussa, 30 km from Tizi Ouzou.
• April 1: A bomb attack against a taxi killed two people in Tizi-Ouzou. Another attack against a police patrol does not hurt.^[102]
• April 3: Seven security officers and one soldier were killed in a double bomb attack in the region of Bejaia. Two other soldiers were wounded in the second explosion.^[103]
• April 14: According to Algerian officials, at least 10 militants were killed since a counter-terrorist operation started in Bordj Bou Arreridj raion. The operation is ongoing. Top militant Abdelmalek Droukdel could be surrounded with other militants, a military spokesman said.
• April 21: A French tourist and his Algerian driver were kidnapped in Niger.^[104]
• April 23: At least 2 policemen were killed and another was slightly wounded when a bomb exploded in Irraguern (between Bejaia and Jijel) while they were passing by. No other details have been reported.
• April, 28: A fierce gunbattle between Algerian army and a group of militants occurred near Tidjellabine (2 km from Boumerdes). It is known that one soldier was killed, but the counter-terrorist operation was still going on according to Algerian officials.
• May 2: One militant was killed in a clash with Algerian forces in a forest between Akfadou and Adekar. "He was wearing an old military jacket (...) he was killed on the spot" a military spokesman said. "The counter-terrorist operation is still going on" he added. This heavily forested area is often the scene of clashes between militants from Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQMI, former GSPC) and Algerian army.
• May 4: 3 militants, including the emir of "Takhoukht Jamaat" Zakaria Abdelkahar, were killed by security forces in Draa El Mizen (45 km from Tizi-Ouzou). It was reported that the authorities demanded them to stop their car and to surrender, but they refused and were killed. Several weapons and ammunitions were discovered in the car. No other details have been reported.
• May 9: 2 people including a child were killed in an ambush in Kabylia. Another person is missing.^[105]
• June 7: 2 people were killed and a third critically injured in a bomb attack near Derguina.^[106]
• June 11: A suicide car bomb directed by a suicide bomber against a fixed barrier of the gendarmerie in Ammal resulted in 8 dead, including 3 policemen, four civilians and a Chinese national. Thus a score of wounded including 10 policemen and 10 civilians. At least three terrorists were killed during the violent clash that occurred after the blast.^[107]
• June 24: 5 people were killed and one wounded by gunfire during a wedding at douar Ghrab near Tébessa.^[108]
• July 1er: 11 policemen were killed in an ambush in the city of Tinzaouatine. This attack was claimed by Al-Qaeda.^[109]
• July 4: 3 policemen killed by a bomb on a road near Jijel by suspected Islamists.^[110]
• July 14: 4 soldiers were killed and 13 others wounded in several bomb attacks.^[111]
• July 25: Six militants were killed in a Franco-Mauritanian raid against a camp of Al-qaeda in Mali to try to free the hostage Michel Germaneau. At the same time one person was killed and 10 wounded in a suicide attack against a police brigade in Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria.^[112][113]
• July 26: The French tourist Michel Germaneau, who was kidnapped on April 21, is executed.^[114]

[edit] See also

• Algerian Civil War

[edit] References

This article's citation style may be unclear. The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation, footnoting, or external linking. (September 2009)

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