From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Portuguese language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. There are two major standards, one of Portugal (EP) and one of Brazil (BP). Neither variant is preferred over the other at Wikipedia except in cases where a local pronunciation is clearly more relevant (such as a place in Brazil or a Portuguese artist).
See Portuguese phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Portuguese.
| IPA |
Consonants |
 |
 |
Examples |
English equivalent |
| b |
b |
besta |
lambast |
| β |
sábado[1] |
Between baby and bevy |
| ð |
d |
rapadura[1] |
this |
| d |
dedo |
condone |
| dʒ |
digo [2] |
engine |
| f |
fase; café |
deface |
| ɡ |
ɡ |
gato; guerra |
ago |
| ɣ |
magarefe trigo [1] |
between a light ago and ahold |
| k |
cama; laca; queijo |
scan |
| l |
linho; calor |
slip |
| ɫ |
w |
mal; principal [3] |
pill (most dialects) |
| ʎ |
velho |
roughly similar to million |
| m |
mãe; comer |
almighty |
| n |
nata; ano |
sonic |
| ɲ |
banho |
roughly similar to canyon |
| p |
poço; topo |
spouse |
| ʁ |
ʁ |
raro; arranha; enrascado[4] |
Depends on variant (see note) |
| ɾ |
morte[5] |
|
| ɾ |
por acaso; raro; aranha; bravo |
roughly similar to ladder in American English |
| s |
s |
saco; baço; promessa; máximo |
sack |
| ʃ |
escola; mastro; portas fechadas |
|
| ʃ |
chave; baixo |
hardship |
| t |
t |
taça; átomo |
stand |
| tʃ |
tipo; gente[2] |
reach |
| tʃ |
tchau |
|
| v |
vaca; cavalo |
divine |
| z |
z |
zebra; casa; existir; portas abertas |
Brazilian |
| ʒ |
rasgado; portas brancas |
|
| ʒ |
gente; jamais |
rouge, measure |
|
| IPA |
Vowels |
|
|
Examples |
| a |
a |
taça |
| ɐ |
cabide |
| ɐ |
taça; câmera[6]; cama[6] |
| ɐ̃ |
canto; ângulo; irmã |
| ɛ |
ɛ |
meta, sé |
| e |
prémio/prêmio[6] |
| e |
meto; sê; semáforo |
| ɨ |
semáforo |
| i |
gente; pequeno; se |
| i |
si; proibir; aperfeiçoe |
| ẽ |
cento |
| ĩ |
cinco; sim |
| ɔ |
ɔ |
formosa; formosos; avó |
| o |
bónus/bônus[6] |
| o |
formoso; avô |
| u |
Portugal |
| u |
cubo; reunir; boneco; frio;[7] vi-o; abençoo |
| õ |
conto |
| ũ |
fungo, algum |
| IPA |
Semivowels [8] |
| Examples |
English equivalent |
| j |
mais; saia, corações |
you, boy |
| w |
quando; guarda; frequente; Saguão |
wine, cow |
| IPA |
Stress |
| Examples |
| ˈ |
fria [ˈfɾiɐ]
friamente [ˌfɾiɐˈmẽt(ɨ)] (EP) [ˌfɾiɐˈmẽtʃi] (BP). |
| ˌ |
|
[edit] See also
- ^ a b c In northern and central Portugal, /b/, /d/, and /ɡ/ are lenited to fricatives of the same place of articulation ([β], [ð], and [ɣ], respectively) in all places except after a pause, or a nasal vowel, in which contexts they are stops [b] [d] [ɡ], not dissimilar from English b, d, g. (Mateus & d'Andrade 2000:11).
- ^ a b In most varieties of Brazilian Portuguese, /d, t/ are affricated to [dʒ], [tʃ] before /i, ĩ/.
- ^ In European Portuguese, post-vocallic /l/ is usually velarized much like with pill for many English speakers. For most Brazilians, it has been vocalized to [w].
- ^ The rhotic consonant represented as <ʁ> has considerable variation across different variants, being pronounced as [x], [h], [χ], [ʁ], etc., in Brazil and as [ʁ], [r], etc., in Portugal. See also Guttural R#Portuguese.
- ^ In Rio Grande do Sul state and São Paulo city it is an alveolar flap, while in Paraná state, many cities of interior of São Paulo state and south of Minas Gerais it may vary to alveolar approximant or retroflex approximant.
- ^ a b c d The 5 higher vowels /ɐ, e, i, o, u/, when stressed and preceded by a nasal consonant may assimilate the nasality.
- ^ Some of the post-stressed high vowels in hiatuses, as in frio (cold) and rio (river), may vary between a reduced vowel [ˈfɾiːu] and a glide [fɾiw], exceptions are verbal conjugations, forming pairs like eu rio [ew ʁiːu] (I laugh) and ele riu [elɨ ʁiw] (he laughed).
- ^ The semivowels /w/ and /j/ can be combined with most vowels to form diphthongs. This includes nasal diphthongs such as [ɐ̃ȷ̃] and [ɐ̃w̃].
