Finnish Border Guard
| Finnish Border Guard Suomen rajavartiolaitos Finska gränsbevakningsväsendet |
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 Finnish Border Guard emblem |
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| Active | March 21, 1919–present |
| Country | Finland |
| Role | Border guard |
| Size | 3,600 career personnel, mobilized strength 11,600 |
| Part of | Ministry of Interior |
| Commanders | |
| Commander | Lieutenant General Jaakko Kaukanen |
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The Finnish Border guard (Finnish: Rajavartiolaitos, Swedish: Gränsbevakningsväsendet) is the national security agency responsible for enforcing the security of Finland's borders. It is a military organization, subordinate to the Ministry of the Interior in administrative issues and to the President of the Republic in issues pertaining to the president's authority as Commander-in-Chief (e.g. officer promotions).
The border guard's personnel consists of 3,600 men and women, including 500 conscripts who are not used for border control during peace time. Upon mobilisation the Border Guard would be wholly or partly incorporated into the Finnish Defence Forces and its strength increased with reservists who have served their conscription in the border guard. The mobilized strength of the Border Guard is 11 600 persons.
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[edit] Duties and jurisdiction
Main duties of the Finnish Border Guard:
- Controlling the land borders and territorial waters of Finland.
- Passport control at border crossing points, airports and ports.
- Rescue operations (mainly at sea and in the remote areas of Lapland).
- Provide aid to other authorities such as the Fire Department in case of unusual events like wild fires.
- Investigation of crimes pertaining to border security.
- Customs control in the minor border crossing points without customs authorities.
- Training of conscripts for wartime duty. These include rajajääkäri (border jaegers) and erikoisrajajääkäri (special border jaegers).
- (during wartime) Long range patrols and guerrilla tactics behind enemy lines.
For the discharge of its duties, the Border Guard has limited police powers in the areas where it operates. It can, for example, seize and arrest persons and conduct searches in apartments and cars pursuant to same legislation as the police, when investigating a crime. However, the power to arrest a person has been delegated only to the commanding officers of a border control detachments and commanders and vice-commanders of larger units. The Border Guard is not supposed to be used for the keeping of public order under normal circumstances but it has quick response teams that can be used to support the police in exceptional situations. This has been done several times in recent history to supplement riot police during high profile international events where there is a considerable danger of violent demonstrations. The Border Guard also has the power to keep public order in its own facilities and in their immediate vicinity. For the execution of its military exercises, any officer with the minimum rank of captain can close an area temporarily.
The Border Guard is responsible for enforcing the 3–5 km border zone towards Russia and issues the permits to visit the zone.
[edit] Organization
Administrative units are responsible for the functions of the Border Guard. These administrative units are the Border Guard Headquarters, Southeast Finland, North Karelia, Kainuu and Lapland border guard districts, the Gulf of Finland and West Finland coast guard districts, Air Patrol Squadron and Border and Coast Guard Academy.
[edit] Equipment
[edit] Watercraft
The Border Guard operates:
- Six Offshore patrol vessels (Four in Western Finland, two in the Gulf of Finland), fitted with ASW equipment
- Seven Hovercraft (Five in Western Finland, two in Gulf of Finland)
- 81 Coastal patrol crafts (56 in West Finland, 25 in Gulf of Finland), 13 Watercat 1300 Patrol vessels ("PV 08"-class) are also on order, and will be delivered 2009-2011. There is also an option for a further 8 vessels of the type.[1]
[edit] Small arms
Light weapons:
[edit] Aircraft
The Border Guard operates 13 aircraft, including 11 helicopters. The remaining Bell 206s and possibly the oldest AB 412 are to be replaced by AW119s.
| Aircraft | Type | Versions | In service[2] | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bell 206 | utility helicopter | AB 206B | 3 | built by Agusta |
| AgustaWestland AW119 | utility helicopter | AW119Ke | 1 in service + 3 orders | to be built by Agusta and delivered by 2010 |
| Bell 412 | transport helicopter | AB 412 AB 412EP |
4 1 |
built by Agusta |
| Eurocopter Super Puma | transport helicopter | AS 332L-1 | 3 | built by Eurocopter |
| Dornier Do 228 | maritime patrol aircraft | Do 228-212 | 2 |
[edit] History
After the Finnish Civil War in 1919, the control of the Finnish borders was given to the frontier troops under the command of the Ministry of Interior. Until 1945, only the Russian border was supervised by the Frontier Guard, the Swedish and Norwegian borders having only customs control. In 1929, a separate Sea Guard was founded to prevent the rampant alcohol smuggling caused by the Finnish prohibition of alcohol (1919–32).
At the start of the Winter War there were nine Border Companies (Rajakomppania) on the Karelian Isthmus. North of Lake Ladoga the Frontier Guards were combined into six Detached Battalions (Erillinen pataljoona). Further north in Petsamo the defence was left to the 10th Detached Company (10. Erillinen komppania). After the war marshal Mannerheim awarded all frontier guards the title "Border jäger" (Rajajääkäri).
During the Continuation War, the Frontier Guard companies were combined into 8 Border Jäger battalions (Rajajääkäripataljoona) and later during the Lapland War into a Border Jäger Brigade (Rajajääkäriprikaati).
[edit] Current activities
After the Second World War, the Border Guards were placed on all Finnish borders. In 1950s, the Sea Guard was attached to the Border Guard. Since then, the Border Guard has received a fine public image. It is famed for the wilderness skills of its guards foot-patrolling the forest-covered Russian border, its good efficiency in catching the few illegal border crossers and for the fact that it is the only state authority in large parts of Lapland. In these matters it resembles the popular image of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. The Border Guard of Finland is one of the links of the chain of protectors of the external borders of the European Union and Schengen agreement.
Nearly every Border Guard District trains small number of conscripts for long range reconnaissance. Conscripts in Border Guard companies are mostly volunteers and preferably selected from the occupants of border areas, and while trained by Border Guard, they do not perform regular border control duties. Rivalry between Sissi troops from Border Guard and Defence Forces is traditionally high.
Employment in Border Guard is much sought for, especially in North and Eastern Finland, which suffer from chronic unemployment problems. Typically a vacancy in the Border Guard receives at least 50 applications.
[edit] References
- ^ Marine Alutech press release
- ^ "World Military Aircraft Inventory", Aerospace Source Book 2007, Aviation Week & Space Technology, January 15, 2007.
[edit] See also
- Frontex (The European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union)
[edit] External links
Media related to Border Guard of Finland at Wikimedia Commons- The Border Guard
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