Bob Graham
| Daniel Robert Graham | |
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| In office January 3, 1987 – January 3, 2005 |
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| Preceded by | Paula Hawkins |
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| Succeeded by | Mel Martinez |
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38th Governor of Florida
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| In office January 2, 1979 – January 3, 1987 |
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| Lieutenant | Wayne Mixson |
| Preceded by | Reubin Askew |
| Succeeded by | Wayne Mixson |
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Chairman of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
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| In office January 3 – January 20, 2001 |
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| Preceded by | Richard Shelby |
| Succeeded by | Richard Shelby |
| In office June 6, 2001 – January 3, 2003 |
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| Preceded by | Richard Shelby |
| Succeeded by | Pat Roberts |
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| Born | November 9, 1936 Coral Gables, Florida |
| Nationality | American |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Adele Khoury Graham |
| Children | Gwen Graham Cissy Graham McCullough Suzanne Graham Gibson Kendall Graham Elias |
| Alma mater | University of Florida Harvard Law School |
| Religion | United Church of Christ |
Daniel Robert "Bob" Graham (born November 9, 1936) is an American politician. He was the 38th Governor of Florida from 1979 to 1987 and a United States Senator from that state from 1987 to 2005. Following a failed bid for the Democratic Party nomination in the 2004 presidential race, Graham was considered a possible running mate for John Kerry.
Graham dropped out of the race for the Democratic presidential nomination on October 6, 2003 and announced his retirement from the Senate on November 3, 2003.
Graham is now concentrating his efforts on the newly established Bob Graham Center for Public Service [1] at his undergraduate alma mater, the University of Florida. He also serves as Chairman of the Commission on the Prevention of WMD proliferation and terrorism and advocates for the recommendations in the Commission report, World at Risk. In the Spring of 2009 Bob Graham published a book titled "America, The Owner's Manual: Making Government work for you" which inspires and teaches citizens how they can participate in our democracy in effective ways. [2].
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[edit] Personal background
Graham was born in Miami-Dade County, Florida. He married Adele Khoury Graham, of Miami Shores, in 1959. They have four daughters: Gwen Graham, Cissy Graham McCullough, Suzanne Graham Gibson and Kendall Graham Elias. The Grahams also have 11 grandchildren.
Graham is the son of Ernest "Cap" Graham, a Florida state senator, mining engineer and dairy/cattleman, and Hilda Simmons Graham, a schoolteacher. He is the youngest of four children. His siblings are the late Philip Graham, former publisher of the Washington Post; the late William Graham of Miami Lakes, Florida; and the late Mary Crow.
Bob Graham attended Miami Senior High School from 1951 to 1955, he was Student Body President his senior year. He was also president of Key Club, the Kiwanis service organization. While at Miami High Graham was the recipient of the Sigma Chi Award, the school's highest honor. He received a bachelor's degree in 1959 in political science from the University of Florida, where he was a member of the Sigma Nu fraternity. While at UF he was inducted into the University of Florida Hall of Fame (the most prestigious honor at UF) and was inducted into Florida Blue Key. He went on to receive an LLB from Harvard Law School in 1962. His eldest brother, Philip (1915–1963), was also a Harvard Law alum.
[edit] Political career
Graham is a Democrat who never lost an election prior to his bid for the 2004 Presidential nomination. He was first elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 1966 and reelected in 1968. He was elected to the Florida State Senate in 1970 and was reelected in 1974. At retirement he had served 38 consecutive years in public office and never lost an election.
[edit] Workdays
Bob Graham's campaign trademark was to work a full, eight-hour day at various jobs which represented Florida's constituents. He began his Workdays in 1974, teaching a semester of civics at Miami Carol City Senior High School in Miami while serving in the Florida Senate. At that time, Bob Graham was on the Education Committee. After a speech, M. Sue Riley, an English teacher at Carol City, approached Bob Graham and said, "The only problem with members of the Education Committee is nobody has any experience in education." Bob Graham was taken aback at that assertion and asked, "Well, what can I do about that?" A few months later, Ms. Riley contacted Senator Graham with a proposal to teach the next semester of civics. Following that teaching experience, he performed 99 additional workdays just in time for his 1986 successful campaign for U.S. Senate. Since then, he has completed 386 workdays. Graham has continued doing workdays throughout his tenure as governor and in the United States Senate. His jobs have included service as a police officer, busboy, railroad engineer, construction worker, fisherman, garbageman, factory worker, and teacher. On No. 365, he checked in customers, handled baggage and helped serve passengers on US Airways.
[edit] Governor of Florida
Bob Graham was elected Governor of Florida in 1978 after a seven-way Democratic primary race in which he initially placed second to Robert L. Shevin. His supporters at the time dubbed themselves "Graham crackers." With this victory, he realized his father's dream: Cap Graham had run unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination to be Governor of Florida back in 1944. Graham was re-elected in 1982 with 65% of the vote, defeating Republican nominee Skip Bafalis.
As Governor he was probably best known for appreciating that a quality education is of central importance to the future of Florida and is still now often remembered as the "Education Governor." By the end of his second term the Florida state university system was among the first quartile of state systems in America and its public schools and community colleges had substantially improved their academic standing.
In addition to Education Governor Graham's administration focused on Economic diversification and Environmental policies. During his tenure as Governor, the state added 1.2 million jobs and for the first time in state history the per capita income of Floridians exceeded the US average. For 3 of his 8 years Florida was rated by the accounting firm Grant Thornton as having the best business climate of all states in the union.
Graham also launched the most extensive environmental protection program in the state's history, focused on preserving endangered lands. During his tenure thousands of acres of threatened and environmentally important lands were brought into state ownership for permanent protection. His keystone accomplishment was the establishment of the Save the Everglades program, which as now been joined by the federal government in a joint effort.
Graham left the Governorship with an 83% approval rating.
- Lieutenant Governor: Wayne Mixson
- Secretary of State: George Firestone
- Attorney General: Alan Becker (1978–82), James C. Smith (1982–86)
- Treasurer: Bill Gunter
- Comptroller: Gerald Lewis
- Commissioner of Agriculture: Doyle Conner
- Commissioner of Education: Ralph D. Turlington
- Chief of Staff: Charles B. Reed
[edit] U.S. Senator
Graham was then elected to the U.S. Senate in 1986, defeating incumbent Sen. Paula Hawkins 55 to 45 percent. He was re-elected in 1992 (over Bill Grant, 66–34) and 1998 (over Charlie Crist, 63–37)and chose not to seek re-election in 2004, therefore retiring from the Senate in January 2005.
In the US Senate for 18 years, Graham continued his leadership for those priorities through service on the environment and finance committees. He was also active on veteran's issue and foreign policy, including chairing the US-Spain Council for which he received the highest civilian recognition for a non-Spaniard by King Juan Carlos.
He is best known for his 10 years on the Senate Intelligence Committee which he chaired during and after 9/11 and the run up the Iraq war. As Chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, Senator Graham opposed the War in Iraq for fear it would divert U.S. attention from the fight in Afghanistan. After carefully reviewing information and meeting with military leaders in February 2002, he decided the war would be a "distraction" that would end poorly. He continues to oppose the Iraq War today.[3]
As a result of his service as the Chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, in 2004 Bob Graham authored the book "Intelligence Matters: The CIA, the FBI, Saudi Arabia and the Failure of America's War on Terror." Shining much-needed light on areas the 9/11 Commission preferred to keep dark, Intelligence Matters chronicles the efforts of a historic joint House-Senate inquiry to get to the bottom of our intelligence failures on that infamous day in 2001. Originally published in 2004 amid the media circus surrounding The 9/11 Commission Report, the book provides an unflinching exposé of failure, incompetence, and deceit at the highest levels of our government. [4] In September 2008 the book was released as a Paperback with a new Preface and Postscript by the University Press of Kansas. [5]
Bob Graham was a member of the New Democrat Coalition.
He has a well known habit of logging his daily activities on color-coded notebooks, which some say may have cost him a spot on past vice-presidential tickets. All of the notebooks are now housed at the University of Florida library. A great champion for his home state, Graham always kept Florida orange juice on hand in his Senate office and was rarely seen without his trademark Florida tie.
Early in 2003, Graham underwent heart surgery and received an artificial replacement heart valve made from the tissue from the heart of a Holstein cow.
He cosponsored a bill to create a Director of National Intelligence.
[edit] Presidential and Vice Presidential politics
Graham was considered as a potential Democratic nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1984, 1988, 1992 and 2000[1][2]. In 2000 he was reportedly on Al Gore's shortlist of potential running mates[3], as well as a confirmed finalist on Bill Clinton's list in 1992.
[edit] 2004 Presidential Race
Graham announced his candidacy for President of the United States in the 2004 election on the Democratic ticket on February 27, 2003. However, on October 7, 2003, he announced (with polls showing him in last place among a field of ten candidates) he was ending his presidential campaign, saying he started his campaign too late and had trouble raising money. In November, he announced that he would not seek another term in the Senate.
After John Kerry became the presumptive Democratic nominee for president in March 2004, there was some discussion in the media that Graham might be on the short list of Kerry's choices for vice president, presumably at least in part because having Graham on the ticket could help Kerry win Florida in the presidential election.
[edit] After politics
After teaching at Harvard University for the 2005–2006 academic year, Graham is now focused on founding two centers to train future political leaders, one at the University of Florida – where he earned his bachelor's degree in political science in 1959 – and one in his hometown at University of Miami.
The UF Center, known as the Bob Graham Center for Public Service[6], is housed in the university's College of Liberal Arts and Sciences [7] and provides students with opportunities to train for future leadership positions, meet current policymakers and take courses in critical thinking, language learning and studies of world cultures. On February 9, 2008, Mike Haridopolos Hall was dedicated on the UF campus – funded by longtime friend and fraternity brother of Graham, Jim Pugh, and his wife Alexis – and serves as home to the center, as well as the university's oral history and African and Asian languages programs.
In the Spring of 2009 Bob Graham published a book titled "America, The Owner's Manual: Making Government work for you" which aims to inspire and teach citizens how they can participate in their democracy in effective ways. [8].
Bob Graham currently serves as the Chairman of the Commission on the Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism.
Graham has also been sworn in as a member of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, established by Congress to examine the global and domestic causes of the recent financial crisis. The Commission will provide its findings and conclusions in a final report due to Congress on December 15, 2010.
In 2010, Graham was named co-chairman of the National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling in the wake of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.[4]
[edit] Business interests
The Graham dairy farm was redeveloped into Miami Lakes, a residential and commercial community, in 1963 under the leadership of Bob Graham's brother, William. To this day, Bob Graham still owns a significant share of the Graham Companies, which is estimated to be worth $10 million. To avoid a potential conflict of interest, his various investments, including his share in the Miami Lakes development, are managed by a proxy and reported to Graham at the end of each year. Graham's total net worth is reported to be between $7.35 million and $31.7 million[citation needed].
[edit] Honors
On November 18, 2005, the Sunshine Skyway Bridge, which was rebuilt during Graham's time as Governor, was renamed the Bob Graham Sunshine Skyway Bridge by the Florida Legislature.
On May 6, 2006 at the Spring commencement for the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, the University of Florida awarded Bob Graham an honorary doctorate, the Doctor of Public Service.
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Reubin O'D. Askew |
Governor of Florida 1979–1987 |
Succeeded by Wayne Mixson |
| Preceded by Richard Shelby Alabama |
Chairman of Senate Intelligence Committee 2001–2003 |
Succeeded by Pat Roberts Kansas |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by Charles S. Robb Virginia |
Chairman of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee 1993–1995 |
Succeeded by Bob Kerrey Nebraska |
| Preceded by Bill Gunter |
Democratic Party nominee for United States Senator from Florida (Class 3) 1986, 1992, 1998 |
Succeeded by Betty Castor |
| United States Senate | ||
| Preceded by Paula Hawkins |
United States Senator (Class 3) from Florida 1987–2005 Served alongside: Lawton Chiles, Connie Mack III, Bill Nelson |
Succeeded by Mel Martinez |
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Politics1 - Guide to the Inactive 2004 Democratic Presidential Prospects
- ^ THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: Democrats; CLINTON SELECTS SENATOR GORE OF TENNESSEE AS RUNNING MATE - New York Times
- ^ Gore, Lieberman prepare for public debut of Democratic ticket - August 7, 2000
- ^ http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/president-obama-announces-members-bp-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-and-offshore-drill
[edit] External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bob Graham |
- 1983 Interview by Dave Barry
- Christopher Hitchens, Bob Graham, David Corn, Ruth Wedgwood – Were We Misled? A Debate on Pre-War Intelligence live recording of WNYC's Brian Lehrer show recorded in February 2006 at The New York Society for Ethical Culture, mp3 format
- Official Governor's portrait and biography from the State of Florida
- Biography from the Congressional Biographical Directory
- Bob Graham profile, NNDB
- Intelligence Matters – If the president wants to deny the American people knowledge as to what the Saudis did to support the terrorists, that’s the president’s prerogative.
- The Bob Graham Center for Public Service at the University of Florida
- Online Photo Exhibit of Bob Graham's workdays, presented by the State Archives of Florida
- Bob Graham at the Internet Movie Database
- Nuclear or Biological Attack Called Likely
- Radio interview w/Doug Miles WSLR
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