Santa Cruz, California

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For the community in Mariposa county formerly with this name, see Indian Gulch, California. For all other uses, see Santa Cruz.
City of Santa Cruz
—  City  —
The "Town Clock" tower at the head of Pacific Avenue, looking south toward Monterey Bay, Downtown Santa Cruz, CA.

Flag
Seal
Nickname(s): Surf City, The 831
Location in Santa Cruz County and the state of California
Coordinates: 36°58′19″N 122°1′35″W / 36.97194°N 122.02639°W / 36.97194; -122.02639
Country United States
State California
County Santa Cruz
Government
 - Mayor Mike Rotkin
 - Senate Joe Simitian (D)
 - Assembly Bill Monning (D)
 - U.S. Congress Sam Farr (D)
Area
 - Total 15.6 sq mi (40.4 km2)
 - Land 12.5 sq mi (32.5 km2)
 - Water 3.1 sq mi (8.0 km2)
Elevation 36 ft (11 m)
Population (2008)[1]
 - Total 56,124
 - Density 4,356.0/sq mi (1,682.2/km2)
Time zone PST (UTC-8)
 - Summer (DST) PDT (UTC-7)
ZIP codes 95060-95067
Area code(s) 831
FIPS code 06-69112
GNIS feature ID 1659596
Website http://www.cityofsantacruz.com/

Santa Cruz (pronounced /ˈsæntə ˈkruːz/) is the county seat and largest city of Santa Cruz County, California in the United States of America. As of the 2008 census estimate, Santa Cruz had a total population of 56,124.[1] It is located on the northern edge of the Monterey Bay, about 72 mi (115 km) south of San Francisco.

The present-day site of Santa Cruz was the location of a Native American settlement since ancient times. It was also one of the earliest settlements of the Spanish during the exploration of Alta California in the later part of the 1700s, including a California Mission. During the late 1800s, after California became part of the United States, Santa Cruz became widely popular for its idyllic beaches and coastal redwood forests, establishing itself as a resort community. Santa Cruz is now known for its moderate climate, natural beauty, educational institutions, alternative community lifestyles, and socially liberal leanings. It is also home to University of California, Santa Cruz, a premier research institution and educational hub.

Contents

[edit] History

[edit] The Ohlone and pre-contact period

Prior to the arrival of Europeans in the eighteenth century, Santa Cruz was home to the nomadic Ohlone Native Americans.

[edit] Mission and Pueblo period

In 1769 the Spanish explorer Gaspar de Portolà accidentally arrived in the vicinity while attempting to travel to Monterey.[2] He named the river San Lorenzo for Saint Lawrence and he called the rolling hills above the river "Santa Cruz" which means "holy cross".[3] In 1791, Father Fermín Lasuén declared the establishment of La Misión de la Exaltación de la Santa Cruz (also known as Mission Santa Cruz) for the conversion of the Awaswas of Chatu-Mu and surrounding Ohlone villages.[4] Santa Cruz was the twelfth mission to be founded in California.

In April 1796 and by order of the Viceroy of New Spain Miguel de la Grúa Talamanca y Branciforte, marqués de Branciforte, Captain Pere d'Alberní, and his First Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia, a 72-man irregular unit serving the Spanish Crown, were moved to California to take care of the Spanish military garrisons of Monterrey, Santa Bárbara, San Diego and San Francisco.[5] Across the San Lorenzo River, in what is now known as the East Side of Santa Cruz, Alberní founded a town called Villa Branciforte (Spanish for Branciforte Village), in honor of the Viceroy of New Spain. Villa Branciforte later merged with the Mission Santa Cruz community across the river, and together they formed what is today known as Santa Cruz.

In the 1820s, newly independent Mexico had assumed control of the area.[6] During the next twenty years, immigrants from the United States began to arrive in great numbers. In 1848, following the Mexican-American War, Mexico ceded the territory of Alta California to the U.S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. California was the first portion of the territory to became a state, in 1850.

[edit] Social activism

As a center of liberal and progressive activism,[7] Santa Cruz became one of the first cities to approve marijuana for medicinal uses. In 1992, residents overwhelmingly approved Measure A,[8] which allowed for the medicinal uses of marijuana. Santa Cruz also became one of the first cities in California to test the state's medical marijuana laws in court after the arrest of Valerie Corral and Mike Corral, founders of the Wo/Men's Alliance for Medical Marijuana, by the DEA.[9] The case was ruled in favor of the growers. In 2005, the Santa Cruz City Council established a city government office to assist residents with obtaining medical marijuana.[10] In 2006, Measure K was passed by voters, making marijuana enforcement "lowest priority" for law enforcement.

Santa Cruz has an activist Veteran community.[11] The United Veterans Council sponsors a community-based program for Veterans dealing with re-entry into society as an alternative to government remedies.[12] The Bill Motto VFW post #5888 sponsors anti-war and peace efforts in Santa Cruz and throughout the country. The Veterans Memorial Building is host to punk, reggae, and hip-hop acts from Santa Cruz and around the world. It is also the home of the Bill Motto Post sponsored Thanksgiving and Christmas dinners. These dinners were started by post #5888 in the late seventies. In 2006, the Thanksgiving dinner served 1,400 people.[13] Founded in 1976, The Resource Center for Nonviolence is one of the oldest and most centrally located non-profit organizations committed to political and social activism in Santa Cruz County.[14] The center is "dedicated to promoting the principles of nonviolent social change and enhancing the quality of life and human dignity".[15] In 1998, Santa Cruz declared itself a Nuclear-free zone,[16] and in 2003, the Santa Cruz City Council became the first City Council in the U.S. to denounce the Iraq War.[17] The City Council of Santa Cruz also issued a proclamation opposing the USA PATRIOT Act.[18]

Notable feminists activists Nikki Craft and Ann Simonton resided in Santa Cruz where they formed the "Praying Mantis Brigade". This collection of activists organized the "Myth California Pageant" in the 1980s protesting "the objectification of women and the glorification of the beauty myth."[19][20] Myth California was staged concurrently with the Miss California pageant held in Santa Cruz since the 1920s. The protests, including women dressed in meat and pouring the blood of raped women across a pageant entryway[citation needed], ran for nine years and eventually contributed to the Miss California pageant leaving Santa Cruz.[21] Simonton founded and coordinates the non-profit group "Media Watch" which monitors and critiques media images of women and ethnic minorities.[22][23][24] Beginning in 1983 Santa Cruz has hosted an annual Take Back the Night candlelight vigil, rally, march, and protest focusing on the issue of violence against women.[25]

Santa Cruz has an active community of independent media makers as demonstrated by the Santa Cruz Independent Media Center and many other do-it-yourself media projects. A pirate radio station, Free Radio Santa Cruz (FRSC 101.1 FM), has been in operation in Santa Cruz for more than a decade, operating with active participation from a cross section of Santa Cruz residents. Incendio is a bi-lingual journal to connect English- and Spanish-speaking anarchists throughout the world to anarchist, indigenous, ecological, and social struggles occurring throughout Latin America. Santa Cruz also has an active independent media outlet.[citation needed]

[edit] Climate

Santa Cruz has mild weather throughout the year, enjoying a Mediterranean climate characterized by cool, wet winters and warm, mostly dry summers. Due to its proximity to Monterey Bay, fog and low overcast are common during the night and morning hours, especially in the summer.

Climate data for Santa Cruz
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 81
(27.2)		 85
(29.4)		 88
(31.1)		 94
(34.4)		 98
(36.7)		 106
(41.1)		 105
(40.6)		 103
(39.4)		 107
(41.7)		 103
(39.4)		 92
(33.3)		 87
(30.6)		 107
(41.7)
Average high °F (°C) 59.9
(15.5)		 62.5
(16.94)		 64.3
(17.94)		 67.7
(19.83)		 70.6
(21.44)		 73.8
(23.22)		 74.6
(23.67)		 75.3
(24.06)		 76.3
(24.61)		 73.2
(22.89)		 66.2
(19)		 60.5
(15.83)		 68.7
(20.39)
Average low °F (°C) 39
(3.9)		 41
(5)		 42
(5.6)		 43.3
(6.28)		 46.4
(8)		 49.4
(9.67)		 51.6
(10.89)		 51.8
(11)		 50.8
(10.44)		 47.2
(8.44)		 42.7
(5.94)		 39.1
(3.94)		 45.3
(7.39)
Record low °F (°C) 22
(-5.6)		 24
(-4.4)		 28
(-2.2)		 31
(-0.6)		 33
(0.6)		 36
(2.2)		 40
(4.4)		 38
(3.3)		 36
(2.2)		 30
(-1.1)		 27
(-2.8)		 19
(-7.2)		 19
(-7.2)
Precipitation inches (mm) 6.7
(170)		 5.3
(135)		 4.4
(112)		 2.2
(56)		 0.7
(18)		 0.2
(5)		 0.1
(3)		 0.1
(3)		 0.3
(8)		 1.2
(30)		 3.9
(99)		 5.3
(135)		 30.3
(770)
Source: Weatherbase.com [26]

[edit] Economy

The principal industries of Santa Cruz are agriculture, tourism, education (UCSC) and high technology. Santa Cruz is a center of the organic agriculture movement, and many specialty products as well as housing the headquarters of California Certified Organic Farmers. Tourist attractions include the classic Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk on the beach, the redwood forests, and Monterey Bay, which is protected as a marine sanctuary.

[edit] Demographics

Santa Cruz
Population by year [27]
Year Pop.
1860 950
1870 2,561
1880 3,898
1890 5,596
1900 5,659
1910 11,146
1920 10,917
1930 14,395
1940 16,896
1950 21,970
1960 25,596
1970 32,076
1980 41,483
1990 49,040
2000 54,593
2008E 56,124[1]

Recorded from the census of 2000,[28] there were 54,593 people total with 20,442 households and 10,404 families residing in the city. The population density includes 1,682.2/km² (4,356.0/sq mi). There were 21,504 housing units at an average density of 1,715.8/sq mi (662.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 78.74% White, 17.39% Hispanic or Latino, 1.73% African American, 0.86% Native American, 4.90% Asian, 0.13% Pacific Islander, 9.14% from other races, and 4.50% from two or more races.

There were 20,442 households out of which 25.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.0% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 49.1% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the city the population was spread out with 17.3% under the age of 18, 20.5% from 18 to 24, 32.6% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 8.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 99.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.9 males age 18 and over.

The median income for a household in the city was $50,605, and the median income for a family was $62,231 (these figures had risen to $59,172 and $80,496 respectively as of a 2007 estimate[29]). Males had a median income of $44,751 versus $32,699 for females. The per capita income for the city was $25,758. About 6.6% of families and 16.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.5% of those under age 18 and 4.8% of those age 65 or over.

[edit] Law and government

City of Santa Cruz Logo

In the state legislature Santa Cruz is located in the 11th Senate District, represented by Democrat Joe Simitian, and in the 27th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Bill Monning. Federally, Santa Cruz is located in California's 17th congressional district, which has a Cook PVI of D +17[30] and is represented by Democrat Sam Farr.

[edit] Sister cities

Santa Cruz has six sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International, Inc.,[31] including Ukraine Alushta, Ukraine, which was established in the waning days of the Soviet Union before the fall of Communism and was controversial at the time[citation needed], Nicaragua Jinotepe, Nicaragua, Venezuela Puerto La Cruz, Venezuela, Italy Sestri Levante, Italy, Japan Shingū, Japan, which was established in 1974 when three Santa Cruz college students resided in Shingu for a year (1973–74) doing intensive Aikido training at the historic Kumano Juku Aikido school[citation needed], and Spain Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. A monument next to the downtown Santa Cruz post office has a small circular plaza surrounded by marble posts topped with bronze maps of each of the sister cities.

[edit] Transportation

State Routes 1 and 17 are the main roads in and out of Santa Cruz. Geographically constrained between the Santa Cruz Mountains and the Monterey Bay, the narrow transportation corridor served by SR 1 suffers mild congestion. The ramp from SR 1 northbound to SR 17 southbound, onto Ocean Street, is commonly known as the "fish hook" due to its tightening curve. A project to widen the highway and this interchange was begun in 2006 and completed in the fall of 2008.[32]

No. 7 Sonora Class C Shay
Big Trees Railroad

The Santa Cruz Metropolitan Transit District provides bus service throughout Santa Cruz County. Metro also operates bus service between Santa Cruz (city) and San Jose by way of a partnership with the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority and Amtrak California. Connections are possible in San Jose. A complete transit itineraries between Santa Cruz and San Francisco Bay Area cities and major airports are available from.iridethebus.org Greyhound Lines bus service is another option for visiting Santa Cruz.

The nearest airports for commercial travel are San Jose International Airport, Monterey Peninsula Airport, San Francisco International Airport, and Oakland International Airport.

Santa Cruz has an extensive network of bike lanes and bike paths. Most major roads have bike lanes, and wide, luxurious bike lanes were recently installed on Beach Street, near the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk. Additionally, there are levee bike paths along the San Lorenzo River. A Rail Trail -- a bicycle and pedestrian path beside an existing coastal train track—is under consideration.[33]

The Santa Cruz, Big Trees and Pacific Railway operates diesel-electric tourist trains between the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk and Roaring Camp in Felton, through Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park, with its famous Redwood Grove walking trail.

[edit] Education

House finch nesting in a whale vertebra, Long Marine Laboratory

Santa Cruz is home to several notable educational institutions, including Pacific Collegiate School (a grade 7-12 charter school), Georgiana Bruce Kirby Preparatory School (a grade 6-12 private school), Monterey Coast Preparatory (also a 6-12 private school), Santa Cruz High School, the University of California, Santa Cruz, Cabrillo College (which is located in nearby Aptos and holds some classes within Santa Cruz city), and Five Branches University.

The Long Marine Laboratory is a marine research facility on the western edge of the city.

[edit] Attractions

[edit] Downtown

A Pacific Avenue street corner

Santa Cruz's downtown area consists of a segment of Pacific Avenue and adjacent streets. This area is known for shopping in locally-owned businesses (formerly known as the Pacific Garden Mall), and is the city's cultural center with several book stores and independent movie theaters, The Catalyst nightclub,[34] bars which often feature live music, a variety of street performers, an art museum,[35] and a civic auditorium.[36] The atmosphere is generally peaceful and relaxed; people play music and sing. On weekends, at the fork of Pacific Avenue and Front Street, representatives of the local Brazilian and Portuguese-speaking populations have dance contests. There has been a local campaign to "Keep Santa Cruz Weird",[37] and Robert Steffen, a gentleman who walks slowly down Pacific Avenue dressed in pink women's clothing, pink makeup, and a pink parasol demonstrates this.[38][39]

Roy Rydell was engaged as the landscape architect for the former Pacific Garden Mall and other notable places in Santa Cruz including: Abbott Square beside The Museum of Art & History and Lulu's at the historical Octagon, Plaza Branciforte on Soquel Avenue, the Town Clock Plaza, the Communication Building at UCSC, Deer Park Center, Santa Cruz City Hall Annex, and the Alfred Hitchcock estate.

During the Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989, several buildings along what was known as the Pacific Garden Mall were destroyed, including the former beaux arts courthouse renamed and reopened in the 1960s as the Cooper House. The Cooper House was widely regarded as the heart of the downtown area and featured outdoor music played each day by Don McCaslin's band "Warmth". The Cooper House had a restaurant and bar that went through several owners throughout the 1980s but consistently attracted the townspeople, their guests, and local characters such as "Rainbow Ginger" to the outdoor patio where cocktails, food, music, and people watching were always on the menu. Since the earthquake, the old "Pacific Garden Mall" theme was eliminated, and an updated downtown design plan was implemented. The few remaining empty lots on Pacific Avenue are currently in the process of being developed.

[edit] Parks, beaches, and greenbelt districts

Natural Bridges State Beach

Santa Cruz is home to several state parks and beaches, including Lighthouse Field State Beach, Natural Bridges State Beach, Santa Cruz Mission State Historic Park, Twin Lakes State Beach, and Seabright State Beach.

Santa Cruz has five greenbelt districts, including Arana Gulch, Lighthouse Field, Moore Creek, Neary Lagoon, and Pogonip. Pogonip is a city-run park and open space located adjacent to the University of California, Santa Cruz. It includes second-growth redwoods and meadows as well as several streams, and is crossed by several hiking trails. The Pogonip also includes a former country club, with its golf courses and polo fields. The name for the park is derived from the Ohlone Native American word pogonip meaning "icy fog". There are also three regional parks and twenty-one neighborhood parks.

[edit] Recreation

Roof of the Carousel building (the "Merry-Go-Round") at the Boardwalk
A surfer

Santa Cruz is well-known for watersports such as sailing, diving, swimming, paddling, and is regarded as one of the best spots in the world for surfing.[40] It is the home of O'Neill Wetsuits and Santa Cruz Surfboards, as well as Santa Cruz Skateboards and Santa Cruz Bicycles. Santa Cruz also houses Derby skate park. The Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk is California’s oldest amusement park and a designated State Historic Landmark. Home to a National Historic Landmark, a 1911 Charles I. D. Looff Carousel and 1924 Giant Dipper roller coaster, the Boardwalk has been owned and operated by the Santa Cruz Seaside Company since 1915.

In one of the first published descriptions of surfing in California, three Hawaiian princes, Prince Edward Keliʻiahonui, Prince David Kawānanakoa and Prince Jonah Kalanianaʻole, surfed on locally milled redwood boards at the mouth of the San Lorenzo River in July 1885.[41][42] Santa Cruz has 11 world-class surf breaks, including the point breaks over rock bottoms near Steamer Lane and Pleasure Point, which create some of the best surfing waves in the world.[43]

[edit] Historic places

[edit] Media

[edit] Television

The Monterey-Salinas metropolitan statistical (or service) area (MSA) is served by a variety of local television stations, and is the 124th largest designated market area (DMA) in the U.S. with 222,900 homes:

[edit] Radio

[edit] Newspapers

The Santa Cruz Sentinel is Santa Cruz's only daily newspaper. The area is also served by weeklies: Santa Cruz Weekly (formerly called Metro Santa Cruz) and Good Times. University of California has its own publication, City on a Hill Press, and an alternative humor publication, Fish Rap Live!.

[edit] Notable Santa Cruzans and Santa Cruz-based organizations

Main article: List of Notable Santa Cruzans

Due to being the home of University of California, Santa Cruz as well as being bustling with local musicians, Santa Cruz has a number of notable residents.

[edit] Businesses headquartered in Santa Cruz

Notable businesses that are headquartered in Santa Cruz include Cruzio, Fullpower Technologies, O'Neill,[56] Plantronics, RF Micro Devices, Giro, and Santa Cruz Skateboards. Several businesses which used to be headquartered in Santa Cruz include Odwalla and Santa Cruz Operation.

[edit] Controversy

After Huntington Beach, California, trademarked the "Surf City USA" name, Santa Cruz politicians tried to stop the mark from being registered by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office because of a 10-year-old controversy over Santa Cruz's nickname "Surf City."[57] Huntington Beach has obtained a total of seven registrations for the "Surf City USA" trademark.[58] None of these registrations of the trademark are on the principal register, but on the secondary register, which means that Huntington Beach has no exclusive right to assert ownership over the "Surf City USA" trademark. Two Santa Cruz surf shops, Shoreline Surf Shop and Noland's on the Wharf, sued the city of Huntington Beach in order to protect the public use of the term "Surf City."[59] The parties reached a confidential settlement in January 2008, in which neither side admitted liability and all claims and counterclaims were dismissed. The Santa Cruz surf shops continue to print t-shirts, and the Visitor's Bureau retains the right to use the trademark.[60] In 2009 Steve Marble, of Los Angeles Times' L.A. Now news blog, wrote an article The real Surf City? It's Santa Cruz, says magazine saying: "But Surfer magazine proclaims Santa Cruz to be 'The Real Surf City, USA,' after it considered the surf, food and vibe of the nations' best known surf towns." Steve Marble quotes Surfer: "Huntington Beach may have won the right to the name ‘Surf City, USA’ in the California courts, but any surfer who’s ever paddled out at Steamer Lane knows the judge got it wrong.”[61]

[edit] Pop culture references

 Lists of miscellaneous information should be avoided. Please relocate any relevant information into appropriate sections or articles. (June 2009)

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c Santa Cruz, California (City-Data.com)
  2. ^ San Diego Historical Society - Gaspar de Portola
  3. ^ Santa Cruz City - History of Santa Cruz
  4. ^ California Missions Online - Mission Santa Cruz
  5. ^ Villa de Branciforte Preservation Society
  6. ^ Richman, Irving Berdine (1911). California Under Spain and Mexico, 1535-1847: A Contribution Toward the History of the Pacific Coast of the United States, Based on Original Sources (chiefly Manuscript) in the Spanish and Mexican Archives and Other Repositories. Houghton Mifflin. 
  7. ^ Hadley Robinson; Jim Seaman (2005). Uc Santa Cruz College Prowler Off The Record. College Prowler, Inc. pp. 17. ISBN 9781596581470. 
  8. ^ "Santa Cruz County Measure A Marijuana For Medical Use Initiative". http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/hemp/medical/santcruz.htm. Retrieved 18 December 2008. 
  9. ^ "Federal Suit Charges DEA's Raids Of California Medi-Pot Patients Are Unconstitutional". National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws. http://www.norml.org/index.cfm?Group_ID=5431&wtm_format=print. Retrieved 2007-01-07. 
  10. ^ "Nation's First Government Office to Provide Medical Marijuana Directly to Patients Established by Santa Cruz, CA City Council". American Civil Liberties Union. http://www.aclu.org/drugpolicy/medmarijuana/21203prs20051108.html. Retrieved 2008-10-03. 
  11. ^ "Letter to the Santa Cruz City Council". Veterans for Peace. http://www.veteransforpeace.org/files/pdf/SantaCruzFlagDay.pdf. Retrieved 2008-10-26. 
  12. ^ "Santa Cruz Community Veterans Program". http://www.vetstovets.org/about.php. Retrieved 2007-01-07. 
  13. ^ "Thousands converge on Santa Cruz Veterans Hall for meals". http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/archive/2006/November/24/local/stories/04local.htm. Retrieved 2007-01-07. 
  14. ^ James Tracy (2005). The Military Draft Handbook. Manic D Press. pp. 118. ISBN 9781933149011. 
  15. ^ "History and Mission of the Resource Center for Nonviolence". rcnv.org. http://rcnv.org/about. Retrieved 2007-01-07. 
  16. ^ COUNCIL POLICY 11.4: DECLARING THE CITY OF SANTA CRUZ A NUCLEAR FREE ZONE
  17. ^ "Support House Concurrent Resolution 35 – Withdrawal of U. S. Armed Force from Iraq". City of Santa Cruz. http://www.cityofsantacruz.com/cc/archives/05/4-12meeting/4-12rpt/cm162.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-04. 
  18. ^ "ACLU press release announcing that the City of Santa Cruz passed a resolution opposing the USA PATRIOT Act". American Civil Liberties Union. http://www.aclu.org/safefree/resources/17105res20021118.html. Retrieved 2006-06-08. 
  19. ^ Bacon, Amity (2005-05-22). "Miss California Pageant united the community and served as a platform for protest". Santa Cruz Sentinel. http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/archive/2005/May/22/local/stories/03local.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-18. 
  20. ^ Clarke, De. "MYTH CALIFORNIA: But Is It Art Or Is It Politics?". www.nostatusquo.com. http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/Nikki/BeautyClarke4.html. Retrieved 2008-06-23. 
  21. ^ Dunn, Geoffrey (1987). "Miss... or Myth". New York Times. http://movies2.nytimes.com/gst/movies/movie.html?v_id=176328. Retrieved 2008-06-23. 
  22. ^ White, Dan (2003-09-07). "Santa Cruz makes its mark on the world". Santa Cruz Sentinel. http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/archive/2003/September/07/local/stories/01local.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-18. 
  23. ^ Stoll, Michael (2004-01-21). "Getting results with low-budget media activism". gradethenews.org. http://www.gradethenews.org/pages2/simonton.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-18. 
  24. ^ Manheim, Camryn. "Myth America". www.gradethenews.org. http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/PreyingMantis/manheim.html. Retrieved 2007-05-18. 
  25. ^ Sonnenfeld, Josh (2006-05-27). "Take Back the Night 2006". Indybay. http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2006/05/27/18257221.php. Retrieved 2008-06-23. 
  26. ^ "Historical Weather for Santa Cruz, Ca, United States". http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=619740&refer=. 
  27. ^ "Population Statistics for Santa Cruz County and Cities, 1850–2000". santacruzpl.org. http://www.santacruzpl.org/history/weather/popstats.shtml. Retrieved 2006-11-22. 
  28. ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  29. ^ "Santa Cruz city, California". American Community Survey. US Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-qr_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_DP3YR3&-ds_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_&-tree_id=3307&-geo_id=16000US0669112. Retrieved June 6, 2010. 
  30. ^ "Will Gerrymandered Districts Stem the Wave of Voter Unrest?". Campaign Legal Center Blog. http://www.clcblog.org/blog_item-85.html. Retrieved 2008-02-10. 
  31. ^ "Online Directory: California, USA". sister-cities.org. http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/usa/CA. Retrieved 2008-09-08. 
  32. ^ "Highway 1 and 17 Interchange Project". California Department of Transportation. http://www.hwy1-17.caltrans.ca.gov/. Retrieved 2009-09-06. 
  33. ^ Santa Cruz County Regional Transportation Commission, January, 2007, "Santa Cruz Coastal Trail Network Fact Sheet"
  34. ^ Mercury News - The Catalyst / Santa Cruz
  35. ^ Mercury News - Santa Cruz celebrates the cycling scene: Museum exhibit documents city's contribution to cycling, just in time for Tour de California
  36. ^ City of Santa Cruz - Santa Cruz Civic Auditorium
  37. ^ MetroActive - Keeping the Weird Rolling
  38. ^ Sarah Phelan. "How to get Umbrella Man's pink look for Halloween". Metro Santa Cruz. http://www.metroactive.com/papers/cruz/09.28.05/fashion-0539.html. Retrieved 2008-11-18. 
  39. ^ SantaCruz.com - Umbrella Man Sighted in Downtown Santa Cruz
  40. ^ Surfer Magazine picks Santa Cruz as top spot to surf 06/05/2009
  41. ^ Genevieve Bookwalter (November 25, 2009). "Hawaiian royals honor Santa Cruz surfing history". Santa Cruz Sentinel. http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/localnews/ci_13863440. Retrieved 2010-04-01. 
  42. ^ Geoffrey Dunn and Kim Stoner (March 31, 2010). "Riders of the Sea Spray". Santa Cruz Good Times. http://www.goodtimessantacruz.com/santa-cruz-news/good-times-cover-stories/936-riders-of-the-sea-spray.html. Retrieved 2010-04-01. 
  43. ^ Mercury News - Santa Cruz County Symphony Appeals for Funds To Keep Season Afloat
  44. ^ SF Gate - Shakespeare Santa Cruz marks 25th season, and you'll like it
  45. ^ Wallace Baine (May 20, 2010). "'Westsiders' highlight of successful Film Fest". Santa Cruz Sentinel. http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/ci_15123323?IADID. Retrieved June 6, 2010. 
  46. ^ "Welcome to the Santa Cruz Film Festival". official web site. http://scfilmfest.org. Retrieved June 6, 2010. 
  47. ^ "Santa Cruz Pride Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Parade". diversitycenter.org. http://diversitycenter.org/programs/santa-cruz-glbtiq-pride/parade/. Retrieved 2008-10-03. 
  48. ^ Jessica Lussenhop. "The Craft of The Cutback". Metro Santa Cruz. http://www.metrosantacruz.com/metro-santa-cruz/10.01.08/arts3-0840.html. Retrieved 2008-10-03. 
  49. ^ "O'neill Cold Water Classic Day Four Highlights". Surfing Magazine. November 9, 2009. http://www.surfingmagazine.com/sch/01/cold-water-classic/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-03. 
  50. ^ "O'Neill Cold Water Classic". official web site. http://www.oneill.com/cwc. Retrieved June 6, 2010. 
  51. ^ Jacob May. "Collegians abound in Wharf to Wharf". Santa Cruz Sentinel. http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/sports/ci_10019804. Retrieved 2008-10-03. 
  52. ^ Lisa Hirschmann. "Woodies line the wharf for 14th time". Santa Cruz Sentinel. http://www.scsextra.com/story.php?sid=77791. Retrieved 2008-10-03. 
  53. ^ "Santa Cruz Community Farmers Market". oficial web site. http://www.santacruzfarmersmarket.org. Retrieved June 6, 2010. 
  54. ^ "National Register of Historic Places". National Register of Historic Places listings in California. http://www.nr.nps.gov/iwisapi/explorer.dll?IWS_SCHEMA=NRIS1&IWS_LOGIN=1&IWS_REPORT=100000039. Retrieved 2008-10-04. 
  55. ^ "California Register of historic Resources: Santa Cruz". California Department of Parks and Recreation. http://ohp.parks.ca.gov/default.asp?page_id=21523. Retrieved 2008-10-04. 
  56. ^ Willis, Clint (2003). Big Wave: Stories of Riding the World's Wildest Water. Thunder's Mouth Press. pp. 281. ISBN 9781560255017. 
  57. ^ "A Tale Of Two Surf Cities". Surfer (magazine). http://www.surfermag.com/features/onlineexclusives/srfcitystndup/. Retrieved 2008-10-04. 
  58. ^ "Surf City USA? Huntington Beach lands trademark". Santa Cruz Sentinel. http://www.scsextra.com/story.php?sid=38500. Retrieved 2006-05-14. 
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  61. ^ Steve Marble. "The real Surf City? It's Santa Cruz, says magazine". LA Times' LA Now. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2009/06/the-real-surf-city-why-that-would-be-santa-cruz.html. Retrieved 2009-06-16. 
  62. ^ http://www.movie-locations.com/movies/s/suddenimpact.html
  63. ^ Creator at the Internet Movie Database/
  64. ^ "Santa Cruz City Council Testimony 5/13/08". video. YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5oVzbwYWpg. Retrieved June 6, 2010. 
  65. ^ http://www.cowboylyrics.com/lyrics/keen-robert-earl/im-comin-home-11757.html | Retrieved 18 Nov. 2009
  66. ^ Surfin' in Pichilemu

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Coordinates: 36°58′19″N 122°01′35″W / 36.97205°N 122.026252°W / 36.97205; -122.026252

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