Joseph William Martin, Jr.
| Joseph William Martin, Jr. | |
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| In office January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1955 |
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| President | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| Preceded by | Sam Rayburn |
| Succeeded by | Sam Rayburn |
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| In office January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1949 |
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| President | Harry S. Truman |
| Preceded by | Sam Rayburn |
| Succeeded by | Sam Rayburn |
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| In office 1939 – January 3, 1947 |
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| Deputy | Harry L. Englebright Leslie C. Arends (Whips) |
| Preceded by | Bertrand H. Snell (R) |
| Succeeded by | Sam Rayburn (D) |
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| In office January 3, 1949 – January 3, 1953 |
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| Deputy | Leslie C. Arends (Whip) |
| Preceded by | Sam Rayburn (D) |
| Succeeded by | Sam Rayburn (D) |
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| In office January 3, 1955 – January 3, 1959 |
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| Deputy | Leslie C. Arends (Whip) |
| Preceded by | Sam Rayburn (D) |
| Succeeded by | Charles Halleck (R) |
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| In office March 4, 1925 – March 3, 1933 |
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| Preceded by | Robert M. Leach |
| Succeeded by | Charles L. Gifford |
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| In office March 3, 1933 – January 3, 1963 |
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| Preceded by | Richard B. Wigglesworth |
| Succeeded by | District eliminated |
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| In office January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1967 |
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| Preceded by | Laurence Curtis |
| Succeeded by | Margaret Heckler |
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| Born | November 3, 1884 North Attleborough, Massachusetts |
| Died | March 6, 1968 (aged 83) Hollywood, Florida |
| Political party | Republican |
Joseph William Martin, Jr. (November 3, 1884 - March 6, 1968) was a Republican Congressman and Speaker of the House from North Attleborough, Massachusetts. He was notably the only Republican to serve as Speaker from 1931 until 1995.
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[edit] Links to Southern Massachusetts
Joe Martin graduated from North Attleborough High School. He never went to college. He worked for the Sun Chronicle first as a newspaper delivery boy and then as the Managing Editor. His works are stored in the Joseph W Martin Jr. Library at Stonehill College.
[edit] Career
Martin served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives (1912-1914), Massachusetts Senate (1914-1917) and the United States House of Representatives (1925-1967). He was the Chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1940 to 1942. During the New Deal, he stood out as a major opponent of Franklin D. Roosevelt's policies and opposed his internationalist outlook on foreign affairs. However, he supported a few New Deal measures, like the establishment of the minimum wage. After 1952, Martin joined the moderate wing of the Republican Party and supported Dwight D. Eisenhower's internationalist outlook (through support of foreign aid), supporting federal aid for school construction, and supporting Lyndon B. Johnson's Economic Opportunity Act of 1964.
In 1960 McGraw-Hill published My First Fifty Years in Politics, by Joe Martin as told to Robert J. Donovan.
Martin was the longtime publisher of The Evening Chronicle newspaper in North Attleborough, Massachusetts. Soon after his death it merged with a nearby rival and became The Sun Chronicle newspaper.
[edit] Leadership
He served as Speaker of the House of Representatives on two separate occasions from 1947 to 1949 and from 1953 to 1955. These terms represented two Republican short-term majorities in the House, and Martin's two terms were bookended by Sam Rayburn (D-TX).
Following dramatic Republican losses in the 1958 election cycle, which placed a return to majority status out of reach (for 36 more years, as it turned out, until the 1994 Republican Revolution), Martin was ousted from the leadership by Charles A. Halleck of Indiana. In spite of this defeat, Martin chose to remain as a backbench member of the House. Eight years later, in 1966, he was ousted from his seat in the Republican primary by Margaret Heckler, who was 46 years his junior.
[edit] After Congress
He lost renomination in 1966. He died in Hollywood, Florida on March 6, 1968.
[edit] Legacy
Today in his hometown of North Attleborough, Massachusetts Martin is remembered in the name of one of six local elementary schools. The Joseph W. Martin, Jr. Elementary School bears his name. As well as the Joseph L. Martin Institute for Law and Society, which houses his personal archives. The Martin Institute is located at Stonehill College in North Easton, Massachusetts.
[edit] External links
- Joseph William Martin, Jr. at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- "Joseph William Martin, Jr.". Find a Grave. http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=9060.
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