Anglo-Saxon economy
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An Anglo-Saxon economy or Anglo-Saxon capitalism (so called because it is supposedly practiced in English-speaking countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, New Zealand, Australia[1] and the Republic of Ireland)[2] is a capitalist macroeconomic model in which levels of regulation and taxes are low, and government provides relatively fewer services.
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[edit] Origins of the term
The term Anglo-Saxon to denote the English-speaking (anglophone) world originated from the standard French idea of le monde anglo-Saxon[3]. The term refers to a particular culture which strongly features capitalism and Protestantism. A link between Protestantism and capitalism was described by Max Weber in his observation of 19th century Germany, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.
A common usage of "Anglo-Saxon" in the English-language media relates either to the language spoken in the area which would become England, or the people of these areas, after the arrival of Germanic tribes, primarily Angles and Saxons, in the 5th century. This usage is not linked to the use of "Anglo-Saxon" to refer to modern economic models.
[edit] Disagreements over meaning
Proponents of the term Anglo-Saxon economy state that Anglo-Saxon economies are more "liberal" and free-market-oriented than other capitalist economies. However, those who disagree with the use of the term claim that the economies of the Anglosphere differ as much from each other as they do from continental European economies.
Differences between Anglo-Saxon economies are illustrated by taxation and the welfare state. The UK has a significantly higher level of taxation than the US.[4] Moreover, the UK spends far more than the US on the welfare state as a percentage of GDP and also spends more than Spain, Portugal, or the Netherlands, all of which are in mainland Europe.[5] This spending figure is however still considerably lower than that of France or Germany.
Most countries on continental Europe (such as France, Italy and Germany) possess a macroeconomic model called continental capitalism (also called Rhine or Rhenan capitalism).[6][7] Yet some see Spain and also the newer members of the EU as (non-English-speaking) examples of "Anglo-Saxon" economies. The debate amongst economists as to which economic model is better, circles around perspectives involving poverty, job insecurity, social services, and inequality. Generally speaking, their advocates argue that more liberalised economies produce greater overall prosperity,[8][9] while defenders of continental models counter that they produce lesser inequality and lesser poverty at the lowest margins.[10][11]
[edit] See also
- Protestant work ethic
- Dirigisme (France)
[edit] References
- ^ Mitchell 2006, p.116. Mitchell groups all the preceding countries under a heading "Anglo-Saxon model or liberalist-individualistic model".
- ^ Sapir 2006, p.375
- ^ The English-speaking world is also sometimes referred to as the Anglosphere
- ^ Tax as fraction of GDP, UK: 37%; US: 26.8%. From List of countries by tax revenue as percentage of GDP
- ^ The UK spends 21.8% of GDP on the welfare state as compared to the US, which spends 14.8%. Data from the article: Welfare state
- ^ Richter, Eberhard; Fuchs, Ruth (2003-11-15). "Rhine Capitalism, Anglo-Saxon Capitalism and Redistribution" (Excerpt, English translation of German original). The Future of Social Security Systems (Conference). Indymedia UK. http://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2004/10/299588.html. Retrieved 2008-07-04.
- ^ The term was coined by Michel Albert, although can be applied specifically to Germany. See Joerges et al. 2005, p.30.
- ^ Dale, 1999
- ^ Reinhoudt, 2007
- ^ Richter, 2003
- ^ Schifferes, 2005
[edit] Bibliography
- Barysch, Katinka (August-September 2005). Liberal versus Social Europe. CER Bulletin, ISSUE 43. Centre for European Reform. http://www.cer.org.uk/articles/43_barysch.html. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
- Reginald Dale (1999-11-26). "Japan Is Transforming Its Economy". Thinking Ahead / Commentary (International Herald Tribune). http://www.iht.com/articles/1999/11/26/think.2.t_4.php. Retrieved 2008-04-07.
- Joerges, Christian; Strath, Bo; Wagner, Peter (2005). The Economy as a Polity: The Political Constitution of Contemporary Capitalism. Routledge Cavendish. p. 227. ISBN 1-8447-2070-5.
- Mitchell, William; Joan Muysken, Tom Van Veen, Centre of Full Employment and Equity (2006). Growth and cohesion in the European Union: The Impact of Macroeconomic Policy. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 250. ISBN 1-8454-2611-8.
- Jurgen Reinhoudt (2007-10-29). "Showtime for Sarkozy". Economic Policy (The American). http://www.american.com/archive/2007/october-10-07/showtime-for-sarkozy. Retrieved 2008-04-07.
- Richter, Eberhard; Fuchs, Ruth (2003-11-15). "Rhine Capitalism, Anglo-Saxon Capitalism and Redistribution" (Excerpt, English translation of German original). The Future of Social Security Systems (Conference). Indymedia UK. http://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2004/10/299588.html. Retrieved 2008-07-04.
- Sapir, André (June 2006). "Globalization and the Reform of European Social Models" (abstract). JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 44 (2): 369–390. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5965.2006.00627.x. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2006.00627.x. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
- Steve Schifferes (2005-06-02). "Blow to EU economic reform hopes". Business (BBC News). http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4602565.stm. Retrieved 2008-04-07.
