Azerbaijani Armed Forces

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Azerbaijani Armed Forces Azərbaycan Silahlı Qüvvələri
Coat of arms of Azerbaijani Land Forces
Founded	26 June 1918
Service branches	Azerbaijani Land Forces Azerbaijani Air Force Azerbaijani Navy
Headquarters	Baku
Leadership
Commander-in-Chief	President Ilham Aliyev
Defence Minister	Colonel-General Safar Abiyev
Chief of Staff	Colonel-General Najmaddin Sadykhov
Manpower
Military age	18-35 years (Regular)
Conscription	24 months
Available for military service	2,278,888 males, age 18–49, 2,291,770 females, age 18–49
Fit for military service	1,727,464 males, age 18–49, 1,944,260 females, age 18–49
Reaching military age annually	90,416 males, 85,344 females
Active personnel	102,000 (85,000 Land Forces, 12,000 Internal Troops and 5,000 Border Troops)[1]
Reserve personnel	300,000 former service personnel with service in last 15 years[2]
Deployed personnel	Afghanistan - 184[3]
Expenditures
Budget	$2.9 Billion (2010)(Ranked ?)
Percent of GDP	?% (2010)
Industry
Domestic suppliers	Azerbaijan Defense Industry
Foreign suppliers	Turkey  United States  Israel  Russia  Ukraine  Belarus  Pakistan
Related articles
History	Military history of Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Democratic Republic Armenian–Azerbaijani War (1918-1920) Battle of Baku (1918) Azerbaijan during World War II Nagorno-Karabakh War (1991–1994)

The Azerbaijani Armed Forces (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Silahlı Qüvvələri) were re-established according to the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the Armed Forces from October 9, 1991.^[4]

The armed forces have three branches: the Azerbaijani Land Forces, the Azerbaijani Air Force and Air Defense Force, a single unified branch,^[5] and the Azerbaijani Navy. Associated forces include the National Guard, Interior Guard, Border Guard, and Coast Guard and can be involved in state defense when needed.

The military expenditures of Azerbaijan for 2009 are set at $2.46 billion USD.^[6] Azerbaijan has its own Defense Industry, which manufactures small arms, artillery systems, tanks, armors and noctovision devices, aviation bombs, pilotless vehicles, various military vehicles and military planes and helicopters.^[7]

Contents 1 Overview 2 History of Azerbaijan military 2.1 Azerbaijan Democratic Republic 2.2 World War II 2.3 Karabakh War 3 National Hero of Azerbaijan 4 Land Forces 4.1 Organization 5 Air Forces 5.1 Air Defense 5.2 Training and education 5.3 Helicopter fleet 6 Navy 6.1 Special Forces 7 Defense Industry 8 Azerbaijan’s National Mine Action Authority 9 International cooperation 9.1 Turkey 9.2 United States 9.3 Israel 9.4 NATO 10 External links 11 References

[edit] Overview

Since the fall of the Soviet Union, Azerbaijan has been trying to further develop its armed forces into a professional, well trained, and mobile military. Azerbaijan has been undergoing serious modernization and capacity expanding programs, the military budget alone increased from around $300 million in 2005 to $2.46 billion in 2009.^[8] Among the former Soviet republics Azerbaijan has the largest armed forces (apart from the Russian Federation).^[1] The total armed forces number 85,000 men in the land forces, 8,000 men in the air force and air defence force, and 2,000 men in the navy. There are also 19,500 personnel in the National Guard, State Border Service, and Internal Troops.^[1] In addition, there are 300,000 former service personnel who have had military service in the last fifteen years.^[2] The military hardware of Azerbaijan consists out of over 600 Main Battle Tanks, 900 Armored Combat Vehicles and over 720 Artillery Systems. Its air force has over 220 aircraft and more than 75 helicopters. Azerbaijan spends an estimated $500 million - $600 million each year on military equipment and weaponry. The bulk of Azerbaijan’s equipment comes from Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.^[9]

In July 1992, Azerbaijan ratified the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE), which establishes comprehensive limits on key categories of conventional military equipment. Azerbaijan approved the CFE flank agreement in May 1997. It also has acceded to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty as a non-nuclear weapons state. Azerbaijan participates in NATO's Partnership for Peace. The country also integrates the "Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Moldova regional co-operation group", known as GUAM.

Azerbaijan cooperates with about 60 countries in the military-technical sphere and has an agreement on military-technical cooperation with more than 30 countries.^[10]

Azerbaijan joined the Coalition of the Willing during Iraq War. The peacekeeping unit consisted of 14 officers, 16 sergeants and 120 privates, (total of 150 troops) who secured the HPS and reservoir in Al Haditha from August 2003. In December 2008, Azerbaijan withdrew its peacekeeping unit.

Despite the rise in Azerbaijan's defence budget, which now exceeds Armenia's entire state budget,^[11], 'the armed forces do not have a high state of battle readiness and are ill-prepared for wide scale combat operations'^[12] though recent acquisition of Smerch long-range multiple rocket launchers, with a range of 70-90km, means the armed forces' firepower potential has risen significantly. Several analysts maintain that the appearance of this weapon system has altered the military balance in the South Caucasus.^[13]

[edit] History of Azerbaijan military

[edit] Azerbaijan Democratic Republic

The history of the modern Azerbaijan army dates back to Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in 1918, when the Armed Forces of Azerbaijan Republic were created in June 26, 1918. First de facto Minister of Defense of ADR was Dr. Khosrov bey Sultanov. When the Ministry was formally established Gen. Samedbey Mehmandarov became the minister, and then Lt-Gen. Ali-Agha Shikhlinski his deputy. Chiefs of Staff of ADR Army were Lt-Gen. Mamedbey Sulkevich (March 1919 - 10 December 1919) and Maj-Gen. Abdulhamid bey Gaitabashi (10 December 1919 – April 1920).^[14][15]

The Red Army invaded Azerbaijan on April 28, 1920. Although the bulk of the newly formed Azerbaijani army was engaged in putting down an Armenian revolt that had just broken out in Karabakh, the Azeris did not surrender their brief independence of 1918-20 quickly or easily. As many as 20,000 of the total 30,000 soldiers died resisting what was effectively a Russian reconquest.^[16] The national Army of Azerbaijan was abolished by the Bolshevik government, 15 of the 21 army generals were executed by the Bolsheviks.^[14]

[edit] World War II

During World War II, Azerbaijan played a crucial role in the strategic energy policy of Soviet Union, much of the Soviet Union's oil on the Eastern Front was supplied by Baku. By the Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in February 1942, the commitment of more than 500 workers and employees of the oil industry of Azerbaijan was awarded orders and medals. Operation Edelweiss carried out by the German Wehrmacht targeted Baku because of its importance as the energy (petroleum) dynamo of the USSR.^[17] Some 800,000 Azerbaijanis fought well in the ranks of the Soviet Army of which 400,000 died and Azeri Major-General Azi Aslanov was awarded twice Hero of the Soviet Union.

[edit] Karabakh War

In summer 1992, the Defense Ministry of Azerbaijan, following a resolution by the Azerbaijani president on the privatization of units and formations in Azerbaijani territory, forwarded an ultimatum demanding control over vehicles and armaments of the 135th and 139th motorized rifle regiments of the 295th Motor Rifle Division.^[18]

Azerbaijan had been the deployment area of units of the Soviet 4th Army that consisted of four motorized rifle divisions (23rd, 60th, 296th and 75th) and prescribed army units that included missile and air defense brigades and artillery and rocket regiments. It also hosted the 49th arsenal of the Main Agency of Missiles and Artillery of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, which contained over 7,000 train-car loads of ammunition to the excess of one billion units. The transfer of the property of the 4th Army (except for part of the property of the 366th motorized rifle regiment of the 23rd division captured by Armenian armed formations in 1992 during the regiment's withdrawal from Stepanakert) and the 49th arsenal was completed in 1992. Thus, by the end of 1992, Azerbaijan received arms and military hardware sufficient for approximately four motorized rifle divisions with prescribed army units. It also inherited 50 combat aircraft from the disbanded 19th Air Defense Army and naval ships.

[edit] National Hero of Azerbaijan

National Hero of Azerbaijan is the highest national title in the Republic of Azerbaijan. The law on the title has been in effect since December 25, 1995.^[19] The title is awarded for outstanding services of national importance to Azerbaijan in defense and strengthening of the state system and creation of important national values.

[edit] Land Forces

The Azerbaijani Land Forces number 85,000 strong, according to UK Advanced Research and Assessment Group estimates.^[1] The 2,500 men of the National Guard are also part of the ground forces. In addition, there are 300,000 former service personnel who have had military service in the last fifteen years.^[2] Other paramilitary agencies consist of Interior Ministry Internal Troops of Azerbaijan, 12,000 strong, and the land component of the State Border Service, 5,000 strong.^[1]

Azerbaijan has signed numerous contracts to strengthen its armed forces and to train its military with Turkey's assistance. Azerbaijan has also implemented a new organizational style in order to modernize its army. Over the last 15 years, Azerbaijan has been preparing its military for possible action against Armenian forces in Nagorno-Karabakh. It is feared that Azerbaijan may attempt to retake Karabakh and the surrounding regions by military force because the last negotiations in France were a failure. Azerbaijan has continually stated that it is interested in a diplomatic and peaceful solution.

[edit] Organization

Land Forces consist of five army corps:^[1]

• 1st Army Corps also known as Ganja Army Corps (concentrated near Ganja)
• 2nd Army Corps (concentrated against Armenian controlled territories and part is deployed on the Azerbaijan-Iranian border)
• 3rd Army Corps (concentrated against Armenian controlled territories)
• 4th Army Corps also known as Baku Army Corps (covers Absheron and the coast)
• 5th Army Corps also known as Nakhchivan Army Corps (deployed in Nakhichevan)

Forces by Role: MR – 23 bdes; Arty 1 bde, MRL 1 bde, AT 1 regt.^[1]

The Peacekeeping forces of Azerbaijan are mostly supplied from the Land Forces, though the Internal Troops of Azerbaijan do also supply some.

[edit] Air Forces

The Azerbaijani Air Force and the Azerbaijani Air Defense Force are a single unified service branch.^[5] Some 8,000 men serve in the air force and air defence force.^[1]

The Azerbaijani Air Force has over 220 aircraft and more than 75 helicopters. The country has 8 major military airports:

• Baku Kala Air Base
• Dollyar Air Base
• Ganja Air Base
• Kyurdamir Air Base
• Nakhichevan Airport
• Nasosnaya Air Base
• Sanqacal Air Base
• Sitalcay Air Base

The Azeri Air Force uses MiG-21, MiG-23, MiG-25, Su-24 and Su-25, as well as the MiG-29 purchased from Ukraine in 2006 and Soviet-era Il-76 aircraft. The MiG-29 have been designated as the standard aircraft for the AzAF.^[20]Azerbaijan is holding talks with China to purchase JF-17 Thunder aircraft.^[21]

In June 2008, Azerbaijan acquired six Orbiter, six Aerostar and another three IAI Searcher unmanned aircraft produced by Israel’s Aeronautics Company. These aircraft were demonstrated for the first time during the military parade in Baku in 2008. According to the Israeli newspapers, Azerbaijan is holding talks for purchasing Hermes and Heron-TP unmanned crafts.

The Air Force stockpiles L-29 and L-39 practice fighter jets produced in Czech Republic and Ukraine. The Azerbaijan Border Guard and Voluntary Society of Defense, Patriotism and Sport have Yakovlev light assault aircraft.

[edit] Air Defense

There are some installations of the Cold War era left by the Soviets in 1990. The Gabala OTH Radar in Azerbaijan is the an early warning installation, it is currently operated by the Russian Space Forces under a contract until 2012. The radar station has a range of up to 6,000 kilometres (3,728 mi), and was designed to detect intercontinental ballistic missile launches as far as from the Indian Ocean. Whether the Russian Government shares any of the station's radar data with Azerbaijan is unknown.

The U.S. also provided Azerbaijani military with the latest radar technology in 2006. In the same year, plans were announced for the U.S. to modernize one radar station near the Iranian border at Lerik and another near the border with Georgia at Agstafa. Joint work has also commenced on two radar stations on the Russia-Azerbaijani border and Iran-Azerbaijani border to monitor Caspian Sea traffic.^[22]

Azerbaijan has also missile systems intended to defend Azeri airspace. The NATO designated SA-2 Guideline (original name S-75) has been installed in and around Baku and additional installations are near the border with Iran and Dagestan. Among them are the medium range SA-4, for short range SA-8 and the SA-13 mobile SAM vehicles.

[edit] Training and education

Azerbaijani pilots are trained in the Azerbaijan Air Force School and then developing their skills in the military bases. Azerbaijan has an experience exchange with Turkey, Ukraine, the United States and number of NATO countries. Turkish Air Force School has a great role in the training of military pilots. The Azerbaijani pilots are also trained in the Ukraine’s Pilot Training School.^[23]

[edit] Helicopter fleet

The helicopter fleet contains Soviet made Mi-24, Mi-8Mi-17 and Mi-6 helicopters. Last year Azerbaijan signed a deal with Russia to purchase Mi-171 helicopters. Alongside the Azerbaijani Air Force, the Azerbaijani Border Guards, Interior Guards and Ministry of Emergency Situations have their helicopter squadrons.^{[citation needed]}

Helicopter fleet inventory of AzAF, note only confirmed types and amount are noted:^[24]

• Mi-6 Heavy transport helicopter - 4
• Mi-8 Assault helicopter - 13
• Mi-24 Large helicopter gunship - 49
• Mi-17 Assault helicopter - 4
• Mi-171 Civil version of Mi-17, possibly a VIP helicopter - 8

[edit] Navy

The Azerbaijan Navy has about 5,000 personnel in twenty two units including the Caspian Flotilla and a Border Coast Guard. The navy has 7 patrol boats consisting out of 2 Osa II class and 5 Stenka class patrol boats. There are 7 minesweepers consisting out of; 2 - Sonya class minesweeper and 5 Yevgenya class minesweepers. There are 6 landing crafts, 2 landing cutters, 1 special purposes warship and 1 special purposes cutter.

Azerbaijan is also strategic ally of the U.S. in view of its maritime border with Iran in the Caspian Sea. In this regard, the U.S. Navy is involved in supporting the Azeri Navy, in the area of training. There is also an agreement to provide US support to refurbish Azeri warships in the Caspian sea. In 2006, the US Government donated 3 motorboats with the latest technology to the Azerbaijani navy. In 2007 an agreement between Azeri Navy and one of the US military companies was concluded, which stated that a part of the Azeri Navy would be equipped with advanced laser marksmanship device/system. The US company specialists were also to give training for the use of new equipment. As a comment on this Colonel Lieutenant Eldar Safarov said that the work on modernization of warships will continue.^[25]

[edit] Special Forces

The US has also participated in joint naval exercises with the Azeri Army’s 641st Special Warfare Naval Unit, headquartered at the Azeri Naval Station outside Baku.^[26]

There is also an Azerbaijani Special Forces or 'Tigers' unit.^[27] It is not clear whether this unit is identical to the 641st Special Warfare Naval Unit, or is separate. It is said that the 'Tigers' unit was established in cooperation with the Turkish Navy In 2001. The training and structure of the Tigars is similar to Turkish special forces, Su Altı Taarruz and United States Special Forces who have close training relationships with them.^[28] The first Tiger units were established at Ganja following a joint training program with Turkey.

The Special Forces are equipped with the Israeli IMI Tavor TAR-21.^[29]

[edit] Defense Industry

The Defense Industry Ministry of Azerbaijan directs domestic military supplies for Azerbaijan. It was established in 2005. The Defense Industries Ministry is incorporated in the State Departments for Military Industry and for Armaments and the Military Science Center, each of which was formerly a separate agency within the Azerbaijani Defense Ministry.

The defense industry has emerged as an autonomous entity with a growing defense production capability. The ministry is cooperating with the defense sectors of Ukraine, Belarus and Pakistan.^[33] The major military companies of Azerbaijan are:

• RPE Iglim, aviation and shipbuilding
• Radiogurashdirma, communication means and radio-electronic
• RPE Neftgazavtomat, devices and automation systems for monitoring technological processes
• RPE Automatic Lines, non-standard equipment and products for application in electrotechnical and machine engineering
• Avia-Agregat, multi-purpose aviation equipment, various airdrome conditioners, universal container of board conductor, air-to-air radiators, fuel-oil, air-to-air heat exchangers and ventilators ^[34]

The defense industry of Azerbaijan manufactures small arms, artillery systems, various military vehicles and military planes and helicopters.^[35]

[edit] Azerbaijan’s National Mine Action Authority

Azerbaijan’s National Mine Action Authority (ANAMA) is the official mine-cleaning organization of Azerbaijan.^[36] In October 9, 2006 ANAMA confirmed that 36,861,337 sq. meters of area had been cleared from mines and unexploded ordinances and 70 334 UXO have been neutralized.^[37] 194 100 sq. meters of area were cleared in mechanical way. The operation took place in 2006; about 25 Dutch trained dogs (each worth $100,000), 156 sappers, 47 UXO operators, 8 paramedics, some 100 assistants and 4 mine detecting vehicles were used in the clearance operations.

ANAMA reports 81 mine explosions have left 51 persons dead and 116 wounded since September, 2001.

In 1999 the U.S. donated several vehicles, mine-detecting dogs, mine clearing robots and financial aid to the ANAMA.^[38]

[edit] International cooperation

[edit] Turkey

In December 2010, an agreement on military assistance was signed by Turkey and Azerbaijan. The agreement envisions Ankara’s supplying Azerbaijan with weapons, military equipment and, if necessary, soldiers in case war with Armenia over Karabakh resumes.^[39]

Turkey has supported the Azerbaijani military by providing training to Azerbaijani military personnel and delivering military equipment and armaments. Due to help from Turkish specialists and instructors, thousands of Azerbaijani officers have been trained to western standards and some have even gained field experience by taking part in special forces operations.^{[citation needed]}

Turkey has provided Azerbaijan with infantry weapons, tactical vehicles (jeeps, trucks, etc.) professional training, military organization, technology transfer, licenced military hardware production and other services.^[40]

The military position as international importance of Azerbaijan increased with agreement between Azerbaijan and Turkey on the participation an Azerbaijani peacekeeping platoon in the staff of Turkish battalion in Kosovo.^[41]

Since 1992 Azerbaijan and Turkey have signed more than 100 military protocols, some of the major protocols include:^[42]

• Cooperation of staff members
• National security cooperation in the topographical area
• Forming and training of profession school of forces kind of Baku
• Carrying out of the material and technical purchasing
• Military industry cooperation
• Development of the 5th Army Corps also known as Nakhchivan Army Corps in Nakhchivan^[43]
• Cooperation in the area of military history, military archives and museum work and military publication
• Assistance on training, material and technical between the Azerbaijan Border Guard and the Turkish Armed Forces.
• Long-term economical and military cooperation and application of the financial aid
• Application of material and technical provision

[edit] United States

Section 907 of the United States Freedom Support Act bans any kind of direct United States aid to the Azerbaijani government. This ban makes Azerbaijan the only exception to the countries of the former Soviet Union, to receive direct aid from United States government under the Freedom Support Act to facilitate economic and political stability.^[44] The Act was strongly lobbied for by the Armenian American community in the U.S.,^[45] and was passed in response to Azerbaijan's blockade of Armenia. Azerbaijanis consider this piece of U.S. legislature grossly unfair, as no measures were taken against Armenia regarding its control of some 14% of Azerbaijani territory (including Nagorno-Karabakh).^[46]

In spite of the Freedom Support Act, the United States remains one of the closest allies of Azerbaijan. U.S. right-wing media has said that of all of the former Soviet states, Azerbaijan is the best ally of the United States.^[47]

On May 19, 2006, Azerbaijani Defense Minister Safar Abiyev and the then commander of United States Air Forces in Europe General Tom Hobbins met in Baku to discuss military cooperation. He said the objective of his visit was to become familiar with the state of Azerbaijani armed forces.^[48] Hobbins pointed to the progress made in the NATO-Azerbaijan relations, saying that the successful implementation of the NATO Partnership for Peace program in Azerbaijan has brought the country even closer to the alliance. He said that the two countries' air forces will expand cooperation.^[49]

The U.S. state of Oklahoma is linked with Azerbaijan through the U.S. National Guard State Partnership Program (SPP)) and has sent Oklahoma National Guard troops on training and humanitarian missions to Baku.

[edit] Israel

Azerbaijan and Israel cooperate on numerous areas of the defense industry. Azerbaijan has shown great interest in Israeli technology over the years. In particular, an agreement was reached over the construction of the factory of intelligence and combat drones in Azerbaijan.^[50][51]

The Israeli defense company Elta Systems Ltd cooperates with Azerbaijan to produce a TecSAR reconnaissance satellite system, which can take high-definition photos of ground surfaces in all weather conditions.^[9] TecSAR ranks among the world's most advanced space systems.^[52] According to Azerbaijani military experts, this is an indispensable system for military operations in the mountainous terrains of Azerbaijan. ^[50]

Israel and Azerbaijan are negotiating on the production of Namer vehicles in Azerbaijan, which is a heavily armoured heavyweight infantry fighting vehicle based on the Israeli Merkava Mark IV tank. Namer was developed by and is being assembled by the Israeli Ordnance Corps. ^[50]

[edit] NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Azerbaijan actively cooperate on democratic, institutional and defence reforms, and have developed practical cooperation in many other areas. Azerbaijan’s Individual Partnership Action Plan (IPAP) and Partnership for Peace (PfP) lay out the programme of cooperation between Azerbaijan and NATO.

According to a NATO diplomatic source some key officials at NATO headquarters in Brussels were pushing hard for engaging Azerbaijan on the membership question. "Turkey, Romania, Italy, Poland, the United Kingdom and the Baltic states," are among the member-states also backing a fast track for Azerbaijan’s NATO membership.^[53]

Azerbaijan is seeking to achieve Euro-Atlantic standards and to draw closer to Euro-Atlantic institutions. Consequently, support to security sector reform and democratic institution building are key elements of NATO-Azerbaijan cooperation.^[54]

Beyond the focus on reform, another important area of cooperation is the country’s support for NATO-led operations. Azerbaijan currently contributes peacekeepers the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan. In the past, it also actively supported the peacekeeping operation in Kosovo and Iraq.

In June 5, 2006 the U.S. Departments of Defense and Homeland Security and the Federal Bureau of Investigation held a training program for about 100 representatives of Azerbaijan Ministry for Emergencies, Republican Prosecutor's Office, Defense Ministry and other law-enforcement bodies. The objective of the training was to enhance Azerbaijan's ability to prevent the spread of weapon of mass destruction and related materials. According to a U.S. Embassy official, the program was organized as part of U.S. efforts to help Azerbaijan implement its NATO IPAP, specifically to strengthen Azerbaijan's ability to control its land and sea borders: "This training is being implemented within the frame of International struggle against spread of weapons of mass destruction. It is a good case that Azerbaijan is our active partner in struggle against spread of weapons of mass destruction".^[55]

There is also a limited amount of military cooperation with the other countries of GUAM.^[56]

[edit] External links

• Official YouTube Channel of Azerbaijani Soldier programm

[edit] References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Military of Azerbaijan

•  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the CIA World Factbook.

•  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of State (Background Notes).

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